scholarly journals Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Soil Management Practices and Their Interaction on Cambisols and Chernozem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Nigussie ◽  
Wassie Haile ◽  
Getachew Agegnehu ◽  
Alemayehu Kiflu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Rotation System

Although numerous factors contribute to wide yield gaps, low external inputs, particularly N, and poor cropping practices such as soil tillage and monocropping are among the major factors affecting low maize production. In view of this, field experiments were implemented on two sites with Cambisols and Chernozem soil types in two consecutive years to evaluate the impacts of different soil management practices on the grain yield and quality, nitrogen uptake, and selected soil properties. A three-factor experiment was arranged as a split-split plot arrangement randomized complete block design with three replications. The minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) were used as the main plot, haricot bean-maize rotation and maize monocropping were used as the subplot, and four levels of nitrogen fertilization (control, 20 t ha-1 compost, 46 kg N ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 compost, and 92 kg N ha−1) were used as the sub-subplot. Analysis of variance showed that soil management practices were significantly affecting grain yield, N-uptake, and soil properties. In sites, the conventional tillage and rotation system increased the grain yield and N-uptake in contrast to the minimum tillage and monocropping, respectively. Similarly, nitrogen evidently affected the grain yield, N-uptake, and selected soil properties. However, tillage methods differed in their effects on soil chemical properties; soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were improved through MT compared to CT. Grain yield was significantly associated with NDVI, grain N-content, and N-uptake. Therefore, a CT plus haricot bean-maize rotation system with the addition of solely 92 kg N ha−1 and integrated 46 kg N ha−1 + 10 t compost ha−1 could be recommended for Hawassa Zuria (Cambisols) and Meskan (Chernozem) districts, respectively. However, in order to ensure sustainable maize production in the investigated areas, an integrated N treatment with MT and a rotation system may be recommended, which could improve soil properties.

scholarly journals Associations Between Different Soil Management Practices, Soil Fauna and Maize Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Privado Martins ◽  
Glécio Machado Siqueira ◽  
Emanoel Gomes de Moura ◽  
Raimunda Alves Silva ◽  
Anágila Janenis Cardoso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Maize Grain

Soil fauna play an important role in ecosystems, and in this context, it is important to better understand how the abiotic and biotic drivers of these organisms interact. We hypothesize that soil fauna are affected by different soil management practices, which has an influence on maize grain yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure of soil fauna under different soil management practices and their associations with maize grain yield. The experiment was conducted in Maranhão, Brazil, in an area divided into 24 plots of 4 × 10 m in a randomized block design with six treatments with four replicates (R). Pitfall traps were placed in the area. The treatments were Leucaena leucocephala-Leucaena (L), nitrogen (N), humic acid + nitrogen (HA + N), nitrogen + Leucaena (N + L), humic acid + Leucaena (HA + L) and humic acid + nitrogen + Leucaena (HA + N + L). The soil fauna dominance, abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and maize grain yield were determined. Formicidae was clearly affected by management with Leucaena, while Coleoptera was affected by management with nitrogen. Despite this, Isopoda and Diplura were the only groups associated with the maize yield. Although fauna abundance did not differ among treatments, it was related to the yield. This study confirms that the abundance and some taxa of soil fauna can influence yield and that these organisms can be used to increase agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ BIỆN PHÁP KỸ THUẬT CANH TÁC ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN VÀ NĂNG SUẤT CỦA GIỐNG NGÔ LAI HQ2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1878-1887
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Trung Hải ◽  
Trần Thanh Đức ◽  
Vi Thị Linh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Methods

