Female Transnational Entrepreneurs (FTEs): A Case Study of Korean American Female Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
June Y. Lee ◽  
Jane Yeonjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurs ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Migration

Increasingly, studies of entrepreneurship and migration have examined the role of immigrant entrepreneurs in revitalising and diversifying the economy of the host society. Further, recent transnational skilled entrepreneurs have been understood as being much more mobile in building international networks and collaborations between their home and host societies. These studies have tended to focus on the technically oriented entrepreneurs and to produce a single grand narrative about a particular migrant group that transfers knowledge and becomes a technical pioneer in their home society. This article scrutinises a group of first-generation Korean American female transnational entrepreneurs (FTEs) living in Silicon Valley and builds a nuanced understanding about the diversity and complexity of being transnational entrepreneurs. Through a multi-layered qualitative approach, the study illustrates that three major mechanisms are at play: 1) the ecosystem of Silicon Valley; 2) the dynamics of gender and ethnicity; and 3) the adoption to live in a transnational social field. These mechanisms shape the motivations, experiences, and performances of Korean American FTEs. This article reveals the contesting ways in which these three mechanisms work simultaneously with each other.

scholarly journals Disparities in Sleep Health among Adolescents: The Role of Sex, Age, and Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Miguez ◽  
Diego Bueno ◽  
Caroline Perez
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
And Migration

Background. Disparities in sleep disturbances have been described in adults; nevertheless, among adolescents, data have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, analyses of our cohort study of 500 urban, normally developed Hispanic adolescents (10–18 years), aim to determine if rates of sleep debt differ between: (a) male and female adolescents, (b) US-born Hispanics and first-generation immigrant ethnic counterparts, and (c) specific activities that these teens trade for sleep. Participants’ weekday and weekend sleep patterns, along with the reasons for sleeping less than the recommended hours were recorded. Standardized surveys were used to gather information regarding sociodemographics, migration, acculturation, and medical history. Using the criteria set forth by the National Sleep Foundation, analyses indicated that sleep deprivation is a pervasive problem, with 75% in the preadolescents and 45% of the late adolescents exhibiting sleep problems. Females slept on average at least one hour less per day than their male counterparts (7 vs. 8 hours). The sleep problems were rooted in several overlapping causes, including use of technology, video games, studying, and employment. Nevertheless, reasons for sleep loss differed by gender and by immigrant status. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that females, US-born teens, and preadolescents had higher odds of being sleep deprived. Pediatricians and sleep experts should be aware of gender-specific causes and responses of sleep problems. Cultural ecological frameworks need to be considered, and clearly indicate that findings may not generalize to youth from other cultural backgrounds.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, PERFORMANCE AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN THAILAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
CHONNATCHA KUNGWANSUPAPHAN ◽  
JIBON KUMAR SHARMA LEIHAOTHABAM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of female entrepreneurs and business performance, and analyzes the moderating role of institutional capital on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance link. The results of the study highlight the important role of entrepreneurial orientation, including proactiveness, innovativeness and risk-taking, in directing business performance of female entrepreneurs and the complex interplay among entrepreneurial orientation variables. It also indicates that accessibility to institutional capital, through regulative, cognitive and normative dimensions, encourages female entrepreneurs to be more entrepreneurially oriented, thus leading to better business performance. In addition, this research proposes an integrated framework to guide policy makers on how institutional capital can play a crucial role in helping female entrepreneurs, stressing the importance of becoming entrepreneurial oriented and thus, achieving superior business performance.

Children of immigrants and social mobility in officially bilingual societies

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amado Alarcón ◽  
Luis Garzón
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Generation Immigrant ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Local Languages

This article analyses the role of language in the intra- and intergenerational social mobility of Argentinean, Colombian and Moroccan immigrants in Catalonia, an officially bilingual society. We start from the notion that the knowledge and use of and attachment to local languages are affected by the range and importance of opportunities for social mobility offered by the host society. Empirical evidence is based on 45 biographical interviews with members of first generation immigrant groups and their children (raised in Catalonia and currently living outside the family home). We show that the attitudes towards and use of the Catalan language depend on expectations and constraints with regard to upward social mobility. This article questions the causal relationship between languages spoken and job opportunities, postulated by means of the theory of human capital whereby language is only considered as a competitive advantage on the basis of its communicative value.

scholarly journals Technology for Educational Purposes Among Low-Income Latino Children Living in a Mobile Park in Silicon Valley: A Case Study Before and During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-514
Author(s):  
Claire Ji Hee Kim ◽  
Amado M. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Systematic Improvement ◽  
Access To Technology ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Improve Student Learning

Our case study explored the role of technology in education among low-income Latino residents living in a mobile park in Silicon Valley. Through surveys and in-person interviews with parents and children, we report qualitative data on home Internet access and availability of technological devices utilized for school-related purposes. The results of this study indicated that despite having a baseline level of access to technology as well as an understanding of its importance in the context of a child’s education, our study population currently faces significant barriers to having adequate access to technology at home due to socioeconomic barriers. The digital divide in educational technology was magnified when schools were abruptly closed in favor of online instruction for all children due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings strongly support the recommendation that more attention and systematic improvement are required in order to eliminate disparities and improve student learning and parental involvement with schooling for marginalized communities.

scholarly journals Gender Perspective of Rural Livelihood and Household Income: Case Study of a Village in Odisha

