Effects of Preexisting Psychotropic Medication Use on a Cohort of Patients with Ischemic Stroke Outcome

Background. Several studies investigated the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) after ischemic stroke to improve motor recovery. However, little is known about the effects of preexisting psychotropic medication use (PPMU), such as antidepressants, on a long-term ischemic stroke functional disability. Objective. We sought to determine the prevalence of PPMU and whether PPMU relates to the long-term clinical outcome in a cohort of patients presenting with acute ischemic strokes. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 323 consecutive patients who presented with an acute ischemic stroke in a single institution between January 2015 and December 2017. Baseline characteristics, functional disability as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and major adverse cardiovascular complications (MACE) within 365 days were recorded. The comparison groups included a control group of ischemic stroke patients who were not on psychotropic medications before and after the index ischemic stroke and a second group of poststroke psychotropic medication use (PoMU), which consisted of patients started on psychotropic medication during the index admission. Results. The prevalence of PPMU in the studied cohort was 21.4% (69/323). There was a greater proportion of females in the PPMU than in the comparison groups (P<0.001), while vascular risk factors were similar in all groups, except for an increased presence of posterior circulation infarcts in the PPMU (37.4% vs. 18.8%, P<0.001). Among the patients with available 1-year follow-up data (n=246), we noted significantly greater improvement in stroke deficits, measured by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between PPMU and PoMU vs. control (3 (0-7) versus 1 (0-4), P=0.041). The 1-year mRS was worse in PPMU and PoMU compared to the control group (2 (IQ 1-3) vs. 2 (IQ 0-3) vs. 1 (IQ 0-2), respectively, P=0.013), but delta mRS reflecting the degree of mRS improvement showed no significant difference between any PMU and control patients (P=0.76). There was no statistically significant difference in MACE. Conclusion. PPMU in ischemic stroke is common; it can be beneficial in ischemic stroke in the long-term clinical outcome and is not associated with increased risks of MACE.

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Abstract TP150: Effects of Pre-existing Psychotropic Medication Use on a Cohort of Patients With Ischemic Stroke Outcome

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dilip Jayaraman ◽

Nils Henninger ◽

Brian Silver ◽

Majaz Moonis ◽

Anthony Rothschild ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Psychotropic Medication ◽

Medication Use ◽

Female Gender ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Outcome ◽

Stroke Registry ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Although SSRI use for ischemic stroke related motor recovery has been studied with mixed results, the effects of the pre-existing psychotropic medication use (PPMU), such as antidepressants, on a long-term ischemic stroke outcome is unknown. Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of PPMU, and the clinical outcome in a cohort of patients presenting with acute ischemic strokes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 323 consecutive patients who presented with an acute ischemic stroke that were included in an institutional stroke registry between January 2015 and December 2017. Baseline characteristics, functional outcome measured by mRS, cardiovascular complications and death within 90 days and 365 days were recorded. The control was defined as a group of ischemic stroke patients that were not on psychotropic medications pre- and/or post-ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of PPMU in the studied cohort was 21.4% (69/323). The prevalence of female gender in PPMU was higher compared to the control and post stroke-psychotropic medication use groups (P<0.001), and the patients with PPMU had similar vascular risk factors compared to the control (NS), except for an increased presence of hyperlipidemia (68.1% vs. 57.5%, p<0.05). Among the patients with an available 90-day follow-up (n=175) and 365-day follow-up (n=246), there was no statistically significant difference in outcome events of MI, stroke, death, and dementia. The mRS was higher on PPMU and poststroke-psychotropic medication use groups compared to the control group within the 365-day follow-up (P=0.013). Conclusion: The prevalence of PPMU is common in ischemic stroke, and it is not associated with worsened post-stroke complications within 1 year.

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Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy using Penumbra ACETM Aspiration Catheter Compared to Stent Retriever SolitaireTM FR in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11040504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

Dalibor Sila ◽

Markus Lenski ◽

Maria Vojtková ◽

Mustafa Elgharbawy ◽

František Charvát ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Stent Retriever ◽

Good Clinical Outcome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aspiration Technique

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The primary aim of our study was to compare the procedural efficacy of the direct aspiration technique, using Penumbra ACETM aspiration catheter, and the stent retriever technique, with a SolitaireTM FR stent. Secondarily, we investigated treatment-dependent and treatment-independent factors that predict a good clinical outcome. Methods: We analyzed our series of mechanical thrombectomies using a SolitaireTM FR stent and a Penumbra ACETM catheter. The clinical and radiographic data of 76 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Using binary logistic regression, we looked for the predictors of a good clinical outcome. Results: In the Penumbra ACETM group we achieved significantly higher rates of complete vessel recanalization with lower device passage counts, shorter recanalization times, shorter procedure times and shorter fluoroscopy times (p < 0.001) compared to the SolitaireTM FR group. We observed no significant difference in good clinical outcomes (52.4% vs. 56.4%, p = 0.756). Predictors of a good clinical outcome were lower initial NIHSS scores, pial arterial collateralization on admission head CT angiography scan, shorter recanalization times and device passage counts. Conclusions: The aspiration technique using Penumbra ACETM catheter is comparable to the stent retriever technique with SolitaireTM FR regarding clinical outcomes.

