scholarly journals Concentrations of Metals in Tissues of Cockle Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) from East Java Coast, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agoes Soegianto ◽  
Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto ◽  
Wahyuhani Lutfi ◽  
Firdha Nur Almirani ◽  
Arfian Rahmat Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Anadara Granosa

This study reports the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, and Cr in the cockles (Anadara granosa, Linnaeus, 1758) harvested along the East Java Coast, Indonesia. The concentrations of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and expressed in mg kg-1 wet weight. The concentrations of metals ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 mg kg−1 for Cd, 0.10 to 0.54 mg kg−1 for Pb, 10.22 to 19.04 mg kg−1 for Zn, 0.02 to 1.47 mg kg−1 for Hg, 1.79 to 4.76 mg kg−1 for Cu, and 1.64 to 3.79 mg kg−1 for Cr. The metal concentrations in the whole tissues of cockles were in the order Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>Cd>Pb. The Cd and Pb levels in cockles were found to be higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to EC and FAO; the levels of Hg exceeded the EC, Hong Kong, Australia, and Indonesia standards; and the levels of Cr exceeded the Hong Kong standard. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of cockles indicates that the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the cockle tissues from Gresik were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI); meanwhile, the concentrations of Cr of cockles from all locations were higher than and close to the PTWI. The THQ values for Cd at Gresik, for Hg at Gresik, Surabaya, and Pasuruan, and for Cr at all locations were higher than one indicating that these metals pose potential noncarcinogenic effects to consumers. Reducing the consumption of cockles should be done in order to minimize the adverse effects of metals especially Cd, Hg, and Cr to human health.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on Human Health in Relation to the Consumption of Farmed Sea Bass in Italy: A Meta-Analytical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Di Bella ◽  
Antonino Calagna ◽  
Gaetano Cammilleri ◽  
Pietro Schembri ◽  
Daniela Lo Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Significant Difference

A risk assessment, related to the consumption of farmed sea bass, was carried out by meta-analysis, taking into account the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) reported in the literature, the estimated weekly intake (EWI), the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the target hazard quotient (THQ). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in farmed sea bass marketed in Sicily (Southern Italy) were also assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to have screening data for the comparison with literature results. In any case, the results obtained by meta-analysis and by screening were lower than the pre-established legal limits for each metal. The meta-analysis results showed very low levels of Cd (0.031 μg g–1 w.w.), Pb (0.110 μg g–1 w.w.), and Hg (0.023 μg g–1 w.w.). The EWI estimation confirmed safety limits for human health (0.004, 0.015, and 0.003 μg kg–1 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). Even the THQ demonstrated that farmed sea bass represent a secure food for humans (0.0006, 0.0005, and 0.0048 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). The comparison with our screening data showed a significant difference only for the Pb levels (p < 0.05). The results obtained were compared with the same indexes relative to other food types (meat, cereals, vegetables, etc.). The EWI and THQ calculated were always lower than same indexes relative to other food types considered.

Elevation of Mercury in Human Blood from Controlled Chronic Ingestion of Methylmercury in Fish

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherlock ◽  
J. Hislop ◽  
D. Newton ◽  
G. Topping ◽  
K. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Chronic Ingestion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mercury In Blood ◽  
Blood Mercury Concentration

1 The relationship between the intake of methylmercury in fish and mercury in blood has been investigated in man. 2 The intakes of methylmercury were carefully controlled and lay in the range 40 - 230 μg/day, the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake is equivalent to about 30 μg/day. 3 The results indicate that a daily intake of 1 μg methylmercury would, at equilibrium, produce a blood mercury concentration of 0.8 μg/kg. 4 There is a good close-to-linear correlation between methylmercury intake and blood mercury concentrations within the wide range of intakes employed.

scholarly journals Seasonal concentrations of cesium-137 in rumen content, skeletal muscles and feces of caribou from the Porcupine herd: lichen ingestion rates and implications for human consumption

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Allaye-Chan ◽  
R. G. White ◽  
D. F. Holleman ◽  
D. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Wet Weight

