scholarly journals Repetitions of Strenuous Exercise Consistently Increase Paraoxonase 1 Concentration and Activity in Plasma of Average-Trained Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik ◽  
Monika Orłowska-Majdak ◽  
Robert Stawski ◽  
Urszula Szkudlarek ◽  
Piotr Kosielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
The Third

Objectives. Oxidative stress, induced by physical activity, may stimulate the expression, release, and activity of certain antioxidant enzymes. We investigated the effect of three repeated bouts of strenuous exercise on paraoxonase 1 concentration (PON1c) and paraoxonase activity (PON). Methods. Eleven average-trained healthy men (age 34.0 ± 5.2 years) performed three strenuous exercise tests on a treadmill separated by 72 hours periods of resting. PON1c, PON, ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP), lipid profile, C-reactive protein concentration (CRP), and lactate concentration were determined in plasma. Results. Each exercise bout resulted in similar PON1c, PON, FRAP, and high-density lipoprotein concentration (HDL-C) increments, while PON/HDL-C ratio remained stable in all repetitions. Percentage increments at the bout of each exercise were higher for PON1c (by 64.82% at the first, by 92.9% at the second, and by 77.02% at the third exercise) than for PON (by 6.49% at the first, 10.06% at the second, and by 12.32% at the third exercise). Association was found between preexercise PON and PON1c ( r = 0.56 , p = 0.029 ), pre- ( r = 0.87 , p = 0.00003 ) and postexercise HDL-C ( r = 0.6 , p = 0.0002 ), preexercise PON and cardiovascular fitness level of participants measured as VO2max ( r = 0.39 , p = 0.026 ), and postexercise PON and lactate concentration ( r = 0.44 , p = 0.01 ). Conclusions. PON1c and PON increase during strenuous exercise, yet the effect of exercise on PON1 concentration is more pronounced. PON1 does not show tolerance to physical activity. The enzyme may provide short-term protection from oxidative stress in each exercise bout. PON may depend on exercise load. Cardiovascular fitness levels may be associated with PON1 activity.

scholarly journals Sitagliptin-Dependent Differences in the Intensity of Oxidative Stress in Rat Livers Subjected to Ischemia and Reperfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Trocha ◽  
Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka ◽  
Anna Merwid-Ląd ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Małgorzata Pieśniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Rat Livers

Purpose. Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is the main cause of liver damage after transplantation. We evaluated the effect of sitagliptin (STG) on oxidative stress parameters in the rat liver under IR. Methods. Rats were treated with STG (5 mg/kg) (S and SIR) or saline solution (C and CIR). Livers from CIR and SIR were subjected to ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (24 h). During reperfusion, aminotransferases (ALT and AST) were determined in blood samples. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the mRNA expression of SOD1 were determined in liver homogenates after reperfusion. Different regions of livers were also histologically evaluated. Results. The PON1 activity was higher, and the TBARS level was lower in SIR than in CIR. There was an inverse relationship between TBARS and PON1 levels in the whole cohort. The GPx activity was lower in ischemic than in nonischemic groups regardless of the STG treatment. In SIR, the SOD1 activity was higher compared to that in CIR. In S, the expression of SOD1 mRNA was the highest of all examined groups and positively correlated with the SOD1 activity in the whole animal cohort. During IR aminotransferases, the activity in the drug-treated group was lower in all examined points of time. In drug-treated groups, the percentage of steatosis was higher than that in nontreated groups regardless of IR. Conclusions. The protective effect of STG on the rat liver, especially its antioxidant properties, was revealed under IR conditions.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Insufficiency, Abdominal Sepsis, and Patients’ Age Are Associated with Decreased Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) Activity in Critically Ill Patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Bednarz-Misa ◽  
Magdalena Mierzchala-Pasierb ◽  
Patrycja Lesnik ◽  
Sylwia Placzkowska ◽  
Krzysztof Kedzior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
A Site

