Efficacy and Safety of Immunosuppressant Therapy for Noninfectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. To analyze efficacy and safety of immunosuppressant therapy for noninfectious uveitis. Methods. A network search of PubMed, ResearchGate, and EMBASE databases was conducted for relative literature and studies from the inception of each database to April 2021. Primary outcomes were efficacy and time to treatment failure of immunosuppressant for noninfectious uveitis. Secondary outcome was incidence of adverse events (AEs). Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess risk of bias of included studies. Fixed effects model or random effects model was implemented to assess statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was employed to analyze heterogeneous sources. Results. Eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion with a total of 848 patients. Six studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Among them, a single-blind RCT had relatively high measurement bias and performance bias. Immunosuppressant presented favorable efficacy for noninfectious uveitis than placebo, and RR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.12-1.82). Immunosuppressant for noninfectious uveitis prolonged the time before failure, and HR was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.32-0.54). AEs increased after immunosuppressant was applied. Compared with immunosuppressant, RR of AEs with placebo was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71-1.08). Conclusion. Immunosuppressant contributed to controlling progression of noninfectious uveitis to some extent. Compared with placebo, it increased incidence of AEs. More studies with low heterogeneity are warranted for stronger evidence in clinical.

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Systemic therapy for nonmetastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC): A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 113-113

Author(s):

Ellen Cusano ◽

Richard M. Lee-Ying ◽

Devon J. Boyne ◽

Darren Brenner ◽

Marcus Vaska

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Castrate Resistant ◽

The Cochrane Collaboration

113 Background: The treatment landscape for M0 CRPC has changed following the demonstrated efficacy of new agents in recent randomized control trials (RCT). However, the comparative effectiveness of these novel agents is unknown. This NMA indirectly compared the efficacy and safety of available therapies for M0 CRPC. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (Ovid), EBM Reviews, HealthSTAR, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, and TRIP Database was performed. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals were extracted for the primary outcome metastasis-free survival (MFS) and the secondary outcomes overall survival (OS) and grade 3 or higher adverse events (AE). Bone MFS was used as a surrogate for MFS when MFS was not reported. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A Bayesian NMA was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results: Four RCT were analyzed (n=5549). Each trial compared either apalutamide (APA), enzalutamide (ENZA), darolutamide (DARO), or denosumab (DENO) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to placebo plus ADT. Risk of bias was low. For MFS, APA and ENZA had similar efficacy (Table), and Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Analysis demonstrated a 59% probability that APA was preferred for MFS, followed by ENZA (41%). There was a trend for improved OS for APA, DARO and ENZA, but no meaningful differences between these agents. APA, ENZA, and DARO had a similar risk of AEs and all had a greater risk of AEs compared to DENO. Conclusions: APA and ENZA appear to be the most efficacious treatments for MFS in M0 CRPC, though more data for OS is required. Compared to DARO, APA and ENZA’s demonstrated efficacy is not at the expense of added toxicity.[Table: see text]

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Efficacy and safety of daptomycin: systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1177/2049936119886465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 204993611988646

Author(s):

María Teresa Rosanova ◽

David Bes ◽

Pedro Serrano-Aguilar ◽

Norma Sberna ◽

Estefania Herrera-Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Failure ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Failure Rates ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Central Register

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether daptomycin is safer and more efficacious than comparators for the treatment of serious infection caused by gram-positive microorganisms. Methods: Electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinical registered trials) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy and safety of daptomycin versus therapy with any other antibiotic comparator. Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed a quality assessment and extracted the data. Heterogeneity was assessed, and a random-effects or fixed-effects model, when appropriate, was used for estimates of risk ratio (RR). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of clinical treatment failure among the intention-to-treat population and the presence of any treatment related adverse event (AEs). Results: A total of seven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Daptomycin treatment failure rates were no different to comparator regimens (RR = 0.96; CI 95% 0.86–1.06). No significantly different treatment related AEs were identified when comparing groups (RR = 0.91; CI 95% 0.83–1.01). Conclusions: No significant differences in treatment failure rates and safety were found using daptomycin or any of the comparators treatment.

