Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Dental Bacteremia Detected by Multiplex PCR Technique

The aim of this study was to detect oral bacteremia and offer the antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial resistance pattern was evaluated in 50 patients. A spectrophotometer device equipped with UV and electrophoresis of the extracted samples on agarose gel for antibiogram test were used. PCR test 15 minutes after tooth extraction showed that bacterial strains were extracted from 16 patients. Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were extracted from 5, 4, 4, 4, and 6 patients. 100% of Lactobacillus, E. faecalis, S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, and S. mutans were sensitive to tigecycline. Most of the Lactobacillus antibiotic resistance was against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance in S. salivarius was observed in 75% of the cases against piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime, while in S. mutans was 84% of the cases against ceftriaxone. The results of the current study showed that tooth extraction causes bacteremia before, during, and after tooth extraction. Generally, the highest antibiotic resistance occurred against tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin-sulbactam. In most cases, the bacteria showed partial resistance to these antibiotics; however, tigecycline showed 100% efficacy on all types of bacteria. Streptococcus strains (salivarius, mutans, and sanguinis) were sensitive to most of the antibiotics while antibiotic sensitivity was less evident in Lactobacillus and E. faecalis. Antibiotic resistance has become a critical issue, since it leads to treatment failure when there is a need for antibiotic therapy.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from UTI patients in Sirajganj district

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22746 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Fouzia Ferdows Khan Chowdhury ◽

Sunjukta Ahsan ◽

Md Shahidul Kabir

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Predominant Pathogen ◽

Male Patients ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of illness in people of all age groups. The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance is now a concern worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic isolated from UTI cases in Sirajganj district. A total of 297 uropathogens were included in this study of which 66 (22.2%) were isolated from male patients and 231 (77.8%) from female patients. Escherichia coli (52.9%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.9%), Proteus spp. (4.7%), Psudomonas spp. (4.4%), Enterobacter spp. (2.4%), Citrobacter spp. (3%) and Morganella spp. (5.7%). Most of the uropathogens were resistant against Ampicillin (AMP). Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic with resistance between 0 and 15.1% of the tested isolates. However, the trend of antibiotic resistance can vary with the change in the environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Accurate diagnosis of UTI and determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is important for selection of appropriate drug for effective treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22746 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 17-20

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Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47176-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 921-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Esvet Mutlu ◽

Allison J. Wroe ◽

Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽

Jon S. Brazier ◽

Ian R. Poxton

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Common Type ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Binary Toxin ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

The Common ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.

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Identification of Hemolysin encoding Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

10.21203/rs.2.16458/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mona Nasaj ◽

Zahra Saeidi ◽

Babak Asghari ◽

Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽

Mohammad Arabestani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Significant Issue ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Encoding Genes

Abstract Objection : Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and also resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results : The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes were determined as 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus ; hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin and the hlb with clindamycin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from faecal wastes in the environment and contaminated surface water

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mathilde Camiade ◽

Josselin Bodilis ◽

Naouel Chaftar ◽

Wassila Riah-Anglet ◽

Johan Gardères ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Pathogenic Species ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Faecal Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas genus, which includes environmental and pathogenic species, is known to present antibiotic resistances, and can receive resistance genes from multi-resistant enteric bacteria released into the environment via faecal rejects. This study was aimed to investigate the resistome of Pseudomonas populations that have been in contact with these faecal bacteria. Thus, faecal discharges originating from human or cattle were sampled (from 12 points and two sampling campaigns) and 41 Pseudomonas species identified (316 isolates studied). The resistance phenotype to 25 antibiotics was determined in all isolates, and we propose a specific antibiotic resistance pattern for 14 species (from 2 to 9 resistances). None showed resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, or polymyxins. Four species carried a very low number of resistances, with none to β-lactams. Interestingly, we observed the absence of the transcriptional activator soxR gene in these four species. No plasmid transfer was highlighted by conjugation assays, and a few class 1 but no class 2 integrons were detected in strains that may have received resistance genes from Enterobacteria. These results imply that the contribution of the Pseudomonas genus to the resistome of an ecosystem first depends on the structure of the Pseudomonas populations, as they may have very different resistance profiles.

