scholarly journals Sustainable Viticulture: Effects of Soil Management in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Paolo Storchi ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential

Soil management in vineyards is of fundamental importance not only for the productivity and quality of grapes, both in biological and conventional management, but also for greater sustainability of the production. Conservative soil management techniques play an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to preserve biodiversity, to save soil fertility, and to keep vegetative-productive balance. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate long-term adaptation strategies to create a balance between the vine and the surrounding environment. This work sought to assess the effects of following different management practices on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon during 2017 and 2018 seasons: soil tillage (T), temporary cover cropping over all inter-rows (C), and mulching with plant residues every other row (M). The main physiological parameters of vines (leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and indirect chlorophyll content) as well as qualitative and quantitative grape parameters (technological and phenolic analyses) were measured. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. C showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass–vine competition, especially when water availability was lower. The competition exerted by C led to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in sugar and anthocyanic content were observed.

Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fracchiolla ◽  
M. Terzi ◽  
L. Frabboni ◽  
D. Caramia ◽  
C. Lasorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Almond Orchard

AbstractThis paper reports a survey on the weed flora and seed bank in an almond orchard sited in Apulia region (Southern Italy), where the following soil management practices have been compared for over 30 yrs: no-tillage, keeping the soil totally weed-free throughout the year by using pre-emergence herbicides to prevent plant emergence or post-emergence herbicides in case of weeds already emerged; no-tillage, with post-emergence herbicides; no-tillage, with mowing of natural weed flora in spring; cover cropping, with faba bean sown in November and green manured in springtime; conventional soil tillage. The different management techniques influenced significantly the weed flora in experimental plots, both in terms of quantity and quality. The seed bank was clearly impoverished after the long-term applications of pre-emergence herbicides, both in terms of richness and of diversity. During the fall period, the plots of conventional tillage or pre-emergence herbicides had less natural ground-flora than the others. During springtime, prior to the sward control practices, the plots treated by foliar herbicides or mowing had the highest total weed cover. We conclude that post-emergence weed control by mowing or using chemical herbicides or the green manure of the cover crop may be proposed to reduce impact to the soil and to promote the growth of abundant and sufficiently diversified and balanced flora. If appropriately managed, this flora can provide potential ecological services, without competing with the orchard, as suggested by the literature. During the autumn, natural flora can uptake soil nitrogen thus preventing leaching in the rainy season. In springtime, after the sward has been destroyed, natural flora can supply a substantial amount of biomass to the soil. Indicator species analysis was also used to find the species characterizing each treatment and some of their combinations. Weeds belonging to thePoaceaebotanical family were significantly associated with post-emergence herbicides and mowing treatments. These species produce a substantial amount of biomass and have bunched roots; consequently, they supply beneficial effects by improving porosity and structure of the soil and reducing erosion hazard.

scholarly journals Correlations among Predawn Leaf, Midday Leaf, and Midday Stem Water Potential and their Correlations with other Measures of Soil and Plant Water Status in Vitis vinifera

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Williams ◽  
F.J. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

A study was conducted to compare three measurements of determining water status of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the field. Predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), midday leaf water potential (Ψl), and midday stem water potential (Ψstem) were measured on `Chardonnay' and `Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines grown in Napa Valley, California late in the 1999 growing season. Both cultivars had been irrigated weekly at various fractions (0, 0.5, and 1.0 for `Chardonnay' and 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 for `Cabernet') of estimated vineyard evapotranspiration (ETc) from approximately anthesis up to the dates of measurements. Predawn water potential measurements were taken beginning at 0330 hr and completed before sunrise. Midday Ψl and Ψstem measurements were taken only between 1230 and 1330 hr. In addition, net CO2 assimilation rates (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) were also measured at midday. Soil water content (SWC) was measured in the `Chardonnay' vineyard using a neutron probe. Values obtained for ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem in this study ranged from about -0.05 to -0.8, -0.7 to -1.8, and -0.5 to -1.6 MPa, respectively. All three measurements of vine water status were highly correlated with one another. Linear regression analysis of Ψl and Ψstem versus ΨPD resulted in r2 values of 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. A similar analysis of Ψl as a function of Ψstem resulted in an r2 of 0.92. In the `Chardonnay' vineyard, all three methods of estimating vine water status were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with SWC and applied amounts of water. Lastly, ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem were all linearly correlated with measurements of A and gs at midday. Under the conditions of this study, ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem represent equally viable methods of assessing the water status of these grapevines. They were all correlated similarly with the amount of water in the soil profile and leaf gas exchange as well as with one another.