Oxidative stress and uncontrolled inflammation are hallmarks of sepsis, leading to organ failure and death. As demonstrated in animal studies, oxidative stress can be alleviated by antioxidant therapies. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a serum-based antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, detoxifier, and quorum-sensing factor found to be a prognostic marker in sepsis. However, its associations with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a complication of sepsis and the leading cause of death in the surgical intensive care units (ICU), as well as with specific organ dysfunction, infection site, and invading pathogen remain unknown. Therefore, we measured arylesterase activity of PON1 in 87 individuals (35 with MODS) and related it to the clinical type, organ failure, infection site, pathogens, and hematological and biochemical indices of inflammation at admission to ICU and during a five-day follow-up. Suitability of PON1 and its indices derived from a follow-up as biomarkers in MODS was evaluated as well. MODS was associated with decreased PON1, more so in patients with septic shock, displaying an excellent accuracy as a marker of MODS (91%) and a fair one as a marker in differentiating septic shock from severe sepsis (76%). Decreased admission PON1 accompanied cardiovascular insufficiency (CVI), and, as its marker, PON1 displayed a good accuracy (82%). It was also associated with the abdomen as a site of infection but not with an invading pathogen. In multivariate analysis, 50% of variability in PON1 activity in patients with MODS was explained by the patients’ age, CVI, and abdomen as a site of infection. Patients with septic shock, CVI, and abdominal MODS had distinctly different dynamics of PON1 during a follow-up. Mean PON1 activity during the follow-up reflected the associations observed for admission PON1 but was also significantly associated with metabolic dysfunction. Our results show PON1 potential as a biomarker in MODS, particularly as an indicator of CVI.

Frequency of Human Paraoxonase-1 Q192R Polymorphism and Measurement of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Infants with G6PD Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Pourshafiei ◽  
Vahide Jamshidi ◽  
Ameneh Khodarahmi ◽  
Mahmood Vakili
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Q192r Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Q192R polymorphism and oxidative stress markers in infants with glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study in which 60 male infants (2-4 months old) with G6PD deficiency along with 60 age- and sexmatched healthy neonates were included. The diagnosis of G6PD deficiency was made by Beutler test by which the G6PD enzyme activity is measured by the fluorescent spot test. The blood samples were taken from all infants, and the sera were isolated for the evaluation of Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) using the spectrophotometric method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied for determination of Q192R polymorphism (rs 662). Results: The frequencies of QQ, QR, and RR genotypes were 55%, 39%, and 6%, respectively in infants with G6PD deficiency while the above genotype frequencies were 45%, 49%, and 6%, respectively in healthy neonates. The frequency of R and T alleles failed to show any significant difference when G6PD deficient infants and healthy neonates were compared. The results indicated PON1 activity and MDA levels being significantly (p<0.05) higher in neonates with G6PD deficiency compared with their healthy counterparts. Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, it was indicated that the presence of RQ and RR genotypes at Q192R position is associated with decreased activity of PON1 and increased oxidative stress. In this study, no significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequency of PON1 Q192R polymorphism between the case and control groups. Also, this frequency was not consistent with the results obtained from oxidative stress conditions.

Acetaminophen intoxication is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Karadas ◽  
M Aslan ◽  
H Gonullu ◽  
C Kati ◽  
L Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Toxicity Risk ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Acetaminophen Intoxication ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase ◽  
Serum Pon1 Activity

Background: Acetaminophen is at present one of the most commonly used analgesics and antipyretics. Recent evidence has suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of acetaminophen intoxication. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role as an endogenous free-radical scavenging molecule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Methods: A total of 20 patients with acetaminophen intoxication and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, and paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The serum TAC levels and the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in patients with acetaminophen intoxication compared with controls (all, p < 0.001), while the serum LOOH levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that decreased PON1 activity seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Measuring serum PON1 activity may be useful in assessing the development of toxicity risk in acetaminophen toxicity. It would be useful to recommend vitamins with antioxidant effects such as vitamins C and E along with medical treatments.