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Long-term treadmill training ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertension

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01062.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 663-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yi-Yuan Lin ◽

Shin-Da Lee ◽

Chia-Ting Su ◽

Tsung-Lin Cheng ◽

Ai-Lun Yang

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Treadmill Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nos Inhibitors

Dysfunction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The influence of long-term exercise on vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension remains unclear. We investigated whether long-term treadmill training improved insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise (SHR-EX) groups. The SHR-EX group was trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as the normal control group. After training, aortic insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was evaluated in organ baths. Additionally, the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and aortic protein expression were examined in the three groups. Compared with sedentary SHR and WKY groups, insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced to a nearly normal level in the SHR-EX group. After endothelial denudation, blunted and comparable vasorelaxation was found among the three groups. Pretreatment with selective PI3K and NOS inhibitors attenuated insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation, and no significant difference was found among the three groups after the pretreatment. The aortic protein levels of the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were also significantly increased in the SHR-EX group compared with the other two groups. These results suggested that treadmill training elicited the amelioration of endothelium-dependent insulin/IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation partly via the increased activation of PI3K and NOS, as well as the enhancement of protein levels of IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and eNOS, in hypertension.

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Stigma and attitudes on epilepsy a study: with secondary school students

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2007001000008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Brenda A. Reno ◽

Paula T. Fernandes ◽

Gail S. Bell ◽

Josemir W. Sander ◽

Li M. Li

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

School Students ◽

Lecture Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Appropriate Education ◽

Difference Test

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether an inappropriate attitude towards a person having an epileptic seizure contributes to the stigma found in society and whether an appropriate attitude helps to diminish it in the short term; to perform a long term investigation about information remembered and stigma perception after an educational lecture. METHOD: This study was performed in two steps: Step 1. Students of first year of high school of two schools in Campinas completed a questionnaire including the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy following a seizure demonstration. They were divided into three groups: a) one group had a demonstration of proper attitudes towards someone having an epileptic seizure; b) one group was shown incorrect procedures; c) control group. After the completion of the questionnaire, an educational lecture about epilepsy was given. Step 2: six months later, the questionnaire was re-administered. RESULTS: The comparison between the four groups (step 1 and step 2) show a significant difference (Anova (3,339)=2.77; p=0.042). Pairwise comparison using Fisher's Least-Significant-Difference Test showed a significant difference between the group shown incorrect procedures (step 1) versus step 2, and the control group (step 1) versus step 2, but no difference between the group shown correct procedures (step 1) versus step 2. DISCUSSION: Exhibiting proper attitudes towards a person experiencing an epileptic seizure may cause significant differences among the subjects’ degrees of stigma towards people with epilepsy. It is therefore fundamental that there should be de-stigmatization campaigns provided, to correct information and provide appropriate education.

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What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

Modern Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/mr/roab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vildan Güngörer ◽

Mehmet Öztürk ◽

Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽

Şükrü Arslan

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Term Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Long Term Therapy ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

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Cognitive effect of cilostazol in post stroke cognitive impairment: a prospective study

10.21203/rs.2.9552/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ling-Chun Huang ◽

Sun-Wung Hsieh ◽

Chun-Hung Chen ◽

Yuan-Han Yang

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Antiplatelet Agent ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Control Group ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Whether antiplatelet agents have a preventive effect on cognitive function after ischemic stroke remains unknown. This study examined the potential effect of cilostazol, an antiplatelet agent and cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, on cognitive impairment after stroke in an Asian population. Methods A total of 45 patients using cilostazol (100 mg) twice per day were enrolled as the study group and 45 patients using aspirin (100 mg) or clopidogrel (75 mg) daily were enrolled as the control group. Mini-mental state examination and Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument were administered at the start of the study and after 6 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the cognitive change and cilostazol use. Results Overall, 60-70% of the patients improved their cognition after 6 months follow up. No significant differences were observed in the cognitive change between the cilostazol and control groups. However, the cilostazol group appeared to perform better in the fluency, language and judgment subdomains. Conclusions In the current study, the clinical course of post stroke cognitive changes was described. Although cilostazol did not make a significant difference in cognitive change after ischemic stroke, it may improve fluency, language and judgment subdomains. These findings should be examined further in randomized clinical trials.