Stomatal behaviour of irrigated Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah following partial root removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zufferey ◽  
D. R. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour

We examined stomatal behaviour of a grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah) following partial root removal under field conditions during progressively developing water deficits. Partial root removal led to an increase in hydraulic resistances along the soil-to-leaf pathway and leaf wilting symptoms appeared in the root-pruned plants immediately following root removal. Leaves recovered from wilting shortly thereafter, but hydraulic resistances were sustained. In comparison with the non-root pruned vines, leaves of root-pruned vines showed an immediate decrease in both pre-dawn (ψPD) and midday (ψleaf) leaf water potential. The decline in ψPD was unexpected in as much as soil moisture was not altered and it has been shown that axial water transport readily occurs in woody perennials. Only ~30% of the functional root system was removed, thus leaving the system mainly intact for water redistribution. Stem water potential (ψStem) and leaf gas exchanges of CO2 (A) and H2O (E) also declined immediately following root pruning. The lowering of ψPD, ψleaf, ψStem, A and E was sustained during the entire growing season and was not dependent on irrigation during that time. This, and a close relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (Kplant), indicated that the stomatal response was linked to plant hydraulics. Stomatal closure was observed only in the root-restricted plants and at times of very high evaporative demand (VPD). In accordance with the Ball-Berry stomatal control model proposed by Ball et al. (1987), the stomatal sensitivity factor was also lower in the root-restricted plants than in intact plants as soil water availability decreased. Although ψPD, ψStem and ψLeaf changed modestly and gradually following root removal, gs changed dramatically and abruptly following removal. These results suggest the involvement of stomatal restricting signals being propagated following removal of roots.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Management on the Red Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Mencía Must Amino Acid Composition and Wine Volatile and Sensory Profiles in a Humid Region

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Bouzas-Cid ◽  
Emiliano Trigo-Córdoba ◽  
Ignacio Orriols ◽  
Elena Falqué ◽  
José Mirás-Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Adopting cover crops for vineyard soil management can provide several benefits, including soil protection, reductions in vine vigor, and enhancements in berry composition. However, the effects of this practice on wine aroma have seldom been addressed. This study aimed to determine the influence of different cover crops and soil tillage on the must and wine amino acid composition and wine volatile compounds of the red cultivar, ‘Mencía’ (Vitis vinifera L.), grown in Northwest Spain. Treatments consisted of soil tillage (ST), native vegetation (NV), English ryegrass (ER), and subterranean clover (SC). Cover crops did not alter the macro-constituents of musts; however, musts from NV and SC tended to lower concentrations of amino acids. Some color attributes of wines were influenced by cover crops in the vineyard. Methanol and trans-linalool oxide (pyran) concentrations in wines were significantly affected by soil management. Professional tasters encountered differences in visual, aroma, and palate descriptors of wines depending on the treatment imposed in the vineyard. These alterations in sensory properties seemed to obey to slight modifications of wine chemical characteristics due to vineyard soil management. According to these results, cover crops might be useful for modulating wine aroma in humid climates.

scholarly journals Comparison among mid-row soil managements techniques to preserve grape quality in Cabernet Sauvignon vines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Rita Perria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Grape Quality

Conservative technique of soil management plays an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to save soil fertility, to preserve biodiversity and to maintain vegetative-productive balance. However, alongside the many agronomic and environmental benefits, it is worth to consider that grass cover exerts water and nutritional competition, especially where irrigation is difficult to set up. This research is aimed to evaluate the effects, on vines physiology and quality of the grapes, of three different soil management: temporary sward over all interrows (IT), green manure and tillage every other row (SL) and mulching with plant residues and tillage every other row (PL); measurements were carried out in 2016 and 2017 on a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard, in Bolgheri (Tuscany). During the experiment, single leaf gas exchanges, stem water potential, productivity were measured, while quality parameters were analyzed. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. Compared to SL and PL, the IT showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass-vine competition, especially when water availability is greater. The competition, exerted by sward, at the beginning of the season 2017, lead to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in anthocyanic content.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

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