Primary Fallopian Tube Cancer in an 89-Year-Old Patient

Fallopian tube cancer is an extremely rare gynecological condition, accounting for just 1 to 2% of all female tract malignancies. The mean age of diagnosis is similar to that of ovarian cancer, between 60 and 75 years, but it can affect a wide spectrum of ages. Advanced age and family history of ovarian and breast cancer are the main risk factors, since they are associated with increased incidence of this uncommon entity. In this study, we report a rare case of an elderly, 89-year-old patient that presented to our clinic due to vaginal bleeding.

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Breast cancer risk estimates using the Gail Model in women from an annual screening program in Southern Brazil

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20045 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 20045-20045

Author(s):

V. Belo Reyes ◽

G. Skonieski ◽

J. Zignani ◽

A. Bedin ◽

R. Giugliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Screening Program ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Gail Model ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Risk Estimates ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

20045 Background: The Gail model is widely used to estimate breast cancer (BC) risk. It has been validated as a reliable risk predictor in North America, but very few studies have been done in other countries. This study intends to examine the estimated BC risk using the Gail Model in a sample of women from Southern Brazil a region with the highest BC incidence and mortality rates of the country. Methods: Lifetime and 5-year BC risk estimates were obtained for the first 1002 asymptomatic women (ages 40–69 years) enrolled in an annual BC screening program. The frequency of each of the model’s variables was recorded and compared to other studies. Information about family history (FH) included: presence of bilateral BC, male BC, first degree relative with BC and/or ovarian cancer (OC), relative with BC under age 50 and ≥ 2 relatives with either BC, OC or colorectal cancer (CRC). Other potential risk factors for BC such as body mass index and smoking were recorded. Results: Mean (± SD) values for age, age at menarche and age at birth of the first live child were 50.4 (± 7.75), 13.0 (± 1.80), and 21.6 (± 5.00) years, respectively. Only 50 (5.0%) women were nulliparous and 62 (6.2%) reported their first live birth after age 30. History of at least one first-degree relative (FDR) affected with BC was reported by 52 (5.2%), and 31 (3.1%) had a previous breast biopsy. The mean estimated BC risk in 5 years was 0.92% (± 0.49); for those under age 60, 24 (2.8%) had an estimated 5-yr risk over 1.66%. The mean estimated lifetime BC risk was 7.80 (± 3.2). Interestingly, a history of cancer in a FDR was reported by 32.6% of the women, and evidence of familial BC was observed in 20.4%. The estimated BC risk using the Gail model was significantly higher in women with a family history of BC < 50ys and with ≥ 2 relatives with either BC, OC or CRC. Smoking and overweight were reported by 28% and 65% of the women, respectively. Conclusions: BC risk estimates obtained with the Gail Model did not differ significantly from those described in other populations. However, specific findings in cancer FH were associated with higher risk estimates. The importance of FH and overweight will be further explored in a larger sample. Population-specific risk factors for BC should be sought in different communities to ensure proper risk estimates. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Patterns of Sequelae in Women with a History of Localized Breast Cancer: Results from the French VICAN Survey

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13051161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1161

Author(s):

Lidia Delrieu ◽

Liacine Bouaoun ◽

Douae El Fatouhi ◽

Elise Dumas ◽

Anne-Deborah Bouhnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Latent Class ◽

Early Stage ◽

Current Analysis ◽

Functional Pain ◽

Cognitive Sequelae ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants ◽

Changes Over Time

Breast cancer (BC) remains complex for women both physically and psychologically. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the evolution of the main sequelae and treatment two and five years after diagnosis in women with early-stage breast cancer, (2) explore patterns of sequelae associated with given sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. The current analysis was based on 654 localized BC patients enrolled in the French nationwide longitudinal survey “vie après cancer” VICAN (January–June 2010). Information about study participants was collected at enrollment, two and five years after diagnosis. Changes over time of the main sequelae were analyzed and latent class analysis was performed to identify patterns of sequelae related to BC five years after diagnosis. The mean age (±SD) of study participants at inclusion was 49.7 (±10.5) years old. Six main classes of sequelae were identified two years and five years post-diagnosis (functional, pain, esthetic, fatigue, psychological, and gynecological). A significant decrease was observed for fatigue (p = 0.03) and an increase in cognitive sequelae was reported (p = 0.03). Two latent classes were identified—functional and esthetic patterns. Substantial sequelae remain up to five years after BC diagnosis. Changes in patient care pathways are needed to identify BC patients at a high risk.