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của các biện pháp làm đất và mật độ trồng khác nhau đến quá trình sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế của giống ngô lai HQ2000 trên đất cát nội đồng trong vụ Đông Xuân năm 2018-2019 tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Thí nghiệm thứ nhất gồm 3 công thức gồm làm đất truyền thống, làm đất tối thiểu và không làm đất trong đó thí nghiệm thứ hai gồm 4 công thức với mật độ gieo trồng lần lượt là 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 cây/ha. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy: Thời gian hoàn thành các giai đoạn sinh trưởng và phát triển ở các biện pháp làm đất tối thiểu có xu hướng ngắn hơn các công thức làm đất truyền thống; chiều cao cây cuối cùng dao động từ 154 đến 175cm, số lá dao động từ 16 đến 18 lá, diện tích lá đóng bắp có xu hướng giảm ở các công thức làm đất tối thiểu trong khi các yếu tố khác như chiều cao đóng bắp, chiều dài bắp, đường kính bắp và đường kính lóng gốc ở các công thức thí nghiệm dao động tương đối ít. Năng suất lý thuyết dao động từ 61 đến 72 tạ/ha, năng suất thực thu đạt cao nhất là 59,8 tạ/ha ở công thức không làm đất. Đối với biện pháp canh tác truyền thống, năng suất đạt cao nhất ở mật độ 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha (63,4 tạ/ha). Ở các công thức thí nghiệm, lợi nhuận đạt cao nhất ở công thức không làm đất và ở mật độ trồng là 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha, tương đương 61.538 cây/ha.  ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the impact of different tillage methods and planting densities on the growth, development, grain yield and economic efficiency of hybrid maize HQ2000 on sandy soil in the 2018-2019 Winter-Spring season in Thua Thien Hue province. The first trial consisted of three treatments including conventional tillage, limited tillage and no tillage; the second trial consisted of four treatments with planting density of 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 plants/ha, respectively. Experimental results showed that: The completed time of the growth and development stages at the minimum tillage methods was shorter than conventional tillage treatments; final plant height varied from 154 to 175cm, the number of leaves ranged from 16 to 18 leaves, the leaf area at ​​corn position decreased in minimum tillage treatments while other factors such as ear height, ear length, ear diameter and stalk diameter at prop root position fluctuated slightly. Potential grain yield varied from 6.1 to 7.2 tons/ha, the highest actual grain yield was 5.98 tons/ha in the no-tillage treatment. For conventional tillage, the highest grain yield was at 18.5 kg seed/ha treatment (6.34 tons/ha). In the experimental treatments, the highest profit was achieved in the no-tillage treatment and in planting density of 18.5 kg seed/ha, equivalent 61,538 plants/ha.      

scholarly journals Tillage, Residue, Fertilizer and Weed Management on Phenology and Yield of Spring Maize in Terai, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
Saugat Dahal ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Lal Prasad Amgain ◽  
Birendra Kumar Bhattachan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Herbicide Use

With the aim of developing crop management technologies that reduce the yield gap of maize (Zea mays L.) in Nepal, a study was carried-out to determine whether the grain yield of maize could be manipulated through tillage, residue, and nutrient and weed management practices. The effect of tillage (conventional and no tillage), residue (residue retained and residue removed), fertilizer (recommended doses of fertilizer and farmers’ doses of fertilizer) and weed management practices (herbicide use and manual weeding) on phenology and grain yield of maize were investigated under maize-rice cropping system in Rampur, Nepal during 2013. The experimental results revealed that no tillage had significant effect on grain yield (6.64 Mg ha-1) and phenological parameters like days to silking, physiological maturity and seed fill duration. Similarly, residue retained treatment had significant effect on grain yield (7.02 Mg ha-1) and phenological parameters. Research dose of fertilizer had significant effect on phenological parameters and grain yield (8.42 Mg ha-1). However, weed management factor did not influence significantly on grain yield and phenological parameters. The grain yield increased in no tillage by 23.19% over conventional tillage, residue retained by 39.84% over residue removed, recommended doses of fertilizer by 132.60% over farmer dose of fertilizer. Thus, no tillage, residue retention, recommended doses of fertilizer and use of herbicide for weed management can be alternative technologies for sustainable higher grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.11001Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 328-335  

scholarly journals Sustainable Viticulture: Effects of Soil Management in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Paolo Storchi ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential