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Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v8i1.32391 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 174-177

Author(s):

Rowshan Jahan Akhter ◽

Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽

BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽

MAK Azad Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Haematological Profile ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Different SCCmec and Pulsotypes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Ilam, Iran

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285801711010211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 211-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehdi Abbasi ◽

Majid BaseriSalehi ◽

Nima Bahador ◽

Morovat Taherikalani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Different Types ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Typing Methods ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims & Objectives:The aim of this studyisto evaluate genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and virulence characteristics of different types ofS. aureusisolated from air, surfaces, staff, and patients in a Public hospital in Ilam.Methods & Materials:A total of 88 of 140 staphylococci identified asS. aureusby conventional and molecular methods were used in this study. Isolate samples were obtained from surfaces, staff, patients, and hospital indoor air. The sampling from staff and surfaces was done through using swab and air by standard pump. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and presence different resistant and virulence determinants was assessed. Isolates were then typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmectyping methods.Results:Out of 88isolates, 36 of them (40.9%) were MRSA. Among MRSA isolates, the range of resistance to antibiotic was 0% in vancomycin to 83.3% in gentamycin. The most prevalent resistant genes among gentamicin resistantS. aureuswereacc (6')/aph (2”)Iaandaph(3”)IIIa. The most common erythromycin resistant gene wasermC. Surprisingly, SCCmectypes I (30.5%), II (25%)were highly distributed. PFGE analysis showed 33 different pulsotypes.Conclusion:This study confirms that different isolates of MSSA and MRSA circulate in Ilam which differ in antimicrobial susceptibility, content of resistance, and virulence determinants.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a University Hospital in Al-Kharj City

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v31i530310 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Nehad J. Ahmed ◽

Mohd F. Khan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

University Hospital ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Antibiotics are medications that are used to kill a bacterium which causes different infections. The misuse of these medications has contributed to the development of bacterial resistance. In order to predict the efficacy of the antimicrobial drugs and to guide antimicrobial therapy, antibiogram should be used. Objective: This study aims to explore the Antibiotic resistance patterns in a university hospital in AL-kharj city. Methods: Data from a university hospital in Al-Kharj city were used to assess the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility rates for different types of bacteria. We included all bacterial and fungal cultures in the last 2 years. Results: The most common bacterium was E. coli and the most common fungus pathogen was Candida albicans. There was a low resistance rate to gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem and amikacin for the studied bacteria pathogens and high resistance rate for some antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Conclusion: The physicians should follow the treatment guidelines and they should know the susceptibility rate of different bacteria to prescribe antibiotics appropriately.

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Antibiogram of faecal Streptococci isolates for pollution source determination in the Ikpoba river, Benin City

Tropical Freshwater Biology ◽

10.4314/tfb.v29i2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

C.O Sekegor

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Faecal Coliform ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Faecal Pollution ◽

Benin City ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Effluent Discharge ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Faecal Streptococci