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Efficacy and safety of iron supplementation in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency: a meta-analysis

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451900014x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (8) ◽

pp. 841-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuo Zhang ◽

Fengxiao Zhang ◽

Meng Du ◽

Kun Huang ◽

Cheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Randomised Control Trials ◽

The Cochrane Library

AbstractFe therapy can be effective in heart failure patients both with and without anaemia. However, the role of Fe therapy in such patients is still uncertain. In this review, the aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fe therapy in adult patients with heart failure who have reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials) were searched up to December 2017 and the reference lists of relevant articles obtained from the search were reviewed. Data extracted from randomised control trials (RCT) selected for the review were pooled using a fixed effects model or a random effects model, according to heterogeneity between trials. Nine RCT were included in this meta-analysis which included a total of 789 patients who received Fe therapy and who in turn were compared with 585 controls. There was significant improvement in the 6-min walk test (19·05 m, 95 % CI 10·48, 27·62) and peak VO2/kg (0·93 ml/kg per min, 95 % CI 0·16, 1·69) in the Fe supplementation arm. With Fe therapy, fewer patients were hospitalised for heart failure (OR: 0·42, 95 % CI 0·27, 0·65), but no relationship was found for total re-hospitalisation (OR: 0·70, 95 % CI 0·32, 1·51) or mortality (OR: 0·70, 95 % CI 0·38, 1·28). Fe therapy has the potential to improve exercise tolerance, reduce re-hospitalisations for patients with HFrEF having Fe deficiency. In addition, Fe supplementation was found to be safe, with no increased rate of adverse events.

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Therapeutic efficacy of alternative primaquine regimens to standard treatment in preventing relapses by Plasmodium vivax: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v46i4.2098 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 183-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lina Marcela Zuluaga Idarraga ◽

Maria Eulalia Tamayo Perez ◽

Daniel Camilo Aguirre Acevedo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Standard Regimen

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of primaquine regimens currently used to prevent relapses by P. vivax. Methods: A systematic review was carried out to identify clinical trials evaluating efficacy and safety to prevent malaria recurrences by P. vivax of primaquine regimen 0.5 mg / kg / day for 7 or 14 days compared to standard regimen of 0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Efficacy of primaquine according to cumulative incidence of recurrences after 28 days was determined. The overall relative risk with fixed-effects meta-analysis was estimated. Results: For the regimen 0.5 mg/kg/day/7 days were identified 7 studies, which showed an incidence of recurrence between 0% and 20% with follow-up 60-210 days; only 4 studies comparing with the standard regimen 0.25 mg/kg/day/14 days and no difference in recurrences between both regimens (RR= 0.977, 95% CI= 0.670 to 1.423) were found. 3 clinical trials using regimen 0.5 mg/kg/day/14 days with an incidence of recurrences between 1.8% and 18.0% during 330-365 days were identified; only one study comparing with the standard regimen (RR= 0.846, 95% CI= 0.484 to 1.477). High risk of bias and differences in handling of included studies were found. Conclusion: Available evidence is insufficient to determine whether currently PQ regimens used as alternative rather than standard treatment have better efficacy and safety in preventing relapse of P. vivax. Clinical trials are required to guide changes in treatment regimen of malaria vivax.

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Moxibustion for Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Meta-Analysis

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/5551196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Yuanen Huang ◽

Jingping Wu ◽

Hongbin Cheng ◽

Yanling Liu

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Control Sample ◽

Experimental Sample ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease that mainly causes severe segmental neuralgia and vesicles after infection with herpes zoster virus (VZV). At the same time, more than 9 to 34 percent of patients have postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) present with chronic pain for months or even years. Moxibustion has been used to treat herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia for many years; however, there has been no comprehensive study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. More studies evaluated the combined effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate their efficacy and safety, so as to provide an evidence-based basis for the clinical application of moxibustion in the treatment of HZ and PHN. Method. The literature search was conducted in nine Chinese and English databases, and randomized controlled trials were pooled from their inceptions to June 2020. The included literature was screened, and data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 software and Stata software were used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was the total effect. The secondary outcomes include VAS, NRS, and time of analgesia. Outcomes. From a total of 1957 identified studies, 31 were included in analysis (N = 2334 cases). 31 RCTs contained the experimental sample of 1185 cases and the control sample of 1149 cases reported efficiency of different moxibustions in the treatment of herpes zoster, statistical heterogeneity inspection without heterogeneity. So, we used the fixed-effects model, merge effect quantity OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 2.88∼5.25), Z = 8.86, and it suggested sample merger analysis was statistically significant. Also, the moxibustion, compared to other methods in the treatment of herpes zoster and herpes zoster neuralgia efficiency, increased significantly. The VAS scales, WMD = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.17∼2.22), and the time of analgesia, WMD = 2.41 (95% CI: 3.26∼1.73), indicated that moxibustion surpassed others in the relief of pain. NRS was just reported in one study. It was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in adverse effects OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.33∼1.13), Z = 1.56 ( P = 0.12). Conclusion. Moxibustion has obvious advantages over other therapies in the treatment of HZ and PHN. However, due to the obvious publication bias, the interpretation of the results should be cautious, and more rigorous randomized controlled clinical studies should be included to further confirm the results in the future.