Soil management in vineyards is of fundamental importance not only for the productivity and quality of grapes, both in biological and conventional management, but also for greater sustainability of the production. Conservative soil management techniques play an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to preserve biodiversity, to save soil fertility, and to keep vegetative-productive balance. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate long-term adaptation strategies to create a balance between the vine and the surrounding environment. This work sought to assess the effects of following different management practices on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon during 2017 and 2018 seasons: soil tillage (T), temporary cover cropping over all inter-rows (C), and mulching with plant residues every other row (M). The main physiological parameters of vines (leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and indirect chlorophyll content) as well as qualitative and quantitative grape parameters (technological and phenolic analyses) were measured. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. C showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass–vine competition, especially when water availability was lower. The competition exerted by C led to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in sugar and anthocyanic content were observed.

scholarly journals Cropping system effects on soil quality in the Great Plains: Synthesis from a regional project

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Wienhold ◽  
J.L. Pikul ◽  
M.A. Liebig ◽  
M.M. Mikha ◽  
G.E. Varvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Environmental Function

AbstractSoils perform a number of essential functions affecting management goals. Soil functions were assessed by measuring physical, chemical, and biological properties in a regional assessment of conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) management practices at eight sites within the Great Plains. The results, reported in accompanying papers, provide excellent data for assessing how management practices collectively affect agronomic and environmental soil functions that benefit both farmers and society. Our objective was to use the regional data as an input for two new assessment tools to evaluate their potential and sensitivity for detecting differences (aggradation or degradation) in management systems. The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) and the agro-ecosystem performance assessment tool (AEPAT) were used to score individual soil properties at each location relative to expected conditions based on inherent soil-forming factors and to compute index values that provide an overall assessment of the agronomic and environmental impact of the CON and ALT practices. SMAF index values were positively correlated with grain yield (an agronomic function) and total organic matter (an agronomic and environmental function). They were negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration at harvest (an indicator of environmental function). There was general agreement between the two assessment tools when used to compare management practices. Users can measure a small number of soil properties and use one of these tools to easily assess the effectiveness of soil management practices. A higher score in either tool identifies more environmentally and agronomically sustainable management. Temporal variability in measured indicators makes dynamic assessments of management practices essential. Water-filled pore space, aggregate stability, particulate organic matter, and microbial biomass were sensitive to management and should be included in studies aimed at improving soil management. Reductions in both tillage and fallow combined with crop rotation has resulted in improved soil function (e.g., nutrient cycling, organic C content, and productivity) throughout the Great Plains.

Corn yield components response to nitrogen fertilizer as a function of soil texture

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Isabelle Perron ◽  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Total N

Information on how soil texture and related soil properties affect corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) response is needed to improve N management in corn production. We conducted a study at 12-site yr in Quebec to assess the effect of N rate (0–250 kg N ha−1) and soil surface textural groups [clay, loam, sandy belonging to the gleysolic soil order (Sg), and sandy belonging to the podzolic soil order (Sp)] on corn grain yield, stover yield, total N uptake (TNU), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE), thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight, and chlorophyll meter readings (CMR). Corn was more responsive to N rate in the clay soil textural group for most of the parameters due to lower soil N supply, and least responsive in the Sp group, except for test weight and CMR, due to possibly greater leaching in this group. The CMR at flowering accounted for 87%, 87%, 82%, and 25% of the variation in grain yield, TNU, TKW, and test weight, respectively. This study suggests that soil surface texture has a major influence on corn N response, but other soil properties such as drainage may also be important.

Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fracchiolla ◽  
M. Terzi ◽  
L. Frabboni ◽  
D. Caramia ◽  
C. Lasorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Almond Orchard

