scholarly journals Disparities in Sleep Health among Adolescents: The Role of Sex, Age, and Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Miguez ◽  
Diego Bueno ◽  
Caroline Perez
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
And Migration

Background. Disparities in sleep disturbances have been described in adults; nevertheless, among adolescents, data have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, analyses of our cohort study of 500 urban, normally developed Hispanic adolescents (10–18 years), aim to determine if rates of sleep debt differ between: (a) male and female adolescents, (b) US-born Hispanics and first-generation immigrant ethnic counterparts, and (c) specific activities that these teens trade for sleep. Participants’ weekday and weekend sleep patterns, along with the reasons for sleeping less than the recommended hours were recorded. Standardized surveys were used to gather information regarding sociodemographics, migration, acculturation, and medical history. Using the criteria set forth by the National Sleep Foundation, analyses indicated that sleep deprivation is a pervasive problem, with 75% in the preadolescents and 45% of the late adolescents exhibiting sleep problems. Females slept on average at least one hour less per day than their male counterparts (7 vs. 8 hours). The sleep problems were rooted in several overlapping causes, including use of technology, video games, studying, and employment. Nevertheless, reasons for sleep loss differed by gender and by immigrant status. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that females, US-born teens, and preadolescents had higher odds of being sleep deprived. Pediatricians and sleep experts should be aware of gender-specific causes and responses of sleep problems. Cultural ecological frameworks need to be considered, and clearly indicate that findings may not generalize to youth from other cultural backgrounds.

scholarly journals Sleep as a mediator in the context of emotional problems in adolescents with IBD: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Manhart ◽  
◽  
Angelika A. Schlarb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Sleep has an impact on daily life. Particularly among adolescents with IBD, adequate sleep seems to be important, as the disease itself and the associated symptoms can cause distress and impair daytime functioning. However, often parental and youth reports differ regarding perceived sleep problems of adolescents. Besides sleep problems, depression and anxiety are often prominent in young IBD patients. To date, the interplay between sleep, anxiety/depression symptoms and IBD is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) evaluate sleep problems in adolescents suffering from IBD, (2) compare adolescents’ sleep quality and impairments according to self- and parental reports, and (3) investigate the interaction between IBD symptomatology, emotional problems and sleep disturbances. Methods: 29 adolescents (age 10 - 22; M = 14.44 , SD = 1.78 ) with IBD and their parents took part in the study. Adolescents and parents completed questionnaires concerning sleep, emotional problems, and IBD symptomatology. Results: Especially overtiredness, insomnia symptoms, and nightmares play a prominent role regarding sleep problems in youths. Self-rated sleep problems and parental ratings were inconsistent, particularly for nightmares (Z = -2.12; p = .034). However, other ratings concerning emotional problems and sleep, especially anxiety and nightmares, were significantly related(r = .426, p = .034), even though we found no mediation effect for the association between IBD, nightmares and anxiety. Discussion: The present study revealed the importance of sleep and emotional well-being for adolescents suffering from IBD. Moreover, it became clear that the role of anxiety in youths suffering from IBD and sleep problems is not sufficiently answered yet. Not only emotional behavior but also sleep should be addressed when diagnosing IBD or during treatment of IBD. In addition, these results show the need for further investigation regarding the differences between parental and self-reports concerning sleep problems in young IBD patients.

scholarly journals Perinatal antecedents of sleep disturbances in schoolchildren

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo E Brockmann ◽  
Helena Poggi ◽  
Alejandro Martinez ◽  
Ivonne D’Apremont ◽  
Rosario Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Study Objectives Prematurity has been associated with an increased risk for sleep apnea. However, sleep disturbances in children born preterm have not been extensively investigated. Considering that determinants of sleep may originate early in life, the potential impact of prematurity on sleep disturbances later in life could be important. To establish the role of prematurity on sleep disturbances in a cohort of schoolchildren that were born preterm and compare them with healthy controls. Methods A cohort of 147 schoolchildren, 45 born at term (≥37 weeks) and 102 very preterm (<32 weeks), was recruited and evaluated at school age (5–9 years). The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were used to assess sleep disturbances in different domains. Results PSQ score was significantly higher in former preterm children (0.26 ± 0.18 vs. 0.18 ± 0.14 in controls; p = 0.004), and SDSC total score was also significantly different among groups (21.7 ± 11.6 vs. 14.1 ± 12.6; p < 0.001). Regression models showed significant mean differences in PSQ score, total SDSC score, and two SDSC subscale scores (i.e. sleep-wake transition disorders, sleep-breathing disorders, and sleep hyperhidrosis) even after adjustment for confounders. Maternal age and type of delivery were not significantly associated with total PSQ scores. Conclusions Sleep disturbances may originate early in life since children born preterm exhibit an increased risk for developing long-term sleep problems. These findings may have important implications for management of preterm children and for implementation of early interventions focused on optimizing sleep habits.

