MIP-T3 Expression Associated with Defects of Ciliogenesis in Airway of COPD Patients

Introduction. Some studies have found that cilia were shorter in COPD smokers than in nonsmokers or healthy smokers. However, the structural abnormalities of cilia and the cause of such abnormalities in COPD patients still remain unknown. Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 3 interacting protein 1 (MIP-T3) may play an important role in the progress of ciliary protein transporting. Objectives. This study aimed at exploring the dominated structural abnormalities of cilia and the involvement of MIP-T3 in the pathogenesis of cilia of COPD patients. Methods. Patients who accepted pulmonary lobectomy were divided into 3 groups: the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smoker group, the healthy smoker group, and the nonsmoker group, according to smoking history and pulmonary function. The ultrastructure of cilia and the percentage of abnormal cilia were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting in bronchial epithelium were used to determine MIP-T3 mRNA and protein expression. The relationship between the percentage of abnormal cilia and lung function and MIP-T3 protein expression was analyzed. Results. Patients in the COPD smoker group had increased percentage of abnormal cilia comparing to both the healthy smoker group and the nonsmoker group (both P values <0.05). MIP-T3 expression was significantly declined in the COPD smoker group (P value <0.05). Moreover, the percentage of abnormal cilia was negatively correlated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEV1%pred (all P values <0.05). Moreover, the MIP-T3 protein expression was positively correlated with the percentage of abnormal cilia (P value <0.05). Conclusions. Our results suggested that the abnormal ciliary ultrastructure, which was common in COPD patients, might be due to MIP-T3 downregulation.

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Understanding racial differences of COPD patients with an ecological model: two large cohort studies in the US and Korea

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease ◽

10.1177/2040622320982455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204062232098245

Author(s):

Hye Yun Park ◽

Hyun Lee ◽

Danbee Kang ◽

Hye Sook Choi ◽

Yeong Ha Ryu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

The Us

Background: There are limited data about the racial difference in the characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who are treated at clinics. We aimed to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between US and Korean COPD patients using large-scale nationwide COPD cohorts. Methods: We used the baseline demographic and clinical data of COPD patients aged 45 years or older with at least a 10 pack-per year smoking history from the Korean COPD Subtype Study (KOCOSS, n = 1686) cohort (2012–2018) and phase I (2008–2011) of the US Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study ( n = 4477, 3461 were non-Hispanic whites [NHW], and 1016 were African Americans [AA]). Results: Compared to NHW, AA had a significantly lower adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.67; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.60–0.75) and phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.70–0.86), but higher aPR of dyspnea (modified Medical Round Council scale ⩾2) (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15–1.29), short six-minute walk distance (<350 m) (aPR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.81–2.14), and poor quality of life (aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). Compared to NHW, Koreans had a significantly lower aPR of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.59), phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67–0.82), dyspnea (aPR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66–0.79), and moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation in the previous year (aPR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.65–0.82). NHW had the highest burden related to chronic bronchitis symptoms and cardiovascular diseases related to comorbidities. Conclusion: There are substantial differences in sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities between COPD patients from the KOCOSS and COPDGene, which might be caused by interactions between various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors of the ecological model. Thus, a broader and more comprehensive approach would be necessary to understand the racial differences of COPD patients.

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Morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-6-48-52 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

E. V. Privalova ◽

T. V. Vavilova ◽

N. A. Kuzubova

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Compensatory Reaction ◽

Copd Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured erythrocyte parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-SD) using the automatic hematological analyzer Sysmex XT-2000i. Sixty-nine patients participated in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients with COPD (mean age 63 yrs, median smoking history 36 packyrs); 15 smokers without bronchial obstruction (mean age 56 yrs, median smoking history 28 packyrs) and 20 nonsmokers of the sane age without bronchial obstruction. Smokers with COPD and smokers without bronchial obstruction had significantly higher erythrocyte parameters compared to those of nonsmokers. Smokers demonstrated higher HGB level that could be as a compensatory reaction to nicotine-related preclinical hypoxia. Marked increase in RBC number and anisocytosis (RDW-SD) reflected the erythron activation in smokers with COPD. These results suggest that measurement of erythrocyte parameters could be useful to assess symptomatic erythrocytosis in COPD patients.