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Prolonging the flush-lock interval of totally implantable venous access ports in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Journal of Vascular Access ◽

10.1177/1129729820950998 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112972982095099

Author(s):

Xiaohong Wu ◽

Tiantian Zhang ◽

Lichan Chen ◽

Xisui Chen

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Monthly Interval ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Recently, some studies have shown that prolonging flush interval is safe and feasible for patients who complete chemotherapy. However, there is no consensus about the optimal flush interval for those patients. Objective: The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether the flush interval could be prolonged based on monthly interval for regular maintenance and to explore the optimal flush interval. Data sources: We searched the following databases for articles published between 1 January 1982 and 21 February 2020: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Ovid. Study eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials, retrospective and prospective cohort studies of flush interval less than 4 weeks versus longer than 4 weeks for patients who completed chemotherapy, were included. Results: Two reviewers extracted information and assessed the quality of the articles independently. In total, 389 articles were retrieved, and 4 studies including 862 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no statistical heterogeneity ( I2 = 0, p > 0.05) among the included studies. Hence, the fixed-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the total complication rate associated with longer than 4-week interval was higher than that associated with less than 4-week interval. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the two groups (7.2% vs 7.6%, p = 0.83). Moreover, the meta-analysis showed that the total complication and catheter occlusion rates associated with the 4-week interval were higher than those associated with the 8-week interval. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (total complications: 11.4% vs 9.5%, p = 0.68; catheter occlusions: 4.9% vs 4.1%, p = 0.89). Limitations: Only four non-randomized controlled studies were included, and the outcomes of the included studies were reported incompletely. Conclusion: Extending the flush interval to longer than 4 weeks is safe and feasible. Based on previous studies, extending the flush interval to 8 weeks might not increase the incidence of total complications and catheter occlusions. However, there is no conclusion on whether the flush interval could be extended to 3 months or longer.

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Efficacy and Safety of rt-PA Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Wake-up Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-371117/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongfa Liu ◽

Jianghong Luo ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

Ziliang Zhang ◽

Wei Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽

Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Safety Outcomes

Abstract Background Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is one of the most effective therapies for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, wake-up stroke (WUS) is typically excluded from intravenous thrombolytic therapy because the time of symptom onset is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in patients with WUS by meta-analysis. Methods We completed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and SinoMed and included relevant studies of WUS patients covering rt-PA thrombolysis and nonthrombolysis (published from January 1, 2000, to February 28, 2021, with no language restrictions). Primary outcomes included safety outcomes and functional outcomes. Safety outcomes was measured according to the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and mortality within 90 days. Efficacy outcomes was measured based on 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. We assessed pooled data using either a random-effects model (when P < 0.10, I2 > 50%) or a fixed-effects model (when P > 0.10, I2 < 50%). Results Nine studies with 913 patients were included in the meta-analysis. All patients had ischemic stroke confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The incidence of mRS 0–2 was significantly higher in the rt-PA thrombolysis group compared with the nonthrombolysis group. And rt-PA thrombolytic WUS patients did not differ significantly from nonthrombolytic WUS patients in terms of 90-day mortality. However, the rate of SICH was also significantly higher in the rt-PA thrombolysis group than that in the nonthrombolysis group. Conclusions Patients with WUS who received rt-PA thrombolysis had a significant positive effect within 90 days. In addition, although there is no significant increase in mortality, we need to be aware of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage transformation associated with rt-PA thrombolysis despite no obvious increase in mortality. The safety of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis should be closely monitored in patients with WUS.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis about the Effect of Bisphosphonates on the Risk of Skeletal-Related Event in Men with Prostate Cancer

