scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Patterns of Burned Areas Based on the Geographic Information System for Fire Risk Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Deasy Arisanty ◽  
Muhammad Muhaimin ◽  
Dedi Rosadi ◽  
Aswin Nur Saputra ◽  
Karunia Puji Hastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis ◽  
In Fire

Forest and land fires occur every year in Indonesia. Efforts to handle forest and land fires have not been optimal because fires occur in too many places with unclear patterns and densities. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas and fire density in fire-prone areas in Indonesia. Data of burned areas were taken from http://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. The website collected its data from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) images. Data were analyzed using the hot spot analysis to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of the burned areas and the kernel density analysis to examine the density of land fires. Findings showed that the spatiotemporal pattern from 2016 to 2019 formed a hot spot value in the peatland area with a confidence level of 90–99%, meaning that land fires were clustered in that area. In addition, the highest density of land fires also occurred in the peatland areas. Clustered burned areas with high fire density were found in areas with low–medium vegetation density—they were the peatland areas. The peatland areas must become the priority to prevent and handle forest and land fires to reduce fire risks.

scholarly journals Calibration of FARSITE fire area simulator in Iranian northern forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 6201-6240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jahdi ◽  
M. Salis ◽  
A. A. Darvishsefat ◽  
F. J. Alcasena Urdiroz ◽  
V. Etemad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
In Fire

Abstract. Wildfire simulators based on empirical or physical models need to be locally calibrated and validated when used under conditions that differ from those where the simulators were originally developed. This study aims to calibrate FARSITE fire spread model considering a set of recent wildfires occurred in Northern Iran forests. Site specific fuel models in the study areas were selected by sampling the main natural vegetation type complexes and assigning standard fuel models. Overall, simulated fires presented reliable outputs that accurately replicated the observed fire perimeters and behavior. Standard fuel models of Scott and Burgan (2005) afforded better accuracy in the simulated fire perimeters than the standard fuel models of Anderson (1982). The best match between observed and modeled burned areas was observed on herbaceous type fuel models. Fire modeling showed a high potential for estimating spatial variability in fire spread and behavior in the study areas. This work represents a first step in the application of fire spread modeling on Northern Iran for wildfire risk monitoring and management.

scholarly journals Calibration of FARSITE simulator in northern Iranian forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jahdi ◽  
M. Salis ◽  
A. A. Darvishsefat ◽  
M. A. Mostafavi ◽  
F. Alcasena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
In Fire

Abstract. Wildfire simulators based on empirical or physical models need to be locally calibrated and validated when used under conditions that differ from those where the simulators were originally developed. This study aims to calibrate the FARSITE fire spread model considering a set of recent wildfires that occurred in northern Iranian forests. Site-specific fuel models in the study areas were selected by sampling the main natural vegetation type complexes and assigning standard fuel models. Overall, simulated fires presented reliable outputs that accurately replicated the observed fire perimeters and behavior. Standard fuel models of Scott and Burgan (2005) afforded better accuracy in the simulated fire perimeters than the standard fuel models of Anderson (1982). The best match between observed and modeled burned areas was observed on herbaceous fuel models. Fire modeling showed a high potential for estimating spatial variability in fire spread and behavior in the study areas. This work represents a first step in the application of fire spread modeling in northern Iran for wildfire risk monitoring and management.

scholarly journals Using the Landsat Burned Area Products to Derive Fire History Relevant for Fire Management and Conservation in the State of Florida, Southeastern USA

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Casey Teske ◽  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Todd J. Hawbaker ◽  
Joe Noble ◽  
John Kevin Hiers
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Burn Probability

Development of comprehensive spatially explicit fire occurrence data remains one of the most critical needs for fire managers globally, and especially for conservation across the southeastern United States. Not only are many endangered species and ecosystems in that region reliant on frequent fire, but fire risk analysis, prescribed fire planning, and fire behavior modeling are sensitive to fire history due to the long growing season and high vegetation productivity. Spatial data that map burned areas over time provide critical information for evaluating management successes. However, existing fire data have undocumented shortcomings that limit their use when detailing the effectiveness of fire management at state and regional scales. Here, we assessed information in existing fire datasets for Florida and the Landsat Burned Area products based on input from the fire management community. We considered the potential of different datasets to track the spatial extents of fires and derive fire history metrics (e.g., time since last burn, fire frequency, and seasonality). We found that burned areas generated by applying a 90% threshold to the Landsat burn probability product matched patterns recorded and observed by fire managers at three pilot areas. We then created fire history metrics for the entire state from the modified Landsat Burned Area product. Finally, to show their potential application for conservation management, we compared fire history metrics across ownerships for natural pinelands, where prescribed fire is frequently applied. Implications of this effort include increased awareness around conservation and fire management planning efforts and an extension of derivative products regionally or globally.

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on spatiotemporal patterns of tropical cyclone tracks and their implications for coastal agriculture in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

AbstractImportant aspects for understanding the effects of climate change on tropical cyclones (TCs) are the frequency of TCs and their tracking patterns. Coastal areas are increasingly threatened by rising sea levels and associated storm surges brought on by TCs. Rice production in Myanmar relies strongly on low-lying coastal areas. This study aims to provide insights into the effects of global warming on TCs and the implications for sustainable development in vulnerable coastal areas in Myanmar. Using TC records from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship dataset during the 30-year period from 1983 to 2012, a hot spot analysis based on Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics was conducted to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of TC tracks along the coast of Myanmar. The results revealed notable changes in some areas along the central to southern coasts during the study period. These included a considerable increase in TC tracks (p value < 0.01) near the Ayeyarwady Delta coast, otherwise known as “the rice bowl” of the nation. This finding aligns with trends in published studies and reinforced the observed trends with spatial statistics. With the intensification of TCs due to global warming, such a significant increase in TC experiences near the major rice-producing coastal region raises concerns about future agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Coupling ITO3dE model and GIS for spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-wen Zhu ◽  
Zhi-min Yang ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Yu-cheng Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Matrix Kernel ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