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The systemic nature of mustard lung: Comparison with COPD patients

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.1515/intox-2017-0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 114-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alireza Shahriary ◽

Mostafa Ghanei ◽

Hossein Rahmani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Airway Remodeling ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Chemical Warfare Agent ◽

Pulmonary Complications ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Systemic Nature

AbstractSulphur mustard (SM) is a powerful blister-causing alkylating chemical warfare agent used by Iraqi forces against Iran. One of the known complications of mustard gas inhalation is mustard lung which is discussed as a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this complication, there are clinical symptoms close to COPD with common etiologies, such as in smokers. Based on information gradually obtained by conducting the studies on mustard lung patients, systemic symptoms along with pulmonary disorders have attracted the attention of researchers. Changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin (IL), chemokines, selectins, immunoglobulins, and signs of imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant system at serum level, present the systemic changes in these patients. In addition to these, reports of extra-pulmonary complications, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are also presented. In this study, the chance of developing the systemic nature of this lung disease have been followed on using the comparative study of changes in the mentioned markers in mustard lung and COPD patients at stable phases and the mechanisms of pathogenesis and phenomena, such as airway remodeling in these patients.

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CT-measured lung air-trapping is associated with higher carotid artery stiffness in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00580.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 1760-1766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel E. Luehrs ◽

John D. Newell ◽

Alejandro P. Comellas ◽

Eric A. Hoffman ◽

Kelsey Warner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Air Trapping ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Artery Stiffness

Early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by the loss and narrowing of terminal bronchioles in the lung, resulting in “air-trapping,” often occurring before overt emphysema manifests. Individuals with an airway-predominant phenotype of COPD display extensive lung air-trapping and are at greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than COPD patients with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. We hypothesized that the degree of computed tomography (CT)-quantified lung air-trapping would be associated with greater aortic and carotid artery stiffness and lower endothelial function, known biomarkers of CVD risk. Lung air-trapping was associated with greater aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV) ( r = 0.60, P = 0.007) and carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.75, P = 0.0001) among adults with ( n = 10) and without ( n = 9) a clinical diagnosis of COPD and remained significant after adjusting for blood pressure (BP) and smoking history (pack-years) (carotid β-stiffness: r = 0.68, P < 0.01; CFPWV r = 0.53, P = 0.03). The association between lung air-trapping and carotid β-stiffness remained significant after additionally adjusting for age and forced expiratory volume 1(FEV1) ( r = 0.64, P = 0.01). In the COPD group only ( n = 10), lung air-trapping remained associated with carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.82, P = 0.05) after adjustment for age, pack-years, and FEV1. In contrast, no association was observed between CFPWV and lung air-trapping after adjustment for BP, pack-years, age, and FEV1 ( r = 0.12, P = 0.83). Lung air-trapping was not associated with endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) in the entire cohort ( P = 0.80) or in patients with COPD only ( P = 0.71). These data suggest that carotid artery stiffness may be a mechanism explaining the link between airway-predominant phenotypes of COPD and high CVD risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated greater large elastic artery stiffness and lower endothelium-dependent dilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared with controls. Furthermore, COPD patients with emphysema have greater aortic stiffness than non-COPD controls, and the degree of stiffness is associated with emphysema severity. The present study is the first to demonstrate that even before overt emphysema manifests, lung air-trapping is associated with carotid artery stiffness in COPD patients independent of blood pressure, age, or smoking history.

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Comparison of Bronchodilator Effect of Salbutamol Delivered via MDI and DPI in COPD Patients

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3054 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Shrestha ◽