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The added value of cognition-targeted exercise versus symptom-targeted exercise for multiple sclerosis fatigue: A randomized controlled pilot trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0258752

Author(s):

Azza Alketbi ◽

Salah Basit ◽

Nouran Hamza ◽

Lori M. Walton ◽

Ibrahim M. Moustafa

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Recruitment Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Entire Study ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Intervention Protocol

Background Fatigue is considered one of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and lacks a current standardized treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a cognition-targeted exercise versus symptom-targeted exercise for MS fatigue. Methods In this Pilot, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, sixty participants with multiple sclerosis, were randomly assigned to either a Cognition-Targeted Exercise (CTE) (N = 30, mean age 41) or a Symptom-Targeted Exercise (STE) (N = 30, mean age 42). The participants in the experimental group received eight, 50-minute sessions of weekly Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in addition to a CTE Program; whereas, participants in the control group received eight, 50-minute sessions of weekly CBT in addition to the standardized physiotherapy program (STE Program). Feasibility was assessed through recruitment rate, participant retention, adherence and safety, in addition to clinical outcome measures, including: (1) Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), (2) Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), (3) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). All outcome measures were assessed at baseline (pretreatment), following completion of the eight visit intervention protocol, and at 3-months follow-up. Results The recruitment rate was 60% and 93% of participants completed the entire study. The recruited participants complied with 98% of the required visits. No adverse events were recorded. A Generalized Estimation Equation Model revealed a significant difference over time as an interaction term during the post and follow up visit for all clinical outcome measures (p < .001). Conclusion The addition of CTE to CBT exhibited positive and more lasting influence on MS fatigue outcomes compared to Symptom-Targeted Exercise (STE). Feasibility and efficacy data from this pilot study provide support for a full-scale RCT of CTE as an integral component of Multiple Sclerosis fatigue management.

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Abstract 145: Development of Novel S100A9 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Thrombus Formation in Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomohiro Kawano ◽

Munehisa Shimamura ◽

Hironori Nakagami ◽

Hiroshi Koriyama ◽

Tsutomu Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Elispot Assay ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Vaccine Group ◽

Autoimmune Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Subclass ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Significant Difference

Background and purpose: Nonadherence of antithrombotic medicine is one of major risk factors for recurrent strokes. Immunotherapy, such as antithrombotic vaccination, is expected to solve such a problem due to its long-lasting effects. Here, we focused on platelet-derived S100A9, which has directly regulate thrombosis without influence on hemostasis, and examined the antithrombotic effects of newly developed S100A9 vaccine in mice. Methods: S100A9 vaccine was designed to select the short peptide as an antigen of S100A9 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Male C57BL/6J mice were immunized with S100A9 vaccine three times at 2 weeks interval. Middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was exposed to topical application of 20% ferric chloride. The time to occlude the MCA was examined measuring cerebral blood flow with a laser doppler flowmeter. Bleeding time was assessed by cutting the tail arteries. The thrombus formation was also assessed using the laminar flow chamber. The influences of vaccine for T-cell activation were assed using an IgG subclass ELISA and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: S100A9 vaccine successfully produced antibodies specific for S100A9 in serum in a dose-dependent manner. After the third immunization, the time to thrombus formation in MCA was significantly prolonged in the mice vaccinated with S100A9 compared to the non-immunized mice (23.3 ± 4.3 min vs 6.9 ± 0.8 min, p<0.01), but bleeding time was same in both groups. There was no significant difference in platelet count in both groups. The formation of platelet thrombus under ex vivo was significantly reduced in S100A9 vaccine group compared to control group (14.8 ± 0.7 x10 4 /μm 2 vs 17.8 ± 0.9 x10 4 /μm 2 , p<0.05). In the IgG subclass ELISA, the IgG1:IgG2b ratio was greater than 1.0 in the S100A9 vaccine group. In the ELISPOT assay using splenocytes isolated from S100A9 immunized mice, stimulation with S100A9 partial peptide did not induce the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in comparison with KLH. Conclusion: The S100A9 vaccine could successfully prevent thrombus formation in MCA without influence on hemostasis nor eliciting an autoimmune response. S100A9 vaccine might shed light on the development of safe antithrombotic vaccine in ischemic stroke.