Water samples from various sites of the Ikpoba River, Benin City, were bacteriologically analysed to determine bacterial indicators of faecal pollution and heterotrophic bacterial concentration. Sampling points 1 was the point of drainage discharge from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, 2 was at the Bridge at Upper Mission Road, 3 was the point of effluent discharge from Oredo Local Government Area Abbatoir, 4 was at the Bridge along Benin-Agbor Road and 5 was the point of effluent discharge from Guinness Nigeria PLC. Faecal coliform count was generally high in all sample sites with the point of discharge of effluent from the Abbatoir showing the highest mean count of 1.51 × 107 cfu/ml; and the Bridge at Upper Mission Road had the lowest mean count of 1.20 × 107 cfu/ml. Faecal streptococci count was highest at the point of discharge of effluent from Guinness Nigeria PLC at 8.21 × 107 cfu/ml. while the Bridge at Upper Mission Road had the lowest faecal streptococcus count of 5.83 × 106 cfu/ml. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of faecal streptococci isolates on day 1 were observed to be more susceptible to the battery of antibiotics than faecal streptococci isolates on days 2 and 3. The results of the ratio of faecal coliform to faecal streptococci and the antibiotic resistance pattern on faecal streptococci showed that faecal pollution of the Ikpoba River has both human and animal origin. There are undoubted risks to human health from surface water polluted with animal faeces, nevertheless, it is human faeces that represent a much greater risk and thus constant investigations should be carried out by environment monitoring agencies to evaluate the pollution status of the river and residents around the river should administer filtration techniques before domestic use. Keywords: faecal pollution, faecal streptococci, antibiotic resistance patterns

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Prevalence of methicillin resistance and superantigenic toxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with cancer

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02319-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Effat Abbasi Montazeri ◽

Azar Dokht Khosravi ◽

Saeedeh Khazaei ◽

Ali Sabbagh

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

Southwest Iran ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistance patterns, superantigenic toxins profile, and clonality of this pathogen in patients with cancer. Results In total, 79 (25.7%) isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus species, from which 38 (48.1%) isolates were S. aureus, and 29 (76.3%) isolates were confirmed as MRSA. The highest resistance in MRSA strains was seen against ciprofloxacin (86.2%) and erythromycin (82.8%). Teicoplanin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics. From all MRSA isolates, 3 strains (10.3%) were resistant to vancomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 μg/ml. The prevalence of superantigenic toxins genes was as follows: pvl (10.5%), tsst-1 (36.8%), etA (23.7%), and etB (23.7%). The t14870 spa type with frequency of 39.5% was the most prevalent clone type circulating in the cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed the circulating of spa t14870 as the most predominant MRSA clone in cancer patients of southwest Iran. Also, a diverse antibiotic resistance pattern and toxin profiles were seen among MRSA isolates.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Pediatrics With Ocular Infections: A 6-Year Hospital-Based Study in China

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.728634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Yu Zheng ◽

Bonnie Nga Kwan Choy ◽

Ming-Ming Zhou ◽

Zheng-Yan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Ocular Infection ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mrsa Infection ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen of ocular infections in pediatrics. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and resistance pattern of S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in Chinese children with ocular infections. All patients with S. aureus infections were reviewed at a tertiary children's hospital during 2015–2020, and those with ocular infections were investigated for susceptibility results. Of 1,668 S. aureus strains, there were 177 unique isolates from ocular infection. Among them, 45 (25.4%) were MRSA and 132 (74.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The proportion of MRSA did not change over time. Most of the strains were obtained from the neonate ward and ophthalmology department (n = 88, 49.7%, and n = 85, 48.0%, respectively), while eye secretion and pus were the main specimen types (n = 128, 72.3%, and n = 37, 20.9%, respectively). MRSA was significantly resistant against penicillin class (97.8%), erythromycin (71.1%), clindamycin (71.1%), and tetracycline (32.1%), with a high multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of 71.1%. However, MRSA was highly sensitive to levofloxacin. Resistance rates against erythromycin and ciprofloxacin as well as MDR percentage all increased among MSSA in children above 1 year of age, ophthalmology department, and outpatient population and decreased in eye secretion specimen. The mean resistance percentage remained stable for MRSA and MSSA during the study period. The survey of ocular S. aureus pathogens in pediatrics and their antibiotic resistance patterns helps in clinical treatment. MRSA with many strains demonstrating MDR is highly prevalent in children with ocular infections in Southeast China. Levofloxacin is an effective topical antibiotic for ocular MRSA infection, while erythromycin has a high resistance rate. The antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA and MSSA differs and varies by different stratifications. A cautious use of antibiotics should be considered.

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