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200521114815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 1604-1612

Author(s):

Congcong Wu ◽

Hua Jiang ◽

Jianghua Chen

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Related Event ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Related Event

Background: Although the adjuvant therapy of bisphosphonates in prostate cancer is effective in improving bone mineral density, it is still uncertain whether bisphosphonates could decrease the risk of Skeletal- Related Event (SRE) in patients with prostate cancer. We reviewed and analyzed the effect of different types of bisphosphonates on the risk of SRE, defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy to the bone, surgery to bone, hypercalcemia, bone pain, or death as a result of prostate cancer. Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and related bibliographies. The emphasis during data extraction was laid on the Hazard Ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) from every eligible Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). HR was pooled with the fixed effects model, and preplanned subgroup analyses were performed. Results: 5 RCTs (n = 4651) were included and analyzed finally after screening 51 articles. The meta-analysis of all participants showed no significant decrease in the risk of SRE when adding bisphosphonates to control group (HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679). There was no significant improvement on SRE neither in the subgroups with Metastases (M1) or Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (CSPC) (respectively HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679; HR = 0.954, 95% CI = 0.837 - 1.088, p = 0.484, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 3) p = 0.534). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that bisphosphonates could not statistically significantly reduce the risk of SRE in patients with prostate cancer, neither in the subgroups with M1 or CSPC.

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Statin use and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139172 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2020-139172

Author(s):

Rimesh Pal ◽

Mainak Banerjee ◽

Urmila Yadav ◽

Sukrita Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Risk Estimates ◽

Statin Use

PurposeObservations studies have shown that prior use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. However, the available data are limited, inconsistent and conflicting. Besides, no randomised controlled trial exists in this regard. Hence, the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide an updated summary and collate the effect of statin use on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 using unadjusted and adjusted risk estimates.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till December 18 2020, to identify observational studies reporting clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients using statins versus those not using statins. Prior and in-hospital use of statins were considered. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Unadjusted and adjusted pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsWe included 14 observational studies pooling data retrieved from 19 988 patients with COVID-19. All the studies were of high/moderate quality. Pooled analysis of unadjusted data showed that statin use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.50, p=0.94, I2=94%, random-effects model). However, on pooling adjusted risk estimates, the use of statin was found to significantly reduce the risk of adverse outcomes (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.63, p<0.0005, I2=0%, fixed-effects model).ConclusionsStatin use is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Individuals with multiple comorbidities on statin therapy should be encouraged to continue the drug amid the ongoing pandemic.

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Comparative efficacy and safety of interventions for treating head lice: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e001129

Author(s):

Bill Stevenson ◽

Wubshet Tesfaye ◽

Julia Christenson ◽

Cynthia Mathew ◽

Solomon Abrha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Head Lice ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundHead lice infestation is a major public health problem around the globe. Its treatment is challenging due to product failures resulting from rapidly emerging resistance to existing treatments, incorrect treatment applications and misdiagnosis. Various head lice treatments with different mechanism of action have been developed and explored over the years, with limited report on systematic assessments of their efficacy and safety. This work aims to present a robust evidence summarising the interventions used in head lice.MethodThis is a systematic review and network meta-analysis which will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement for network meta-analyses. Selected databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials exploring head lice treatments. Searches will be limited to trials published in English from database inception till 2021. Grey literature will be identified through Open Grey, AHRQ, Grey Literature Report, Grey Matters, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry. Additional studies will be sought from reference lists of included studies. Study screening, selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be undertaken by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved via a third reviewer. The primary outcome measure is the relative risk of cure at 7 and 14 days postinitial treatment. Secondary outcome measures may include adverse drug events, ovicidal activity, treatment compliance and acceptability, and reinfestation. Information from direct and indirect evidence will be used to generate the effect sizes (relative risk) to compare the efficacy and safety of individual head lice treatments against a common comparator (placebo and/or permethrin). Risk of bias assessment will be undertaken by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guideline for network meta-analysis. All quantitative analyses will be conducted using STATA V.16.DiscussionThe evidence generated from this systematic review and meta-analysis is intended for use in evidence-driven treatment of head lice infestations and will be instrumental in informing health professionals, public health practitioners and policy-makers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073375.

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