scholarly journals Pharmacologic Activities of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Deepak Timalsina ◽  
Krishna Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Deepti Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Respiratory Inflammation ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Scientific Validation ◽  
Review Current

Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air-mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant-derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant-derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.

scholarly journals Role of Iron Chelation and Protease Inhibition of Natural Products on COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carota ◽  
Simone Ronsisvalle ◽  
Federica Panarello ◽  
Daniele Tibullo ◽  
Anna Nicolosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
International Attention

Although the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 callings for international attention to develop new effective therapeutics, no specific protocol is yet available, leaving patients to rely on general and supportive therapies. A range of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, have been associated with higher iron levels that may promote the course of viral infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that some natural components could act as the first barrier against viral injury by affecting iron metabolism. Moreover, a few recent studies have proposed the combination of protease inhibitors for therapeutic use against SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the role of viral protease in virus infectivity. In this regard, this review focuses on the analysis, through literature and docking studies, of a number of natural products able to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting both as iron chelators and protease inhibitors.

scholarly journals High Throughput Virtual Screening to Discover Inhibitors of the Main Protease of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olujide O. Olubiyi ◽  
Maryam Olagunju ◽  
Monika Keutmann ◽  
Jennifer Loschwitz ◽  
Birgit Strodel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Enzyme Dynamics ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Formation ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Approved Drugs

We use state-of-the-art computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques to identify prospective inhibitors of the main protease enzyme, 3CLpro of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19. From our screening of over one million compounds including approved drugs, investigational drugs, natural products, and organic compounds, and a rescreening protocol incorporating enzyme dynamics via ensemble docking, we have been able to identify a range of prospective 3CLpro inhibitors. Importantly, some of the identified compounds had previously been reported to exhibit inhibitory activities against the 3CLpro enzyme of the closely related SARS-CoV virus. The top-ranking compounds are characterized by the presence of multiple bi- and monocyclic rings, many of them being heterocycles and aromatic, which are flexibly linked allowing the ligands to adapt to the geometry of the 3CLpro substrate site and involve a high amount of functional groups enabling hydrogen bond formation with surrounding amino acid residues, including the catalytic dyad residues H41 and C145. Among the top binding compounds we identified several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which include a bioflavonoid, the group of natural products that binds best to 3CLpro. Another class of compounds that decently binds to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease are steroid hormones, which thus may be endogenous inhibitors and might provide an explanation for the age-dependent severity of COVID-19. Many of the compounds identified by our work show a considerably stronger binding than found for reference compounds with in vitro demonstrated 3CLpro inhibition and anticoronavirus activity. The compounds determined in this work thus represent a good starting point for the design of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

scholarly journals N-(1-Phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylate esters in the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1722-1757
Author(s):  
Iwona E Głowacka ◽  
Aleksandra Trocha ◽  
Andrzej E Wróblewski ◽  
Dorota G Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chiral Auxiliary ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Enantioselective Syntheses ◽  
New Procedures

Since Garner’s aldehyde has several drawbacks, first of all is prone to racemization, alternative three-carbon chirons would be of great value in enantioselective syntheses of natural compounds and/or drugs. This review article summarizes applications of N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates, -carbaldehydes and -methanols in syntheses of approved drugs and potential medications as well as of natural products mostly alkaloids but also sphingoids and ceramides and their 1- and 3-deoxy analogues and several hydroxy amino acids and their precursors. Designed strategies provided new procedures to several drugs and alternative approaches to natural products and proved efficiency of a 2-substituted N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine framework as chiron bearing a chiral auxiliary.

scholarly journals Predicting the Drug Safety for Traditional Chinese Medicine through a Comparative Analysis of Withdrawn Drugs Using Pharmacological Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhu Xue ◽  
Shoude Zhang ◽  
Chaoqian Cai ◽  
Xiaojuan Yu ◽  
Lei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Topology Analysis ◽  
Drug Safety Surveillance ◽  
Approved Drugs

