scholarly journals Hygroscopic Properties of Sweet Cherry Powder: Thermodynamic Properties and Microstructural Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rachida Ouaabou ◽  
Said Ennahli ◽  
Chira Di Lorenzo ◽  
Hafida Hanine ◽  
Aadil Bajoub ◽  
...  

Understanding sorption isotherms is crucial in food science for optimizing the drying processes, enhancing the shelf-life of food, and maintaining food quality during storage. This study investigated the isotherms of sweet cherry powder (SCP) using the static gravimetric method. The experimental water sorption curves of lyophilized sweet cherry powder were determined at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. The curves were then fitted to six isotherm models: Modified GAB, Halsey, Smith, Oswin, Caurie, and Kühn models. To define the energy associated with the sorption process, the isosteric sorption heat, differential entropy, and spreading pressure were derived from the isotherms. Among the six models, the Smith model is the most reliable in predicting the sorption of the cherry powder with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9978 and a mean relative error (MRE) ≤1.61. The values of the net isosteric heat and differential entropy for the cherry increased exponentially as the moisture content decreased. The net isosteric heat values varied from 10.63 to 90.97 kJ mol−1, while the differential entropy values varied from 27.94 to 273.39 J. mol−1K−1. Overall, the enthalpy-entropy compensation theory showed that enthalpy-controlled mechanisms could be used to regulate water adsorption in cherry powders.

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711
Author(s):  
A.S. Ajala ◽  
P.O. Ngoddy ◽  
J.O. Olajide

Cassava roots are susceptible to deterioration with 24 hrs of harvest; it needs processing into a more stable material such as dried cassava chips to extend its shelf life for long storage. However, improper knowledge of the effect of atmospheric relative humidity on these dried chips during storage makes it mouldy and unacceptable. This work aimed at studying the effect of sorption isotherms on the dried cassava chips. In this study, adsorption and desorption isotherm were carried out using static gravimetric method and data for equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were generated at five (5) temperatures (53, 60, 70, 80, 86oC). These were fitted into four (4) isotherm-models [Oswin, Peleg, the Modified Oswin and GAB]. The statistical criteria to test the models were coefficient of determination (R2 ), reduced chi-square (χ 2 ), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE). The values of EMC ranged from 7.21-12.44% wb. The values of R2 ranged from 0.95-0.99; χ 2 ranged from 0.008-0.14; RMSE values ranged from 0.06-0.254 while MBE values ranged from -0.0004-1.1E-5. The values of isosteric heat of sorption calculated from the isosteres recorded a range from 6.579 to 67.829 kJ/mole. The Pelegmodel gave the best fit in the relative humidity range of 10 to 80%. The values of EMC show that the chips can have a stable shelf life without spoilage.


Author(s):  
Elys Nayanne Vieira Matos ◽  
Romildo Martins Sampaio ◽  
Maria Do Livramento de Paula