The Porcupine caribou herd was monitored for cesium-137 during 1987 to address human health concerns over potential meat contamination by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident, and to determine lichen intake rates based on body burdens of radiocesium. A total of 36 caribou were collected from northwestern Alaska and the Yukon Territories in March, June, September, and November. Mean radiocesium concentrations in skeletal muscle peaked in March at 133 Bq/kg fresh weight. This value should not prove hazardous to human health. Radiocesium concentrations in skeletal muscle (wet weight) ranged from approximately 22 to 50% of radiocesium concentrations in rumen contents (dry weight), and from approximately 15 to 37% of radiocesium concentrations in feces (dry weight). Radioactivity in feces was significantly correlated with radioactivity in rumen contents. Computer simulations relating lichen intake rates to radiocesium body burdens are presented for 3 scenarios: (1) when seasonal intakes were adjusted to provide the optimum fit between simulated and observed radiocesium body burdens (2) when seasonal intakes were based on empirical data, and (3) when seasonal intakes were adjusted to yield a "conventional" radiocesium curve of a slow fall build-up prior to a late winter plateau.

scholarly journals Deriving “potential target values” of PCDD/F in animal feed: the role of livestock at the interface between feed and food chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Abud Clariget ◽  
Janine Kowalczyk ◽  
Birgit Wobst
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Target Values

AbstractLinking derivation of potential target values of PCDD/Fs in animal feed with risk assessment for consumer protection is a challenge when tolerable weekly intake (TWI) and transfer factors from feed to food are considered. Generally, maximum values for feed and food are set separately without considering the feed and the food producing animal as an important factor along the food chain from farm to fork. Levels of contaminants in feed can accumulate in animals and their products effect consumers at the end of the food chain. Hence, the process of setting legal maximum levels of contaminants should account for transfer from feed consumed by food producing animals into animal products for human consumption. Here, we calculated potential target values of PCDD/F in feed to ensure that animal products such as milk from dairy cows, eggs from laying hens and pork and pork products from fattening pigs are safe for human consumption. In our approach, we calculated potential target values of PCDD/Fs in animal feed using transfer factors for PCDD/F-TEQs from feed to milk fat, eggs fat, and fat in pork and pork products, taking into account the tolerable weekly intake derived by European Food Safety  Authority. We assumed equal proportions of WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ and WHO-PCB-TEQ in feed. Potential target values of PCDD/F in feed are expressed as the quantity of toxicologically evaluated PCDD/Fs, expressed in WHO toxic equivalents (WHO2005-PCDD/F-TEQ) per kg feed with 12% moisture. In the current approach, derived values would be 10–54 times lower than the current legal maximum level of 0.75 ng WHO2005-PCDD/F-TEQ per kg feed (12% moisture), according to Directive 2002/32/EC as amended.

scholarly journals Even in the remote South Pacific, fish are eating plastic – and so are the people who eat those fish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The People ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Potential Risks

Plastics are universally associated with pollutants. Chemicals like bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are commonly bonded to plastics during manufacturing. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) often adsorb onto plastics from surrounding waters when they are released into the ocean. Fish have been shown to ingest plastic and integrate these adsorbed pollutants into their tissues. Since fish are commonly served for human consumption, there are potential risks to human health and development from eating contaminated fish.

scholarly journals Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2587-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soisungwan Satarug ◽  
Scott H. Garrett ◽  
Mary Ann Sens ◽  
Donald A. Sens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Calcium Iron

We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.

scholarly journals Fish consumption is a safe solution to increase the intake of long-chainn-3 fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sioen ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Wim Verbeke ◽  
Frederik Verdonck ◽  
Jan L Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Fatty Fish ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Toxicological Risk ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjectivesDietary intake of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA in developed countries is low compared with recommendations. Fish is naturally rich in LCn-3 PUFA, but is also a dietary source of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We investigated whether the recommendation for LCn-3 PUFA could be reached through fish consumption, without exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake of methylmercury (MeHg) and the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of dioxin-like compounds. Also, the contribution of margarines enriched with LCn-3 PUFA was assessed.DesignPublished nutrient and contaminant data were used in a probabilistic model to calculate the simultaneous nutrient and contaminant intake for different fish consumption scenarios.ResultsThe Belgian recommendation for EPA + DHA (0·3 % of total energy intake) can be reached by consuming fatty fish a minimum of twice a week, or by varying between lean and fatty fish a minimum of three times a week. At this fish consumption level, MeHg intake is not an issue of toxicological concern. The intake of dioxin-like compounds approximates the TWI when consuming fatty fish more than twice a week, this being a potential toxicological risk because other food items also contribute to the weekly intake of dioxin-like compounds. Use of margarine enriched with LCn-3 PUFA can help to increase LCn-3 intake, on average by 159 mg/d.ConclusionsCombination of regular fish consumption (twice a week) with important contribution of fatty fish species, in combination with regular consumption of margarine enriched with EPA + DHA, can be advised to achieve the recommendation for LCn-3 intake.

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