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Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Basavaraj PG ◽

Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽

Chidanand Galagali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Positive History ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

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Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer: a case control study from rural India

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v14i3.21865 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vaishali R Mohite ◽

Asha K Pratinidhi ◽

Rajsinh Vishwasrao Mohite

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Reproductive Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Reproductive Risk Factors ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Strength Of Association

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and is influenced by reproductive factors perceived by women worldwide.Aims: To identify the reproductive risk factors of breast cancer in newly diagnosed cases and to find out the strength of association of the risk factors with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in Satara district, India during year 2009 to 2011 among newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and matched controls. A total of 434 participants including 217 cases and 217 controls were enrolled by purposive sampling technique from selected hospitals of study area. The information was collected by employing pre-tested questionnaire by utilizing interview method. Statistical Analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio and Chi-square test was used to find out strength of association and statistical significant difference. Results: Highest proportion [31.80%] breast cancer cases was in age group 40-49 years with lowest age of 25 years at diagnosis of the disease. A very high proportion of both cases [88.02%] and controls [67.28%] were Hindu by religion and were from rural residence. Maximum proportion of breast cancer cases were housewives [63.59%], literate [71.42%] and from upper economic class [56.68%]. The proportions of cases were higher as compared to the controls with respect to risk factors like unmarried status, nulliparity, history of abortion, post menopausal status, absence of breast feeding and the history of exposure to hormonal contraceptives. The risk of getting breast cancer as indicated by Odds ratio was 8 times higher in unmarried women, 2.8 times in nulliparous women, 2.4 times with post menopausal status, 10.4 times with absence of breast feeding, 1.5 times with exposure to hormonal contraceptives and 4.5 times with history of ovarian disease respectively. Conclusion: The reproductive risk factors such as unmarried status of women, nulliparity, menopause, absence of breast feeding, history of ovarian disease and use of contraceptives were strongly associated with breast cancer.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.258-264

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Risk factors for deep surgical site infection following thoracolumbar spinal surgery

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2019.8.spine19479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 292-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hansen Deng ◽

Andrew K. Chan ◽

Simon G. Ammanuel ◽

Alvin Y. Chan ◽

Taemin Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Spine Surgery ◽

Thoracolumbar Spine ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Site Infection ◽

Asa Classification ◽

Estimated Blood Loss ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

OBJECTIVESurgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery causes major morbidity and greatly impedes functional recovery. In the modern era of advanced operative techniques and improved perioperative care, SSI remains a problematic complication that may be reduced with institutional practices. The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize the SSI rate and microbial etiology following spine surgery for various thoracolumbar diseases, and 2) identify risk factors that were associated with SSI despite current perioperative management.METHODSAll patients treated with thoracic or lumbar spine operations on the neurosurgery service at the University of California, San Francisco from April 2012 to April 2016 were formally reviewed for SSI using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) guidelines. Preoperative risk variables included age, sex, BMI, smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), ambulatory status, history of malignancy, use of preoperative chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) showers, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Operative variables included surgical pathology, resident involvement, spine level and surgical technique, instrumentation, antibiotic and steroid use, estimated blood loss (EBL), and operative time. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors for SSI. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported.RESULTSIn total, 2252 consecutive patients underwent thoracolumbar spine surgery. The mean patient age was 58.6 ± 13.8 years and 49.6% were male. The mean hospital length of stay was 6.6 ± 7.4 days. Sixty percent of patients had degenerative conditions, and 51.9% underwent fusions. Sixty percent of patients utilized presurgery CHG showers. The mean operative duration was 3.7 ± 2 hours, and the mean EBL was 467 ± 829 ml. Compared to nonfusion patients, fusion patients were older (mean 60.1 ± 12.7 vs 57.1 ± 14.7 years, p < 0.001), were more likely to have an ASA classification > II (48.0% vs 36.0%, p < 0.001), and experienced longer operative times (252.3 ± 120.9 minutes vs 191.1 ± 110.2 minutes, p < 0.001). Eleven patients had deep SSI (0.49%), and the most common causative organisms were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Patients with CAD (p = 0.003) or DM (p = 0.050), and those who were male (p = 0.006), were predictors of increased odds of SSI, and presurgery CHG showers (p = 0.001) were associated with decreased odds of SSI.CONCLUSIONSThis institutional experience over a 4-year period revealed that the overall rate of SSI by the NHSN criteria was low at 0.49% following thoracolumbar surgery. This was attributable to the implementation of presurgery optimization, and intraoperative and postoperative measures to prevent SSI across the authors’ institution. Despite prevention measures, having a history of CAD or DM, and being male, were risk factors associated with increased SSI, and presurgery CHG shower utilization decreased SSI risk in patients.

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Clusters of the Risk Markers and the Pattern of Premature Coronary Heart Disease: An Application of the Latent Class Analysis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.707070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Jahangiry ◽

Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽

Mahdi Najafi ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

High Probability ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Risk Markers ◽

History Of ◽

Opium Addiction ◽

The Mean

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the world with a significant impact on the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify prematurity among patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on the clustering of CHD risk factors.Methods: Patients were recruited from an existing cohort of candidates for CABG surgery named Tehran Heart Center Coronary Outcome Measurement (THC-COM). A latent class analysis (LCA) model was formed using 11 potential risk factors as binary variables: cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of CHD, alcohol use, opium addiction, hypertension, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLP). We analyzed our data to figure out how the patients are going to be clustered based on their risk factors.Results: For 566 patients who were studied, the mean age (SD) and BMI of patients were 59.1 (8.9) and 27.3 (4.1), respectively. The LCA model fit with two latent classes was statistically significant (G2 = 824.87, df = 21, p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of patients for Class I and Class II was 55.66 (8.55) and 60.87 (8.66), respectively. Class I (premature) was characterized by a high probability of smoking, alcohol consumption, opium addiction, and a history of MI (P < 0.05), and class II by a high probability of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.Conclusion: Latent class analysis calculated two groups of severe CHD with distinct risk markers. The younger group, which is characterized by smoking, addiction, and the history of MI, can be regarded as representative of premature CHD.