O babaçu (Orbignyamartiana), palmeira abundante no Nordeste brasileiro, apresenta grande potencial econômico nas regiões em que é produzida. Seu fruto é dividido em quatro partes: epicarpo, mesocarpo, endocarpo e amêndoa. Todas estas partes possuem aplicações industriais. Sua farinha, obti- da a partir do mesocarpo, tem tido crescente aceitação no setor alimentício, sem, no entanto, apresentar na literatura muitos estudos a respeito de suas isotermas de sorção, importantes para predizer a estabili- dade química e física em função do conteúdo de água e o teor de umidade que impedem o crescimento dos microrganismos. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o comportamento das isotermas de adsorção da farinha de babaçu comercial às temperaturas de 25 e 40°C, selecionar o modelo que melhor se ajusta aos dados experimentais e estimar o calor isostérico de sorção. As isotermas foram construídas pelo método gravimétrico, que consiste na medição do ganho de massa da amostra quando colocada em contato com soluções salinas que proporcionaram diferentes umidades relativas nas temperaturas de 25 e 40°C. Para os ensaios de adsorção, foram empregadas amostras de farinhas de babaçu previamente secas. A seleção do melhor modelo foi feita com base no coeficiente de determinação e no qui-quadrado. Todos os modelos testados apresentaram bons ajustes nas temperaturas estudadas, sendo que a 25 °C os modelos de Henderson e Peleg apresentaram os melhores ajustes, enquanto que a 40°C, o de GAB foi o mais adequado Os calores isostéricos de adsorção apresentaram comportamento inversamente proporcional à umidade de equilíbrio. Palavras-chave: Farinha de Babaçu. Isoterma de sorção. Calor isostérico. DETERMINATION OF THE ADSORPTION ISOTHERM AND SORPTION HEAT OF COMMERCIAL BABASSU FLOURABSTRACT: The babassu (Orbignyamartiana), abundant palm in the Brazilian Northeast, has great social, economic and cultural potential in the regions where it is produced. Its fruit is divided into four parts: epi- carp, mesocarp, endocarp, and almond. All these parties have industrial applications. His flour, obtained from the mesocarp, has had increasing acceptance in the food industry, without however, presenting many studies in the literature about their sorption isotherms that are important for predicting the chemical and physical stability as a function of water content and moisture content that prevents the growth of microor- ganisms. The objectives of this work were to study the behavior of the adsorption isotherms of commercial babassu flour at temperatures of 25 and 40 ° C, select the model that best fits the experimental data and estimate the isosteric heat of sorption. The isotherms were constructed by the gravimetric method, which consists in measuring the mass gain of the sample when placed in contact with saline solutions that pro- vided different relative humidities at 25 and 40 ° C. For the adsorption experiments, samples of babassu flour were dried previously. The selection of the best model was based on the coefficient of determination and chi -square test. All tested models showed good fits in the temperatures studied. For the adsorption at 25 ° C Henderson and Peleg models showed a better fit, while at 40 ° C the GAB was the better model. The isosteric heats of adsorption presented inversely proportional to the equilibrium moisture behavior. KEYWORDS: Babassu flour. Sorption isotherm. Isosteric heat.  DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS ISOTERMAS DE ADSORCIÓN Y DEL CALOR DE SORCIÓN DE HARINA DE “BABAÇU” COMERCIALRESUMEN: El “babaçú” (Orbignyamartiana), una “palmera” abundante en el nordeste del Brasil, tiene un gran potencial social, económico y cultural en las regiones donde se produce. Su fruto se divide en cuatro partes: epicarpio, mesocarpio, endocarpio y almendras. Todas estas partes tienen aplicaciones industria- les. Su harina de mesocarpio ha tenido creciente aceptación en la industria alimenticia, pero no hay mu- chos estudios en la literatura acerca de sus isotermas de sorción que son importantes para la predicción de la estabilidad química y física como una función del contenido de agua y contenido de humedad que evita el crecimiento de microorganismos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fue estudiar el comportamiento de las isotermas de adsorción de harina de “babaçú” comercial a temperaturas de 25 y 40 °C, seleccionar el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos experimentales y estimar el calor isostérico de sorción. Las isoter- mas fueron construidas por el método gravimétrico, que consiste en medir la gaño de masa de la muestra cuando está en contacto con soluciones salinas que proporcionaron diferentes humedades relativas a 25 y 40 °C. Para los experimentos de adsorción se utilizaron muestras de harina de “babaçú” previamente seca. La selección del mejor modelo se basa en el coeficiente de determinación y de “qui-quadrado”. To- dos los modelos utilizados muestran buenos ajustes en las temperaturas evaluadas. Para la adsorción a25 °C modelos de Henderson y Peleg, presentaron los mejores ajustes, mientras que a 40 °C modelo de GAB fue el más adecuado. Los calores isostéricos de adsorción mostraron inversamente proporcional al comportamiento de la humedad de equilíbrio.PALABRAS CLAVE: Harina de “babaçú”. Isoterma de sorción. Calor isotérico.


2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
K. S. SILVA ◽  
J. T. ROMERO ◽  
M. A. MAURO

Sorption isotherms of papaya, melon and grape seeds were determined and thermodynamic properties compared. The experiments were carried out at different temperature using the gravimetric method. The Henderson and GAB models were the best which represented the experimental data. Papaya and grape seeds are more stable with larger moisture content than melon seeds at 30°C. Grape seeds presented more resistance to lose water during the dehydration. The differential enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing moisture content and satisfied the compensation theory. It was found that the sorption process investigated was enthalpy-driven.


2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Maleki Majd ◽  
Seyed H. Karparvarfard ◽  
Asgar Farahnaky ◽  
Sara Ansari

Abstract In this study the moisture sorption isotherm of grape seed was determined by using a static gravimetric method at 35-65°C and 0.108-0.821 water activity range. The sorption isotherms were found to be typical sigmoid shape of most food materials. Five models including the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (2-parameter), Guggenheim, Anderson and De Boer (3-parameter), Oswin (2-parameter), Ferro-Fontan (3-parameter) and Peleg (4-parameter) models were considered to fit the experimental data. The Ferro- Fontan and Peleg equations (at three temperatures 35, 45, 65°C) having R2 greater than 0.97 and lower values of standard error of estimate and deviation modulus gave the best fit of the experimental data throughout the entire range of water activity. The net isosteric heat of sorption, calculated by Calusius-Clapeyron equation on experimental data, was found to be a polynomial and exponential function of equilibrium moisture content within the temperature range investigated.