R Shakya

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Dry Powder Inhaler ◽

Smoking History ◽

Dose Inhaler ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

P Value ◽

Total N ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading problems affecting majority of population all over the world which diminishes the quality of life of the individual and create extra burden to the society as well as country. Inhaled bronchodilator therapy is the mainstay of treatment in the management of COPD. Various inhaled [e.g. metered dose inhaler (MDI) /dry powder inhaler (DPI)] formulations are available and are widely used among the COPD patients in Nepal. Methodology : This is cross sectional prospective study, designed to compare the bronchodilating effect produced when salbutamol is delivered via two devices: MDI (Asthalin® from Cipla) and DPI (Asthalin® rotacap delivered via Rotahaler® from Cipla), in patients with stable COPD. It is proven by previous studies that intervention is necessary to improve the compliance of the patients; all subjects (total n=60; 30 in each group) are counseled and trained to follow correct inhaling technique through particular device. Then their improvements in lung function were measured with reference to the pulmonary function test based on spirometry. Results : Patients enrolled in each group were not statistically different regarding to age (P=0.318), weight (P=0.324) & BMI (P=0.836). Among the total subjects 87% had smoking history and 2% were still smoking and there was no signifi cant difference in smoking habit between the two groups (p-value 0.544 > 0.05). Similarly 91.6 % of the total had exposure to indoor air pollution which had been the major risk factor for COPD. Most of the patients were on stage II COPD (62%). Salbutamol was found to have no effect on vital statistics of patients. Study showed there was no significant difference in the improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p=0.802), FVC (p= 0.693), FEV1 % (p=1) and PEF (p=0.448) between MDI and Rotahaler groups. Major side effect associated with the MDI users is headache (79%) while those among Rotahaler users were muscle cramps (79%). Even though intervention improved the inhaler using technique among the patients in both the groups, it was found even after counseling, DPI seemed to be better understood by the patients in comparison to MDI (p=0.003 & 0.00). In addition DPI was preferred by most of the patients who were familiar with both delivery systems. It was also found to be cheaper than the MDI. Conclusion : Overall evidence suggests that although both MDI & DPI improve the lung function of COPD patients to similar extent, DPI is cheaper and more preferred and can be easily handled by the patients which can result in reduction of non-compliance. Keyword : COPD; Salbutamol; DPI; MDI; Spirometry DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3054 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (2) 22-30

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Serum Vitamin A and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/862086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. M. O. Caram ◽

R. A. F. Amaral ◽

R. Ferrari ◽

S. E. Tanni ◽

C. R. Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Copd Patients

Background.Vitamin A is essential for the preservation and integrity of the lung epithelium and exerts anti-inflammatory effects.Objective.Evaluating vitamin A in the serum and sputum and testing its correlation with inflammatory markers in individuals with or without COPD.Methods.We evaluated dietary intake, serum and sputum vitamin A, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein in 50 COPD patients (age = 64.0 ± 8.8 y; FEV1(forced expiratory volume in the first second) (%) = 49.8 ± 16.8) and 50 controls (age = 48.5 ± 7.4 y; FEV1(%) = 110.0 ± 15.7).Results.COPD exhibited lower serum vitamin A (1.8 (1.2–2.1) versus 2.1 (1.8–2.4)μmol/L,P<0.001) and lower vitamin A intake (636.9 (339.6–1349.6) versus 918.0 (592.1–1654.6) RAE,P=0.05) when compared with controls. Sputum concentration of vitamin A was not different between groups. Sputum vitamin A and neutrophils were negatively correlated (R2=-0.26;P=0.03). Smoking (0.197,P=0.042) exhibited positive association with serum vitamin A. COPD was associated with lower serum concentrations of vitamin A without relationship with the systemic inflammation.Conclusions.Serum concentration of vitamin A is negatively associated with the presence of COPD and positively associated with smoking status. Sputum retinol is quantifiable and is negatively influenced by neutrophils. Although COPD patients exhibited increased inflammation it was not associated with serum retinol.

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Different source of sample strains corresponds to different characteristics of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterium.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41183/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xinling Pan ◽

Jin Zhao ◽

Xiaoling Jin ◽

Songjun Ji

Keyword(s):

Lavage Fluid ◽

Smoking History ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Symptom Duration ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Different Sources ◽

Positive Results

Abstract Background: The non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains are important in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. However, the different source of the sample may correspond to different characteristics of both NTM disease and infected patients and these aspects have not been investigated. Methods: Samples isolated from different sources in inpatients with NTM strains were comprehensively analyzed in this study, including basic information, laboratory examination and coexisting diseases.Results: A total of 242 inpatients with NTM strains were considered in this study. Sputum (n=129) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, n=50) were the most common samples among patients with NTM strains from whom a sample was collected from a single source (n=179). The patients with NTM-positive BALF differed in age, gender, acid fast assay, the percentage of presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis, and symptom duration compared to the patients with NTM-positive sputum. The patients with COPD were older and mainly male, with longer symptom duration, with higher rates of smoking history and prostatic hyperplasia than those without COPD. Patients with bronchiectasis were mainly females, with a lower percentage of them with a tuberculosis history and smoking history compared to patients without bronchiectasis. Excluding the patients with COPD and bronchiectasis, patients with NTM-positive sputum were older, with positive results in acid-fast assay and T. spot assay compared to patients with NTM-positive BALF. Conclusions: The different specimen source in NTM patients was associated with different patients’ characteristics, and its choice could be influenced by presence of COPD and bronchiectasis. Patients with COPD and bronchiectasis differed in gender and smoking history, thus, these aspects should be comprehensively analyzed during the investigation of patients with pulmonary NTM infection.