AbstractTo determine the risk state distribution, risk level, and risk evolution situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS), we built an ‘Input-Translate-Output’ three-dimensional evaluation (ITO3dE) model that involved 12 factors under the support of GIS and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AGNPS risks from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing by using GIS space matrix, kernel density analysis, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Land use changes during the 10 years had a certain influence on the AGNPS risk. The risk values in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were in the ranges of 0.40–2.28, 0.41–2.57, and 0.41–2.28, respectively, with the main distribution regions being the western regions of Chongqing (Dazu, Jiangjin, etc.) and other counties such as Dianjiang, Liangping, Kaizhou, Wanzhou, and Zhongxian. The spatiotemporal transition matrix could well exhibit the risk transition situation, and the risks generally showed no changes over time. The proportions of ‘no-risk no-change’, ‘low-risk no-change’, and ‘medium-risk no-change’ were 10.86%, 33.42%, and 17.25%, respectively, accounting for 61.53% of the coverage area of Chongqing. The proportions of risk increase, risk decline, and risk fluctuation were 13.45%, 17.66%, and 7.36%, respectively. Kernel density analysis was suitable to explore high-risk gathering areas. The peak values of kernel density in the three periods were around 1110, suggesting that the maximum gathering degree of medium-risk pattern spots basically showed no changes, but the spatial positions of high-risk gathering areas somehow changed. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was suitable to explore the relationships between hot and cold spots. Counties with high pollution risks were Yongchuan, Shapingba, Dianjiang, Liangping, northwestern Fengdu, and Zhongxian, while counties with low risks were Chengkou, Wuxi, Wushan, Pengshui, and Rongchang. High-value hot spot zones gradually dominated in the northeast of Chongqing, while low-value cold spot zones gradually dominated in the Midwest. Our results provide a scientific base for the development of strategies to prevent and control AGNPS in Chongqing.

SYNCHRONIZATION PHENOMENA IN NETWORKS OF COUPLED RELAXATION ELECTROCHEMICAL OSCILLATIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 1951-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIS KARANTONIS ◽  
MICHAEL PAGITSAS ◽  
YASUYUKI MIYAKITA ◽  
SEIICHIRO NAKABAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Phase Relation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Network Geometry ◽  
Weakly Coupled

Networks of weakly coupled discrete electrochemical oscillators have the ability of synchronizing rapidly in-phase or out-of-phase, depending on the network geometry. It is shown that a network consisting of N relaxation electrochemical oscillators, coupled through inhibitory connections, can have (N - 1)! coexisting out-of-phase states, each state being a permutation of a periodic spiking sequence. The out-of-phase states can be modified by shots of laser pulse perturbations and the phase relation is stored as a coded spatiotemporal pattern. The ability of the network to function as a re-writable memory of (N - 1)! different spatiotemporal patterns is demonstrated experimentally for N = 4.

The Human Reliability Analysis in Fire PSA Using Spar-H Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Human Reliability Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
In Fire

According to existing research results, fire risk makes a significant contribution to the total risk of a nuclear power plant (NPP). So fire probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) for NPPs is becoming more and more important in recent years. How to perform human reliability analysis (HRA) which is an essential part of PSA is therefore being paid more and more attention in fire PSA. This paper describes the characteristics and special considerations of HRA in fire PSA, and demonstrates in fire PSA how to use SPAR-H method which is so-called an advanced second-generation HRA method and is being widely used in PSA for Chinese NPPs. The study results can be a reference for other HRA analysts to use SPAR-H method in fire PSA models or other PSA models in Chinese NPPs or the world-wide nuclear industry.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Knowledge in Fire Risk Reduction in a Dong Minority Rural Village in China: A Health-EDRM Education Intervention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ying Yang Chan ◽  
Holly Ching Yu Lam ◽  
Phoebe Pui Wun Chung ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Tony Ka Chun Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
In Fire

scholarly journals Propagating Wave and Irregular Dynamics: Spatiotemporal Patterns of Cholinergic Theta Oscillations in Neocortex In Vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weili Bao ◽  
Jian-Young Wu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Local Oscillators ◽  
Theta Oscillation

Neocortical “theta” oscillation (5–12 Hz) has been observed in animals and human subjects but little is known about how the oscillation is organized in the cortical intrinsic networks. Here we use voltage-sensitive dye and optical imaging to study a carbachol/bicuculline induced theta (∼8 Hz) oscillation in rat neocortical slices. The imaging has large signal-to-noise ratio, allowing us to map the phase distribution over the neocortical tissue during the oscillation. The oscillation was organized as spontaneous epochs and each epoch was composed of a “first spike,” a “regular” period (with relatively stable frequency and amplitude), and an “irregular” period (with variable frequency and amplitude) of oscillations. During each cycle of the regular oscillation, one wave of activation propagated horizontally (parallel to the cortical lamina) across the cortical section at a velocity of ∼50 mm/s. Vertically the activity was synchronized through all cortical layers. This pattern of one propagating wave associated with one oscillation cycle was seen during all the regular cycles. The oscillation frequency varied noticeably at two neighboring horizontal locations (330 μm apart), suggesting that the oscillation is locally organized and each local oscillator is about ≤300 μm wide horizontally. During irregular oscillations, the spatiotemporal patterns were complex and sometimes the vertical synchronization decomposed, suggesting a de-coupling among local oscillators. Our data suggested that neocortical theta oscillation is sustained by multiple local oscillators. The coupling regime among the oscillators may determine the spatiotemporal pattern and switching between propagating waves and irregular patterns.

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