As the major issue to limit the use of drugs, drug safety leads to the attrition or failure in clinical trials of drugs. Therefore, it would be more efficient to minimize therapeutic risks if it could be predicted before large-scale clinical trials. Here, we integrated a network topology analysis with cheminformatics measurements on drug information from the DrugBank database to detect the discrepancies between approved drugs and withdrawn drugs and give drug safety indications. Thus, 47 approved drugs were unfolded with higher similarity measurements to withdrawn ones by the same target and confirmed to be already withdrawn or discontinued in certain countries or regions in subsequent investigations. Accordingly, with the 2D chemical fingerprint similarity calculation as a medium, the method was applied to predict pharmacovigilance for natural products from an in-house traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database. Among them, Silibinin was highlighted for the high similarity to the withdrawn drug Plicamycin although it was regarded as a promising drug candidate with a lower toxicity in existing reports. In summary, the network approach integrated with cheminformatics could provide drug safety indications effectively, especially for compounds with unknown targets or mechanisms like natural products. It would be helpful for drug safety surveillance in all phases of drug development.

An analysis of FDA-approved drugs: natural products and their derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Patridge ◽  
Peter Gareiss ◽  
Michael S. Kinch ◽  
Denton Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Pre-clinical study of 21 approved drugs in the mdx mouse

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maïté Carre-Pierrat ◽  
Aude Lafoux ◽  
Guillaume Tanniou ◽  
Lucie Chambonnier ◽  
Alexandra Divet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Approved Drugs

scholarly journals Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Augmenting Cancer Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13044
Author(s):  
Ari Meerson ◽  
Soliman Khatib ◽  
Jamal Mahajna
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in several types of solid tumors. In some cases, CSC may be the source of all the tumor cells, the cause of the tumor’s resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and the source of metastatic cells. Thus, a combination therapy targeting non-CSC tumor cells as well as specifically targeting CSCs holds the potential to be highly effective. Natural products (NPs) have been a historically rich source of biologically active compounds and are known for their ability to influence multiple signaling pathways simultaneously with negligible side effects. In this review, we discuss the potential of NPs in targeting multiple signaling pathways in CSC and their potential to augment the efficacy of standard cancer therapy. Specifically, we focus on the anti-CSC activities of flavonoids, FDA-approved drugs originating from natural sources. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of NPs in targeting microRNA-mediated signaling, given the roles of microRNA in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype.

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Loverdos ◽  
Georgios Bellos ◽  
Louiza Kokolatou ◽  
Ioannis Vasileiadis ◽  
Evangelos Giamarellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
Review Current

A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes and phenotypes of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. In this article, we specifically review current evidence on the characteristics of lung microbiome, and specifically the bacteriome, the modes of interaction between lung microbiota and host immune system, the role of the “lung–gut axis”, and the functional effects thereof on asthma pathogenesis. We also attempt to explore the possibilities of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome, aiming at the establishment of asthma prevention strategies and the optimization of asthma treatment.

scholarly journals HSP60/10 chaperonin systems are inhibited by a variety of approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mckayla Stevens ◽  
Sanofar Abdeen ◽  
Nilshad Salim ◽  
Anne-Marie Ray ◽  
Alex Washburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Approved Drugs

Phytochemicals as Potential Curative Agents against Viral Infection: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 2356-2366
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Garima Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs ◽  
New Chemical Entity

The present pandemic erupted due to highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2, and lack of any efficient therapy to restrain its infection and treatment, led the scientific community to re-evaluate the efficacy of commonly available phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents. The vast pharmacological activities and medicinal significance of the plant-derived natural products against a diverse range of physiological disorders and diseases are well documented. Under the current health emergency across the world, there is an urgent requirement of repurposing of the available FDA approved drugs and natural products which could help in controlling the infections and alleviating the severity of the diseases as discovering entirely new chemical entity as a novel drug would be a protracted and costly journey. Some of the phytochemicals have already displayed potential anti-viral activity against different targets of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present review would provide an account of the prevalent phytochemicals with antiviral activities, which would help in the development of promising drug therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 and similar such highly infectious viruses.

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