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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β modulation of glucocorticoid responsiveness in COPD

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00077.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (10) ◽

pp. L1112-L1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anta Ngkelo ◽

Roland F. Hoffmann ◽

Andrew L. Durham ◽

John A. Marwick ◽

Simone M. Brandenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Bronchial Epithelium ◽

Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Bronchial Epithelial ◽

Histone Deacetylase 2 ◽

Copd Patients

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), oxidative stress regulates the inflammatory response of bronchial epithelium and monocytes/macrophages through kinase modulation and has been linked to glucocorticoid unresponsiveness. Glycogen synthase-3β (GSK3β) inactivation plays a key role in mediating signaling processes upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure. We hypothesized that GSK3β is involved in oxidative stress-induced glucocorticoid insensitivity in COPD. We studied levels of phospho-GSK3β-Ser9, a marker of GSK3β inactivation, in lung sections and cultured monocytes and bronchial epithelial cells of COPD patients, control smokers, and nonsmokers. We observed increased levels of phospho-GSK3β-Ser9 in monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and control smokers compared with nonsmokers. Pharmacological inactivation of GSK3β did not affect CXCL8 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression but resulted in glucocorticoid insensitivity in vitro in both inflammatory and structural cells. Further mechanistic studies in monocyte and bronchial epithelial cell lines showed that GSK3β inactivation is a common effector of oxidative stress-induced activation of the MEK/ERK-1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways leading to glucocorticoid unresponsiveness. In primary monocytes, the mechanism involved modulation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity in response to GSK3β inactivation. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that ROS-induced glucocorticoid unresponsiveness in COPD is mediated through GSK3β, acting as a ROS-sensitive hub.

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Osteoporosis in Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v19i2.37231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 114-118

Author(s):

Md Khairul Islam ◽

Fahima Sharmin Hossain ◽

Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury ◽

Prodip Kumar Biswas

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

X Ray ◽

Copd Patients

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common systemic features of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But there had been no data regarding osteoporosis in COPD patients in Bangladesh. Objectives: To determine the frequency of osteoporosis in COPD patients.Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study. COPD patients were recruited from Sarkari kormachari hospital. Patients were excluded if they had asthma, any disease affecting bones and calcium homeostasis or were receiving drugs related to bone metabolism. Demographic data were collected including age, smoking history, inhaled corticosteroid use, body mass index, treatment history hospital admission. Chest x-ray was done to exclude any infection or malignancy. Blood was obtained for complete blood count, renal function test, CRP. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) was conducted by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA scan) at second to fourth lumbar spines (L2-4) and femoral neck.Results: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis according to the lowest T-score at either L2-4 or femoral neck were 56.7%. This is very high than other country. BMI and CRP were significantly associated with osteoporosis.Conclusion: The frequency of osteoporosis in Bangladeshi COPD patients was higher than others. Osteoporosis was associated with low BMI and high level of CRP.J MEDICINE JUL 2018; 19 (2) : 114-118

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Urinary incontinence in female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v57i4.521 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

M. Papadopoulos ◽

I. Muller ◽

S. Cullen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients

Background: Urinary incontinence has been experienced as a problem since 1500 BC. In the twentieth century it is still a major problem that remains a source of distress for many sufferers. A lack of literature regarding the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) amongst chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients lead to this studyObjective: To determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in female COPD patients between the ages of 30 and 70 years.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 female COPD patients (aged 30-70 years) who were interviewed during a three month period. A structured COPD / incontinence questionnaire was used to obtain data. Statistical analysis of results included Fisher’s exact test and two-tailed t-tests. A p-value of < 0,05 was considered to be statistical significant.Results: The prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients was estimated as 82,1%. Smoking history was the only variable with a significant positive correlation regarding the patients presenting with SUI (p < 0,05). The proportion of smokers in the subjects presenting with SUI (SUI group - 29/55) is significantly higher than the subjects with no symptoms of SUI (normal group - 2/12).Discussion and Conclusion: The outcome of this study revealed a high prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients. Cigarette smoking, as the major contributing factor, revealed a strong statistical correlation between COPD and SUI.

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