Serum paraoxonase activity and oxidative stress levels in patients with cutaneous anthrax

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-669
Author(s):  
S Karadas ◽  
M Aslan ◽  
MR Ceylan ◽  
M Sunnetcioglu ◽  
N Bozan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Paraoxonase Activity ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It has been suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of B. anthracis. The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in patients with cutaneous anthrax. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with cutaneous anthrax and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The serum MDA levels, SOD levels, paraoxonase, arylesterase, and catalase activities were measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: The serum SOD levels, paraoxonase, arylesterase, and catalase activities were significantly lower in patients with cutaneous anthrax than in controls (for all, p < 0.001), whereas MDA levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between serum paraoxonase activity, arylesterase activity, SOD levels, and MDA levels (all, p > 0.05) in patients with cutaneous anthrax. Conclusions: The current study was the first to show decreased antioxidant levels and increased oxidant levels in patients with cutaneous anthrax. Therefore, decreased PON1 activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous anthrax.

Effects of training with different interval exercises on horses used for show jumping

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Munk ◽  
S. Møller ◽  
A. Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Show Jumping

Studies examining the effect of conditioning programs to improve the fitness of horses used in show jumping (Show Jumpers) are not available. Therefore, the effects of conditioning with 3 different interval type exercises were examined on 20 Show Jumpers divided into 3 groups matched by age and jumping performance level. Horses participated in 2 conditioning periods (CP) each of 6 weeks separated by 6 weeks without interval exercise. Training during a CP was the same for all horses but for one specific interval type exercise bout every 5th day. The specific interval exercise bouts were termed Gallop (n=13), Sprint (n=14) and Jump (n=13) and consisted of 4 times 90 s sessions each: Gallop were runs at the heart rate producing a blood lactate concentration (LA) of 4 mmol/l, Sprint were accelerations on the long-sides and decelerations in the short-sides of an arena, and Jump consisted of jumping obstacles of increasing height. Horses were submitted to 3 different standardised exercise tests (SET) before and after each CP: SETv4 (v4 is the speed at which a blood LA of 4 mmol/l is determined), SETjump (16 one jump obstacles in an elliptical course) and SETcourse (11 obstacles at the level of individually adjusted maximal degrees of difficulty). SETv4 showed that the v4 increased more in the Gallop (n=7) and Jump groups (n=7) than in the Sprint group (n=6). These results are based on fewer horses than the others because weather conditions did not allow for running this SET after the second period of conditioning. SETjump showed that blood LA and the level of fatigue estimated by the rider decreased after all interval type exercise bouts. A subjective fatigue score used by the rider in SETcourse improved regardless of the conditioning type of the horses, while their jumping technique improved with Gallop and Jump interval exercise only. Also the blood LA after SETcourse was lower after conditioning with Gallop and Jump interval exercise and the jumping technique improved according to an experienced independent observer in horses conditioned with Gallop, remained the same with Jump and decreased with Sprint interval exercise. In conclusion, all interval type exercise bouts examined improved parameters of fitness, but Gallop and Jump interval exercise improved more parameters than Sprint interval exercise bouts (v4, blood LA and fatigue level assessed by the rider after Gallop and Jump interval exercise; blood LA and fatigue level assessed by the rider after Sprint exercise), and Gallop as well as Jump interval exercise bouts improved the jumping technique too (as assessed by the rider and the independent observer for Gallop, and by the rider only after Jump interval exercise).

scholarly journals Glutathione ameliorates liver markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ahmadvand ◽  
Esmaeel Babaeenezhad ◽  
Maryam Nasri ◽  
Leila Jafaripour ◽  
Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver Markers

Introduction: Glutathione (GSH) protects the tissue and cell from oxidative injury. Objectives: In the current study, we investigated the possible effects of GSH on liver markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in rat with renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=8). Group I (the control group), group II (the RIR group) received saline (0.25 mL/d, intraperitoneally; i.p.), group III as the RIR group that received GSH (100 mg/kg/d, i.p.). The treatment with saline or GSH began daily 14 days before RIR induction. RIR was induced by clamping renal pedicles for 45 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. Results: RIR significantly increased the serum level of nitric oxide (NO), the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the serum and renal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the serum activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, RIR significantly decreased the serum and renal levels of GSH, serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and the serum and renal activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). GSH administration could significantly improve the serum activities of AST, GGT, MPO, GPX and PON1 and serum levels of NO, renal MDA, GSH levels, and serum and also renal CAT activities. Conclusion: Our study indicated that GSH administration ameliorated RIR injury in rats by improving the activities of liver markers and antioxidant enzymes, the levels of MDA, NO, GSH and MPO activity.

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