AbstractThis paper reports a survey on the weed flora and seed bank in an almond orchard sited in Apulia region (Southern Italy), where the following soil management practices have been compared for over 30 yrs: no-tillage, keeping the soil totally weed-free throughout the year by using pre-emergence herbicides to prevent plant emergence or post-emergence herbicides in case of weeds already emerged; no-tillage, with post-emergence herbicides; no-tillage, with mowing of natural weed flora in spring; cover cropping, with faba bean sown in November and green manured in springtime; conventional soil tillage. The different management techniques influenced significantly the weed flora in experimental plots, both in terms of quantity and quality. The seed bank was clearly impoverished after the long-term applications of pre-emergence herbicides, both in terms of richness and of diversity. During the fall period, the plots of conventional tillage or pre-emergence herbicides had less natural ground-flora than the others. During springtime, prior to the sward control practices, the plots treated by foliar herbicides or mowing had the highest total weed cover. We conclude that post-emergence weed control by mowing or using chemical herbicides or the green manure of the cover crop may be proposed to reduce impact to the soil and to promote the growth of abundant and sufficiently diversified and balanced flora. If appropriately managed, this flora can provide potential ecological services, without competing with the orchard, as suggested by the literature. During the autumn, natural flora can uptake soil nitrogen thus preventing leaching in the rainy season. In springtime, after the sward has been destroyed, natural flora can supply a substantial amount of biomass to the soil. Indicator species analysis was also used to find the species characterizing each treatment and some of their combinations. Weeds belonging to thePoaceaebotanical family were significantly associated with post-emergence herbicides and mowing treatments. These species produce a substantial amount of biomass and have bunched roots; consequently, they supply beneficial effects by improving porosity and structure of the soil and reducing erosion hazard.

The effect of soil tillage system on the nitrogen uptake, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring barley in a cool Atlantic climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRENNAN ◽  
P. D. FORRISTAL ◽  
T. McCABE ◽  
R. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Ct System

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Ireland to compare the effects of soil tillage systems on the grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in a cool Atlantic climate. The four tillage treatments comprised conventional tillage in spring (CT), reduced tillage in autumn (RT A), reduced tillage in spring (RT S) and reduced tillage in autumn and spring (RT A+S). Each tillage system was evaluated with five levels of fertilizer N (0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N/ha). Grain yield varied between years but CT had a significantly higher mean yield over the three years than the RT systems. There was no significant difference between the three RT systems. Tillage system had no significant effect on the grain yield response to fertilizer N. As a result of the higher yields achieved, the CT system had a higher NUE than the RT systems at all N rates. There was no significant difference in NUE between the three RT systems. Conventional tillage had significantly higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than RT A and a significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) than all three RT systems. Crop N uptake followed a similar pattern each year. Large amounts of N were accumulated during the vegetative growth stages while N was lost after anthesis. Increased N rates had a positive effect on N uptake in the early growth stages but tended to promote N loss later in the season. The CT system had the highest N uptake in the initial growth stages but its rate of uptake diminished at a faster rate than the RT systems as the season progressed. Tillage system had an inconsistent effect on crop N content during the later growth stages. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the use of non-inversion tillage systems for spring barley establishment in a cool oceanic climate remains challenging and in certain conditions may result in a reduction in NUE and lower and more variable grain yields than conventional plough-based systems.

scholarly journals Review of Active Optical Sensors for Improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Lawrence Aula ◽  
Peter Omara ◽  
Eva Nambi ◽  
Fikayo B. Oyebiyi ◽  
William R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management

Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) via active optical sensors has gained attention in recent decades, with the focus of optimizing nitrogen (N) input while simultaneously sustaining crop yields. To the authors’ knowledge, a comprehensive review of the literature on how optical sensors have impacted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) NUE and grain yield has not yet been performed. This work reviewed and documented the extent to which the use of optical sensors has impacted winter wheat NUE and yield. Two N management approaches were evaluated; optical sensor and conventional methods. The study included 26 peer-reviewed articles with data on NUE and grain yield. In articles without NUE values but in which grain N was included, the difference method was employed to compute NUE based on grain N uptake. Using optical sensors resulted in an average NUE of 42% (±2.8% standard error). This approach improved NUE by approximately 10.4% (±2.3%) when compared to the conventional method. Grain yield was similar for both approaches of N management. Optical sensors could save as much as 53 (±16) kg N ha−1. This gain alone may not be adequate for increased adoption, and further refinement of the optical sensor robustness, possibly by including weather variables alongside sound agronomic management practices, may be necessary.

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