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
And Migration

A person’s livelihood consists of her/his abilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A gender analysis in the context of rural livelihood enables us to identify the different activities that men and women do. This paper intends to examine the role of gender in determining livelihood aspects like occupation structure and migration. It also investigates the role played by gender in determining employment, family income, and income distribution of individuals. The study is based on a census of 143 households of a village from the Bhadrak district of Odisha. The study observes significant gender gap in occupation structure, and income distribution across gender. If women are employed, household income increases significantly.

scholarly journals Challenges of Female Entrepreneurs in Transition Countries: Case Study of Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rrezarta Gashi ◽  
Hana Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Countries In Transition

Opportunely in the time of globalization, female entrepreneurs, including those doing business in countries in transition, are moving towards the booming of their businesses. Apart from the advantages they have in the period their countries are transitioning, female entrepreneurs also are faced with many challenges. These challenges are faced by female entrepreneurs who are doing business in Kosovo, which is in a transition period. The challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in the state of Kosovo, apart from economic factors, are also cultural factors. Given the role of small businesses in the country's economic development, a number of these businesses are run by women, ventures also known as small businesses. Through this research paper, we will try to highlight the main challenges of female entrepreneurs are facing in countries in transition, and especially in the state of Kosovo, where through the recommendations collected by this research paper, we believe that we will contribute to female entrepreneurs of this country. Key words: Challenges, Women, Female, Transition, Entrepreneurship, Factors.

scholarly journals Describing pre-professional identity in higher education: A case study of exercise science students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
Kelly Clanchy ◽  
◽  
Clare Minahan ◽  
Elizabeth Cardell ◽  
Andrea Bialocerkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Age Range

Pre-professional identity (PPI) is an understanding of the skills, qualities, conduct, culture and ideology of a students’ intended profession. Understanding PPI is valuable for students and higher-education providers to provide insight into motivation for- and to promote engagement in- learning. Describing PPI is challenging, particularly for evolving health professions. This paper describes a process undertaken to understand PPI, using exercise science (ES), a new and evolving health profession, as a case study. Mixed methods were used to describe three aspects of PPI: 1) student cohort characteristics; 2) personal factors influencing PPI; and 3) perceived career direction. Final year ES students participated in an online survey and a focus group (n=305; 59% male; 75% age range of 20-24 years). Factors contributing to the development of PPI included the desire to help others; interest and experience in sports/exercise. Students had the strongest understanding of the PI domains of affiliation, money and structure and limited understanding of the role of scientist and researcher. Two outcomes were derived from the study findings to advance the theoretical understanding of PPI: 1) a 3-item framework that describes factors specific to students’ PPI; and 2) a worked case study demonstrating how this framework was applied to gain a nuanced understanding of PPI in ES. Our framework can be applied to increase student and higher education providers understanding of PPI and the motivations underpinning student decision-making in higher education.

scholarly journals LUD as an Instrument for (Sub)Metropolitanization: The 1000-District in Rishon-Lezion, Israel as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Weinberg ◽  
Nir Cohen ◽  
Orit Rotem-Mindali
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Metropolitan Center ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Scale Project

Interest in the role of large urban development (LUD) projects in regeneration efforts of cities has risen in recent years. Studies of their planning process have often focused on global cities, examining challenges associated with their joint (public–private) governance structure, as well as those emanating from the need to balance local and global needs and interests. With few exceptions, the ways in which these projects fit in with metropolitan aspirations of small and medium cities were largely overlooked. In this article, we explore how a large-scale project was used by local authorities to reposition a secondary city as a sub-metropolitan center. Using the case of the 1000-District (Mitcham HaElef) in the Israeli city of Rishon-Lezion, it argues that while the project was originally designed to resolve the city’s scarce employment problem, it was gradually used to endow it with higher-order urban qualities, re-situating it as a sub-metropolitan center in the Tel-Aviv area. To support our argument, we focus on the project’s housing and employment components, including changes they were subjected to along the planning process, as well as the marketing campaign, which sought to re-present the city as a viable sub-metropolitan alternative. Drawing on qualitative methods, including personal interviews and content analysis, the article illustrates how one city’s large project is instrumentalized to attain metro-scale objectives. In so doing, it contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complexity of LUD planning, its stated objectives at various scales, and implications for actors in and beyond metropolitan jurisdictions.

Refugee-integration-opportunity structures: shifting the focus from refugees to context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Phillimore
Keyword(s):  
Integration Theory ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Whilst it is increasingly acknowledged that integration is ‘a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents’, the focus in integration theory, policy and practice has been placed upon refugees or migrants themselves. The role of receiving societies in supporting and providing the context for integration has not been systematically interrogated. This article is original in its focus upon the role of receiving societies in shaping refugee-integration outcomes. It attends to multiple interconnecting receiving-society-opportunity structures shifting thinking about refugee integration by asking how refugee-receiving countries influence refugee integration. Introducing five sets of host society opportunity structures: locality, discourse, relations, structure and initiatives and support, the article highlights the impossibility of understanding integration outcomes using the unidimensional models that have largely dominated thinking to date. Instead, a multi-dimensional integration model is proposed that will allow more nuanced understanding of integration processes and how they occur at different levels. The article ends by outlining some ideas around how migration scholars shift their focus from refugee characteristics to understanding better the influence of host society opportunity structures.

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