scholarly journals The systemic nature of mustard lung: Comparison with COPD patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shahriary ◽  
Mostafa Ghanei ◽  
Hossein Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Systemic Nature

AbstractSulphur mustard (SM) is a powerful blister-causing alkylating chemical warfare agent used by Iraqi forces against Iran. One of the known complications of mustard gas inhalation is mustard lung which is discussed as a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this complication, there are clinical symptoms close to COPD with common etiologies, such as in smokers. Based on information gradually obtained by conducting the studies on mustard lung patients, systemic symptoms along with pulmonary disorders have attracted the attention of researchers. Changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin (IL), chemokines, selectins, immunoglobulins, and signs of imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant system at serum level, present the systemic changes in these patients. In addition to these, reports of extra-pulmonary complications, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are also presented. In this study, the chance of developing the systemic nature of this lung disease have been followed on using the comparative study of changes in the mentioned markers in mustard lung and COPD patients at stable phases and the mechanisms of pathogenesis and phenomena, such as airway remodeling in these patients.

scholarly journals MIP-T3 Expression Associated with Defects of Ciliogenesis in Airway of COPD Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wen-Jun Wang ◽  
Shi-Fang Yang ◽  
Zhi-Rui Gao ◽  
Ze-Ru Luo ◽  
Yuan-Ling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Healthy Smoker ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Abnormal Cilia ◽  
Nonsmoker Group

Introduction. Some studies have found that cilia were shorter in COPD smokers than in nonsmokers or healthy smokers. However, the structural abnormalities of cilia and the cause of such abnormalities in COPD patients still remain unknown. Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 3 interacting protein 1 (MIP-T3) may play an important role in the progress of ciliary protein transporting. Objectives. This study aimed at exploring the dominated structural abnormalities of cilia and the involvement of MIP-T3 in the pathogenesis of cilia of COPD patients. Methods. Patients who accepted pulmonary lobectomy were divided into 3 groups: the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smoker group, the healthy smoker group, and the nonsmoker group, according to smoking history and pulmonary function. The ultrastructure of cilia and the percentage of abnormal cilia were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting in bronchial epithelium were used to determine MIP-T3 mRNA and protein expression. The relationship between the percentage of abnormal cilia and lung function and MIP-T3 protein expression was analyzed. Results. Patients in the COPD smoker group had increased percentage of abnormal cilia comparing to both the healthy smoker group and the nonsmoker group (both P values <0.05). MIP-T3 expression was significantly declined in the COPD smoker group (P value <0.05). Moreover, the percentage of abnormal cilia was negatively correlated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEV1%pred (all P values <0.05). Moreover, the MIP-T3 protein expression was positively correlated with the percentage of abnormal cilia (P value <0.05). Conclusions. Our results suggested that the abnormal ciliary ultrastructure, which was common in COPD patients, might be due to MIP-T3 downregulation.

scholarly journals FSTL1 aggravates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and airway remodeling by regulating autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jiawei Xu ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Jinxiang Wu ◽  
Jiping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Impaired Lung Function

Abstract Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a critical factor during embryogenesis particularly in respiratory lung development, is a novel mediator related to inflammation and tissue remodeling. We tried to investigate the role of FSTL1 in CS-induced autophagy dysregulation, airway inflammation and remodeling. Methods Serum and lung specimens were obtained from COPD patients and controls. Adult female wild-type (WT) mice, FSTL1± mice and FSTL1flox/+ mice were exposed to room air or chronic CS. Additionally, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, was applied in CS-exposed WT mice. The lung tissues and serum from patients and murine models were tested for FSTL1 and autophagy-associated protein expression by ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemical. Autophagosome were observed using electron microscope technology. LTB4, IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice were examined using ELISA. Airway remodeling and lung function were also assessed. Results Both FSTL1 and autophagy biomarkers increased in COPD patients and CS-exposed WT mice. Autophagy activation was upregulated in CS-exposed mice accompanied by airway remodeling and airway inflammation. FSTL1± mice showed a lower level of CS-induced autophagy compared with the control mice. FSTL1± mice can also resist CS-induced inflammatory response, airway remodeling and impaired lung function. CS-exposed WT mice with 3-MA pretreatment have a similar manifestation with CS-exposed FSTL1± mice. Conclusions FSTL1 promotes CS-induced COPD by modulating autophagy, therefore targeting FSTL1 and autophagy may shed light on treating cigarette smoke-induced COPD.