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Abstract 2922: Patent Foramen Ovale Is A Cause Of Ischemic Stroke In Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a2922 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Shimada

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽

Patent Foramen Ovale ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cryptogenic Stroke ◽

Control Group ◽

Atrial Septal Aneurysm ◽

Foramen Ovale ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by a combination of arterial and/or venous thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss, and can be an independent risk factor for a first-ever ischemic stroke especially in young female patients. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been established as a cause of cryptogenic stroke. Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is associated with PFO. Until recently, the precise pathophysiology of APS as causing ischemic stroke has been essentially unknown. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between APS and potential embolic sources including PFO and ASA using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods: This study was a retrospective case series design. From July 2006 to June 2008, 120 patients with ischemic stroke who admitted to Juntendo University Hospital underwent TEE. In this study period, consecutive ischemic stoke patients diagnosed as APS based on the modified Sapporo criteria were enrolled and classified into APS group. Controls were selected among age- and gender-matched stroke patients without APS who also underwent TEE. We assessed clinical characteristics and presence of embolic sources including PFO and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) between APS and Control groups. Results: Nine of ischemic stroke patients with APS and 41 controls were included. Primary APS was present in one patient (11.1%) of the APS group, and APS with SLE were found in eight patients (88.9%). There is no significant difference in age, risk factors for ischemic stroke, and MRI findings between two groups. The prevalence of PFO and ASA were significantly higher in APS group compared to Control group (89% vs 41%, P=0.027; 67% vs 20%, P=0.015, respectively). C reactive protein was relatively higher in APS group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that PFO (OR: 13.71; 95% CI: 1.01 to 185.62; P=0.049) and ASA (OR: 8.06; 95% CI: 1.17 to 55.59; P=0.034) were independently associated with the APS group. Conclusion: Atrial septal abnormalities including PFO and ASA are strongly associated with APS group, and could be potential embolic sources in ischemic stroke patients with APS.

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Effect of a long-term peroral supplementation with sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex on selenium status in goats and their kids

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/107/2009-vetmed ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 324-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Misurova ◽

L. Pavlata ◽

A. Pechova ◽

R. Dvorak

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Average Activity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a long-term peroral selenium supplementation in the form of sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex by comparing selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of goats and their kids as well as comparing selenium concentrations in goat colostrums. For the study, a total of 27 clinically healthy pregnant white shorthair goats were used. They were divided to three groups, i.e., the control group (C) without any selenium supplementation, sodium selenite group (E1) and selenium lactate-protein complex group (E2). For four months, experimental goats received 0.43 mg of selenium per animal per day in diet; goats from the control group were given 0.15 mg of selenium per animal per day. At the beginning of the experiment, goats of all groups showed an average selenium concentration of 96 μg/l in whole blood. On the parturition day, samples of first colostrum from goats and heparinized blood from goats and kids were taken. In the control group (C), average blood selenium concentrations of 111.4 ± 33.5 μg/l were observed on the parturition day. In both experimental groups, selenium concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Average selenium concentration in the sodium selenite group (E1) was 177.2 ± 34.8 μg/l and in the group supplemented with selenium lactate-protein complex (E2) 159.0 ± 28.5 μg/l. Average glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood of control goats (C) was 581.9 ± 99.2 μkat/l, in group E1 1 154.6 ± 156.2 μkat/l and in group E2 1 011.6 ± 153.6 μkat/l. GSH-Px activity in experimental groups was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Average selenium concentrations in colostrum was in the control group 40.1 ± 12.8 μg/l, in E1 99.0 ± 29.9 μg/l and in group E2 79.0 ± 17.7 μg/l. Colostral selenium concentrations in experimental groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. No significant difference in the monitored parameters was found between experimental groups. In kids of control mothers (kC), average selenium concentrations in blood on the parturition day were 62.4 ± 22.9 μg/l; kids of mothers supplemented with sodium selenite (kE1) showed average selenium levels of 100.0 ± 31.2 μg/l, and the average selenium concentration in kids of mothers receiving lactate-protein complex was 83.4 ± 20.1 μg/l (kE2). Average GSH-Px activity in control kids (kC) was 402.1 ± 153.9 μkat/l. Kids from kE1 showed average activity of GSH-Px 806.1 ± 254.9 μkat/l and kids from group kE2 529.9 ± 119.8 μkat/l. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found only between kC and kE1 which showed significantly higher selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity. The results of this study confirm that both forms of selenium administered in experimental groups (i.e., sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex) had similar biological effect in goats. However, results obtained in kids indicate a better effect of supplementation with sodium selenite.

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