Female Transnational Entrepreneurs (FTEs): A Case Study of Korean American Female Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
June Y. Lee ◽  
Jane Yeonjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurs ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Migration

Increasingly, studies of entrepreneurship and migration have examined the role of immigrant entrepreneurs in revitalising and diversifying the economy of the host society. Further, recent transnational skilled entrepreneurs have been understood as being much more mobile in building international networks and collaborations between their home and host societies. These studies have tended to focus on the technically oriented entrepreneurs and to produce a single grand narrative about a particular migrant group that transfers knowledge and becomes a technical pioneer in their home society. This article scrutinises a group of first-generation Korean American female transnational entrepreneurs (FTEs) living in Silicon Valley and builds a nuanced understanding about the diversity and complexity of being transnational entrepreneurs. Through a multi-layered qualitative approach, the study illustrates that three major mechanisms are at play: 1) the ecosystem of Silicon Valley; 2) the dynamics of gender and ethnicity; and 3) the adoption to live in a transnational social field. These mechanisms shape the motivations, experiences, and performances of Korean American FTEs. This article reveals the contesting ways in which these three mechanisms work simultaneously with each other.

The Role of Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems During Childhood in the Development of ADHD in Adolescence: Findings From a Population-Based Birth Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Xavier Carpena ◽  
Tiago N. Munhoz ◽  
Mariana Otero Xavier ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Markers

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between sleep in early life and ADHD in adolescence. As a secondary analysis, we tested whether the associations may be specific to ADHD. Method: Data from 3,467 participants of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used. Information on their sleep duration and problems was collected at 12, 24, and 48 months of age. ADHD diagnosis and hyperactivity/inattention problems were assessed with the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) among participants at 11 years of age. Results: Difficulty going to sleep at 24 months, nightmares at 24 months and at 48 months, and restless sleep at 48 months were consistently associated with ADHD as well as with other mental disorders. Conclusion: The results suggest that sleep disturbances may be more important ADHD predictors than sleep duration or sleep duration trajectories. However, it may also be considered early markers of other mental disorders.

scholarly journals AB0992 CONNECTING SLEEP QUALITY, PAIN AND MOOD DISTURBANCES IN JUVENILE FIBROMYALGIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1789.2-1790
Author(s):  
C. Malattia ◽  
M. Carpaneto ◽  
M. Mazzoni ◽  
C. Lavarello ◽  
E. Fueri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Juvenile Fibromyalgia ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Restorative Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Subjective sleep problems, including difficulties falling asleep, waking up, un-restorative sleep and daytime sleepiness are highly prevalent in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM). Sleep disturbances has been considered a consequence of severe pain and depression, but also in healthy individuals sleep deprivation is also a risk factor for the development of chronic widespread pain, tenderness and fatigue, suggesting the important role of sleep in pain control and in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia.Objectives:To estimate the incidence of polysomnographic alterations in JFM and to explore the relationship between sleep problems and the musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and mood and anxiety disorders.Methods:21 patients (M 3; F 18; mean age 16,1) with JFM were included. The objective sleep quality was measured by overnight polysomnography (PSG) (using the EMBLETTA MPR PG device). PSG data were compared to age and sex-matched controls. The subjective sleep disturbances were assessed by the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI). Musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated by using the widespread pain index (WPI). Pain intensity was evaluated on a 0-10 visual analogical scale (PVAS). Fatigue was assessed by using the Symptom Severity (SS) questionnaire. Mood and anxiety disorders were evaluated by using the Children Depression Index (CDI) and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Comparison of categorical data was performed by means of the Fisher’s Exact test. The relationship between sleep quality and clinical symptoms were assessed using Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient (rs). All statistical test were 2-sided and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:Nineteen out of 21 (90.5%) patients complained subjective sleep disturbances and un-restorative sleep. Seven out of 21 (33.3%) patients had mood and anxiety disorders. Eight out of 21 patients (38.1%) showed an electroencephalographic pattern of alpha wave intrusion in slow wave sleep (SWS). SCI was significantly correlated to CDI score rs -0,775 (p≤0,0001), MASC 0,61 (p=0,005), WPI -0,731 (p=0,001), SSI 0,492 (p=0,038), PVAS -0,590 (p=0,006).Conclusion:A substantial percentage of JFM patients experience sleep disturbances, which are, correlated with the severity of the muscolskeletal sympotms and mood and anxiety disorders. One third of JFM patients have alpha intrusion in the SWS. The important role of sleep in pain control suggests that the development of treatments to improve sleep quality may lead to more effective management of fibromyalgia in the future.References:[1]Ting TV et. al 2010 American College of Rheumatology Adult Fibromyalgia Criteria for Use in an Adolescent Female Population with Juvenile Fibromyalgia. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb;169:181-7.[2]Choy EH. The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11:513-20.[3]Roizenblatt S et al. Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44, 222–230.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Rapid evaluation of FDG imaging alternatives using head-to-head comparisons of full ring and gamma camera based PET scanners –