scholarly journals Effects of Mangosteen pericarp Extract to Clinical Improvements, The Plasma Level of IL-6 and Malondialdehyde in Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Khilyatul Baroroh ◽  
Suradi Suradi ◽  
Ade Rima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Amplification of inflammation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in the airways, pulmonary and systemic circulation that are characterized by increased plasma level of IL-6 and MDA, resulting in worsening of clinical symptoms. Xanthones in mangosteen pericarp have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially as an adjuntive therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract to clinical improvements, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA of acute exacerbation COPD patients. A clinical trial of experimental with pretest and posttest was conducted on 34 acute exacerbation of COPD patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Salatiga from April until May 2016. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling. Subjects were divided by randomized double blind technique into the treatment group (n=17) received mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day and control group (n = 17) received placebo. Clinical improvements were measured in CAT score and length of stay. CAT score, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA were measured on admission and at discharge. Length of stay based on the number of days of care in hospitals. Results: There was significant difference (p=0,011) towards decreased of IL-6 plasma level between treatment group (-2,17 ± 3,46 pg/ mL) and control group (+1,67 ± 6,81 pg/mL). There were no significant difference towards decreased of length of stay (p=0,34) between treatment group (4,12 ± 1,54 days) and control group (5,24 ± 2,49 days), towards decreased of CAT score (p=0,252) between treatment group (-19,18 ± 3,96) and control group (-18,24 ± 2,75), and towards decreased of MDA plasma level (p=0,986) between treatment group (+0,03 ± 0,36μmol/L) and control group (+0,35 ± 1,58). Conclusions: The addition of mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day during hospitalization was significantly lowered plasma levels of IL-6, but were not significant in lowering the CAT score, shortening the length of stay, and reducing the increase in plasma level of MDA.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes of Th1 Cytokines and the Clinical Significance of the IFN-γ/TNF-α Ratio in Acute Brucellosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Xu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Rongjing Dang ◽  
Yanfang Jiang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Th1 Cells ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Background. T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells and Th1-produced cytokines play essential roles in the immune response to foreign pathogens, such as Brucella spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of Th1 cells and Th1-produced cytokines in patients with acute brucellosis and their impact on clinical decision-making. Methods. Fifty-one individuals with acute brucellosis and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The brucellosis patients were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and clinical examination. The levels of serum gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with the percentage of Th1 cells, were determined by flow cytometry bead arrays (CBA). Results. The frequency of Th1 cells, along with the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, was negatively correlated with the clinical parameters. The mean serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the frequency of Th1 cells were significantly higher in the brucellosis patients in comparison with the healthy subjects (p<0.05). Besides, the cytokine levels were not significantly different between the positive and negative blood culture groups. IFN-γ levels significantly decreased from 6 months to 12 months post treatment (p<0.05). However, the IFN-γ levels remained higher than those of the healthy subjects by 12 months post treatment (p<0.05). The IFN-γ/TNF-α ratio was significantly higher in severe cases than in nonsevere cases (p<0.05). Conclusions. The IFN-γ levels secreted by Th1 cells remain significantly higher than those of healthy subjects more than 12 months after treatment with antibiotics. This finding is different from similar studies. The IFN-γ/TNF-α ratio may be a feasible parameter for assessing clinical severity, yet further longitudinal studies of the immunization and inflammatory reaction of brucellosis are needed in larger patient populations.

scholarly journals Impaired Hemorheology in Exacerbations of COPD

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Ugurlu ◽  
Emine Kilic-Toprak ◽  
Ilknur Can ◽  
Ozgen Kilic-Erkek ◽  
Goksel Altinisik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Rbc Deformability

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation. Cardiovascular-related comorbidities are established to contribute to morbidity and mortality especially during exacerbations. The aim of the current study was to determine alterations in hemorheology (erythrocyte aggregation, deformability) in newly diagnosed COPD patients and their response to medical treatment and to compare with values of COPD patients with exacerbations.Materials and Methods. The study comprised 13 COPD patients, 12 controls, and 16 COPD patients with exacerbations. The severity of COPD was determined according toGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseaseguidelines. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation were measured by an ektacytometer.Results. RBC deformability of COPD patients with exacerbations was decreased compared to the other groups. Erythrocyte aggregation and plasma fibrinogen of COPD patients determined during exacerbations were higher than control.Conclusion. Decreased RBC deformability and increased aggregation associated with exacerbations of COPD may serve as unfavorable mechanisms to worsen oxygenation and thus clinical symptoms of the patient. Treatment modalities that modify rheological parameters might be beneficial.