2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bertuzzi ◽  
M. Armada ◽  
J. C. Gottifredi

Moisture sorption isotherms of high amylose corn starch (HACS) films at 5, 25, 35 and 45 °C within an approximate water activity ( aw) range of 0.11-0.85 were obtained using a static gravimetric method. HACS films fitted a type III BET model at all temperatures studied. Water sorption process in high amylose based films was exothermic within the range of water activities investigated. There was a continuous decrease of the affinity between film sorbed structure with moisture as water content increased. Negative values of Δ G in the whole range of moisture content studied were indicative of a spontaneous process. The entropy curve exhibited a well-defined minimum corresponding at the completion of the monolayer.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moreira ◽  
F. Chenlo ◽  
M.D. Torres ◽  
N. Vallejo

Sorption isotherms of eggplant were determined employing, as experimental technique, a static gravimetric method, using saturated salt solutions to achieve the equilibrium. The experiments were carried out at different temperatures (20, 35, 50 and 65 °C). The sorption isotherms can be classified, according to Brunauer’s classification, as type II or III depending on temperature. Equilibrium moisture content data were correlated by two models usually applied to foodstuffs (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Halsey). BET model was employed to determine monolayer moisture content (0.121 kg/kg d.b.). Halsey model was selected by the goodness of fitting. Experimental data were analyzed by a thermodynamic approach to obtain some properties as net isosteric heat, equilibrium heat and differential and net integral entropy. The differential enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing moisture content and satisfied the compensation theory. The net integral enthalpy and entropy showed maximum values (~31 kJ/mol and ~88 J/mol.K) at 0.093 (kg/kg d.b.) of moisture content.


Author(s):  
W. Sarath Botheju ◽  
K. Sanath P. Amaratunge ◽  
I. Sarath B. Abeysinghe

Abstract Desorption isotherm of fresh tea leaves was studied using static gravimetric method of saturated salt solutions at temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30ºC and water activities of 0.07 to 0.97. Data were fitted to five mathematical equations. Using the best-fit mathematical model, thermodynamic properties of fresh tea leaves including net isosteric heat of sorption, differential entropy were estimated. The applicability of enthalpy – entropy compensation theory for fresh tea leaves was also evaluated. Results showed that the modified Oswin model was best fitted with the experimental data. Thermodynamics properties like net isosteric heat of sorption and differential entropy were found to decrease exponentially with the increase in moisture content. Net isosteric heat of sorption and differential entropy increased exponentially with decreasing moisture content of fresh tea leaves. Isosteric heat of sorption of fresh tea leaves was very close to heat of vaporization of pure water when the moisture content of tea leaves exceeded 40% (d.b.). The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory could be successfully applied for the moisture desorption behavior of fresh tea leaf samples and it was enthalpy driven spontaneous process.


Author(s):  
Tarik Iguedjtal ◽  
Nicolas Louka ◽  
Karim Allaf

Moisture sorption isotherms of Granny Smith apples hot-air dried and texturized by Controlled Sudden Decompression (Détente Instantannée Contrôlée DIC®) were determined and compared using a gravimetric method. The DIC has been developed to confer a porous structure to partially dehydrated foods by expanding them and facilitating the drying process at lower water content. The samples were stored in a chamber; the relative humidity is controlled by an atomizing humidifier at 20, 30 and 40°C, and relative humidities ranging from 10% to 90%. The sorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature at a given water activity. The hysteresis effect was not significant for both of the dried and texturized apples. The experimental sorption data were fitted to 8 various isotherm models including two parameter relationships (BET, Halsey, Smith, Henderson, Oswin), three parameter equations (Ferro-Fontan, GAB) and four parameter equations (Peleg). A non-linear least square regression software was used to evaluate the model's constants. The goodness of fit of each isotherm was quantified through the mean relative percentage deviation modulus E. The Ferro-Fontan, Peleg, GAB and Oswin equations were best for characterizing the sorption behaviour of Granny Smith apples for a whole range of temperatures and water activities studied. The surface area corresponding to the monolayer was determined for the texturized apples and compared to the dried samples. The results showed that the treatment by DIC increases the surface area of apples. For understanding the water properties and calculating the energy requirements phenomena, net isosteric heat was evaluated by the applying Clausius-Clapeyron equation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
H. TAVAKOLIPOUR ◽  
M. MOKHTARIAN

Moisture sorption isotherms for pistachio powder were determined by gravimetric method at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 40ºC. Some mathematical models were tested to measure the amount of fitness of experimental data. The mathematical analysis proved that Caurie model was the most appropriate one. As well, adsorptiondesorption moisture content of pistachio powder were predicted using artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The results showed that, MLP network was able to predict adsorption-desorption moisture content with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.992, respectively. Comparison of ANN results with classical sorption isotherm models revealed that ANN modeling had greater accuracy in predicting equilibrium moisture content of pistachio powder.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1965-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangelce Mitrevski ◽  
Cvetanka Mitrevska ◽  
Vladimir Mijakovski ◽  
Ivan Pavkov ◽  
Tale Geramitcioski

The moisture adsorption isotherms of quince were determined at four temperatures 15, 30, 45, and 60?C over a range of water activity from 0.110 to 0.920 using the standard static gravimetric method. The experimental data were fitted with generated three parameter sorption isotherm models on Mitrevski et al., and the referent Anderson model known in the scientific and engineering literature as Guggenheim- Anderson-de Boer model. In order to find which models give the best results, large number of numerical experiments was performed. After that, several statistical criteria for estimation and selection of the best sorption isotherm model was used. The performed statistical analysis shows that the generated three parameter model M11 gave the best fit to the sorption data of quince than the referent three parameter Anderson model.


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