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Re: Risk Factors for Breast Cancer According to Family History of Breast Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/88.14.1003 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 88 (14) ◽

pp. 1003-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. PARAZZINI ◽

C. L. VECCHIA ◽

L. CHATENOUD ◽

E. NEGRI ◽

S. FRANCESCHI

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

History Of

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An Epidemiological Assessment of Endometrial Carcinoma Including Demographics and Histopathological Correlation, from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (30) ◽

pp. 2751-2756

Author(s):

Jeenu Babu ◽

Reeba George Pulinilkunnathil ◽

Bindu R. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

South India ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Endometrial Biopsy ◽

Prognostic Indicators ◽

Histopathological Correlation ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is also the second most common gynaecologic malignancy in developing countries, with an incidence of 5.9 per 100,000 women. Due to the multiple modifiable factors, a better understanding of the prognostic indicators can lead to early detection and treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the distribution of various risk factors, epidemiological factors, and histological patterns of patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma in a tertiary teaching hospital in south India and compare them with similar studies. The compiled findings of 60 consecutive cases that presented to our tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, south India, over oneand-a-half-year period were studied. METHODS This study was essentially an ex post facto retrospective study done on 60 patients for one and half years. Retrospective data collection and compilation were done with previously prepared structured questionnaires in patients with histologically proven endometrial carcinoma. All cases were subjected to hysterectomy with post-surgical histopathology correlation. A study of the risk factors, general epidemiological characteristics, endometrial biopsy findings, and post-surgical histopathology was done. RESULTS The mean age at presentation was 59.83 years. The mean age of menarche was 13.72 years, and menopause was 49.42 years. The majority of patients were married, multiparous, and presented with bleeding per vaginum (77 %). 61.7 % of the patients had a history of hypertension, 31.7 % had a history of hypothyroidism, and 43.3 % had a history of diabetes mellitus in the study population. The most common histopathological type by endometrial biopsy and histopathological correlation was endometrioid adenocarcinoma (88.3 %). CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal age group, with early menarche and late menopause, high body mass index (BMI), thickened endometrium on ultrasound, and atrophic uterus were some of the features associated with endometrial carcinoma. The most common histological subtype was found to be endometrioid carcinoma KEYWORDS Endometrial Carcinoma, Risk Factors, Prognostic Indicators

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A retrospective study on breast cancer presentation, risk factors, and protective factors in patients with a positive family history of breast cancer

The Breast Journal ◽

10.1111/tbj.13520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 469-473

Author(s):

Ying Yi Liaw ◽

Foong Shiang Loong ◽

Suzanne Tan ◽

Sze Yun On ◽

Evelyn Khaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Family History ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Positive Family History ◽

History Of

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Predictors of mammographic density among women with a strong family history of breast cancer

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-019-5855-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olivia Moran ◽

Andrea Eisen ◽

Rochelle Demsky ◽

Kristina Blackmore ◽

Julia A. Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Family History ◽

Mammographic Density ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Percent Density ◽

Strong Family History ◽

Dense Area ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. In the general population, mammographic density can be modified by various exposures; whether this is true for women a strong family history is not known. Thus, we evaluated the association between reproductive, hormonal, and lifestyle risk factors and mammographic density among women with a strong family history of breast cancer but no BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Methods We included 97 premenopausal and 59 postmenopausal women (age range: 27-68 years). Risk factor data was extracted from the research questionnaire closest in time to the mammogram performed nearest to enrollment. The Cumulus software was used to measure percent density, dense area, and non-dense area for each mammogram. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between breast cancer risk factors and measures of mammographic density, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Among premenopausal women, those who had two live births had a mean percent density of 28.8% vs. 41.6% among women who had one live birth (P=0.04). Women with a high body weight had a lower mean percent density compared to women with a low body weight among premenopausal (17.6% vs. 33.2%; P=0.0006) and postmenopausal women (8.7% vs. 14.7%; P=0.04). Among premenopausal women, those who smoked for 14 years or longer had a lower mean dense area compared to women who smoked for a shorter duration (25.3cm2 vs. 53.1cm2; P=0.002). Among postmenopausal women, former smokers had a higher mean percent density (19.5% vs. 10.8%; P=0.003) and dense area (26.9% vs. 16.4%; P=0.01) compared to never smokers. After applying the Bonferroni correction, the association between body weight and percent density among premenopausal women remained statistically significant. Conclusions In this cohort of women with a strong family history of breast cancer, body weight was associated with mammographic density. These findings suggest that mammographic density may explain the underlying relationship between some of these risk factors and breast cancer risk, and lend support for the inclusion of mammographic density into risk prediction models.

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