scholarly journals Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 on COPD Development in Polish Patients: Genetic Polymorphism, Protein Level, and Their Relationship with Lung Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Gilowska ◽  
Łukasz Kasper ◽  
Katarzyna Bogacz ◽  
Jan Szczegielniak ◽  
Teresa Szymasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a decline of lung function and symptoms such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema leading from lung tissue destruction. Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and an imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are considered as factors influencing the pathogenesis of COPD. We investigated the role of genetic polymorphism and expression level of MMP-9 and concentration of its complexes with TIMPs in the development of COPD among Polish patients. We analyzed SNP in the promoter region of MMP-9 gene (rs3918242) using PCR-RFLP method among 335 COPD patients and 309 healthy individuals. Additionally, 60 COPD patients and 61 controls were tested for copy number variants (CNV) of MMP-9 (by quantitative real-time PCR) and serum levels of MMP-9 and its complexes with TIMP1 and TIMP2 (using ELISA). All subjects were analyzed for lung function using spirometry (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC parameters). We observed that allele and genotype frequencies of the SNP rs3918242, as well as the number of gene copies, were similar in COPD patient and controls groups. Serum levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP1 complex were significantly higher in COPD patients in comparison to controls groups, although independently of analyzed gene polymorphisms. Additionally, the significant inverse relationships between parameters of lung function (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC) and proteins level were found in ridge regression models, especially we found that FEV1% decreased when MMP-9 level increased in controls and patients with COPD group. In conclusion, we found that COPD patients were predisposed to produce more MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP1 complex than healthy individuals. This phenomenon is probably associated with the disease-related lung environment but not with genetic features of the MMP-9.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin A and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. O. Caram ◽  
R. A. F. Amaral ◽  
R. Ferrari ◽  
S. E. Tanni ◽  
C. R. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Copd Patients

Background.Vitamin A is essential for the preservation and integrity of the lung epithelium and exerts anti-inflammatory effects.Objective.Evaluating vitamin A in the serum and sputum and testing its correlation with inflammatory markers in individuals with or without COPD.Methods.We evaluated dietary intake, serum and sputum vitamin A, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein in 50 COPD patients (age = 64.0 ± 8.8 y; FEV1(forced expiratory volume in the first second) (%) = 49.8 ± 16.8) and 50 controls (age = 48.5 ± 7.4 y; FEV1(%) = 110.0 ± 15.7).Results.COPD exhibited lower serum vitamin A (1.8 (1.2–2.1) versus 2.1 (1.8–2.4)μmol/L,P<0.001) and lower vitamin A intake (636.9 (339.6–1349.6) versus 918.0 (592.1–1654.6) RAE,P=0.05) when compared with controls. Sputum concentration of vitamin A was not different between groups. Sputum vitamin A and neutrophils were negatively correlated (R2=-0.26;P=0.03). Smoking (0.197,P=0.042) exhibited positive association with serum vitamin A. COPD was associated with lower serum concentrations of vitamin A without relationship with the systemic inflammation.Conclusions.Serum concentration of vitamin A is negatively associated with the presence of COPD and positively associated with smoking status. Sputum retinol is quantifiable and is negatively influenced by neutrophils. Although COPD patients exhibited increased inflammation it was not associated with serum retinol.

scholarly journals Yijin-Tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jinhyung Rho ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Eun-Ju Hong ◽  
Eun Bok Baek ◽  
Eunhye Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Counts

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a lung disorder associated with symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. Traditionally, Yijin-tang (YJT), a mixture of Pinellia ternate, Poria cocos, ginger, Chinese liquorice, and tangerine peel, has been prescribed for the treatment of respiratory system diseases caused by dampness phlegm. This experiment investigated the therapeutic effect of YJT in a mouse model of cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD. Methods. COPD was induced by exposing mice to CS for 1 hour per day for 8 weeks, with intranasal delivery of LPS on weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7. YJT was administered at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg 1 hour before CS exposure for the last 4 weeks. Results. YJT significantly suppressed CS- and LPS-induced increases in inflammatory cell counts and reduced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. In addition, YJT not only decreased airway wall thickness, average alveolar intercept, and lung fibrosis, but it also suppressed the expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-B (TGF-β) and collagen deposition. Moreover, YJT suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as well as expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Conclusion. Collectively, our findings show that YJT attenuates respiratory inflammation and airway remodeling caused by CS and LPS exposure; therefore, therapeutic applications in COPD can be considered.

scholarly journals Study on correlation between six minute walk test and BODE index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3911
Author(s):  
Babulal Bansiwal ◽  
Anees K. V. ◽  
Maneesha Jelia ◽  
Satyam Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is preventable and treatable disease with progressive persistent airflow limitation and enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways. Indian council of medical research conducted a study and found that total burden of COPD in India has more than doubled to about 14.84 million in 2011 from about 6.45 million in 1971Methods: It was an open label cross sectional study. It was conducted on patients attending the outpatient department of respiratory medicine, new medical college and hospital, Kota, over a period of one year. 100 COPD patients attending the respiratory outpatient department of GMC, Kota and fulfilling the inclusion criteria’s were included in the study. A diagnosis and severity of COPD was established by clinical symptoms and spirometric data as per GOLD guideline (ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity <0.7).Results: We found a significant negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.664, p< 0.001) between 6 MWD and BODE index in study population.Conclusions: Thus, we concluded that the functional exercise capacity of COPD patients measured by 6MWT deteriorates linearly with severity of the disease assessed by the GOLD staging criteria. Hence we can use 6 MWT for assessing the severity of COPD in place of spirometry where the facility of spirometry is not feasible.

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