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Haslinghuis-Bajan ◽  
L. Hooft ◽  
A. van Lingen ◽  
M. van Tulder ◽  
W. Devillé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Variable Head ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pet Scanners

SummaryAim: While FDG full ring PET (FRPET) has been gradually accepted in oncology, the role of the cheaper gamma camera based alternatives (GCPET) is less clear. Since technology is evolving rapidly, “tracker trials” would be most helpful to provide a first approximation of the relative merits of these alternatives. As difference in scanner sensitivity is the key variable, head-to-head comparison with FRPET is an attractive study design. This systematic review summarises such studies. Methods: Nine studies were identified until July 1, 2000. Two observers assessed the methodological quality (Cochrane criteria), and extracted data. Results: The studies comprised a variety of tumours and indications. The reported GC- and FRPET agreement for detection of malignant lesions ranged from 55 to 100%, but with methodological limitations (blinding, standardisation, limited patient spectrum). Mean lesion diameter was 2.9 cm (SD 1.8), with only about 20% <1.5 cm. The 3 studies with the highest quality reported concordances of 74-79%, for the studied lesion spectrum. Contrast at GCPET was lower than that of FRPET, contrast and detection agreement were positively related. Logistic regression analysis suggested that pre-test indicators might be used to predict FRPET-GCPET concordance. Conclusion: In spite of methodological limitations, “first generation” GCPET devices detected sufficient FRPET positive lesions to allow prospective evaluation in clinical situations where the impact of FRPET is not confined to detection of small lesions (<1.5 cm). The efficiency of head-to-head comparative studies would benefit from application in a clinically relevant patient spectrum, with proper blinding and standardisation of acquisition procedures.

Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Male Migration ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical tools and a binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data. The result of the empirical analysis shows that various sources of credit and accessibility to them play a very important role in male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP.

Role of microenvironment on proliferation and migration of an SDHB silenced murine Pheochromocytoma cell line

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Martinelli ◽  
Vanessa D'Antongiovanni ◽  
Susan Richter ◽  
Letizia Canu ◽  
Tonino Ercolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Cell ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Glioblastoma invasion and NMDA receptors: A novel prospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Nandakumar ◽  
P Ramaswamy ◽  
C Prasad ◽  
D Srinivas ◽  
K Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Matrigel Invasion ◽  
Nmdar Activation ◽  
And Migration

Purpose Glioblastoma cells create glutamate-rich tumor microenvironment, which initiates activation of ion channels and modulates downstream intracellular signaling. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs; a type of glutamate receptors) have a high affinity for glutamate. The role of NMDAR activation on invasion of glioblastoma cells and the crosstalk with α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is yet to be explored. Main methods LN18, U251MG, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells were stimulated with NMDA to activate NMDAR glutamate receptors. The role of NMDAR activation on invasion and migration and its crosstalk with AMPAR were evaluated. Invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells were investigated by in vitro trans-well Matrigel invasion and trans-well migration assays, respectively. Expression of NMDARs and AMPARs at transcript level was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We determined that NMDA stimulation leads to enhanced invasion in LN18, U251MG, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells, whereas inhibition of NMDAR using MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDAR, significantly decreased the invasive capacity. Concordant with these findings, migration was significantly augmented by NMDAR in both cell lines. Furthermore, NMDA stimulation upregulated the expression of GluN2 and GluA1 subunits at the transcript level. Conclusions This study demonstrated the previously unexplored role of NMDAR in invasion of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the expression of the GluN2 subunit of NMDAR and the differential overexpression of the GluA1 subunit of AMPAR in both cell lines provide a plausible rationale of crosstalk between these calcium-permeable subunits in the glutamate-rich microenvironment of glioblastoma.

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