scholarly journals Techniques for Detection of Clinical Used Heparins

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Binjie Li ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Mingjia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Gold Nanomaterials ◽  
Further Development

Heparins and sulfated polysaccharides have been recognized as effective clinical anticoagulants for several decades. Heparins exhibit heterogeneity depending on the sources. Meanwhile, the adverse effect in the clinical uses and the adulteration of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) in heparins develop additional attention to analyze the purity of heparins. This review starts with the description of the classification, anticoagulant mechanism, clinical application of heparins and focuses on the existing methods of heparin analysis and detection including traditional detection methods, as well as new methods using fluorescence or gold nanomaterials as probes. The in-depth understanding of these techniques for the analysis of heparins will lay a foundation for the further development of novel methods for the detection of heparins.

Effects of oversulfated and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates on coagulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (05) ◽  
pp. 994-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fonseca ◽  
Stephan-Nicollas Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Pomin ◽  
André Mecawi ◽  
Iracema Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Activate Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate

SummaryWe report the effects of a chemically oversulfated chondroitin sulfate and a naturally fucosylated chondroitin sulfate on the coagulation system. The former has been recently identified as a contaminant of heparin preparations and the latter has been proposed as an alternative anticoagulant. The mechanism of action of these polymers on coagulation is complex and target different components of the coagulation system. They have serpin-independent anticoagulant activity, which preponderates in plasma. They also have serpin-dependent anticoagulant activity but differ significantly in the target coagulation protease and preferential serpin. Their anticoagulant effects differ even more markedly when tested as inhibitors of coagulation proteases using plasma as a source of serpins. It is possible that the difference is due to the high availability of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate whereas over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate has strong unspecific binding to plasma protein and low availability for the binding to serpins. When tested using a venous thrombosis experimental model, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate is less potent as an antithrombotic agent than fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. These highly sulfated chondroitin sulfates activate factor XII in in vitro assays, based on kallikrein release. However, only fucosylated chondroitin sulfate induces hypotension when intravenously injected into rats. In conclusion, the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the action of highly sulfated polysaccharides in coagulation requires their analysis by a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results are relevant due to the urgent need for new anticoagulant drugs or alternative sources of heparin.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

scholarly journals Hazardous Substance Detection in Water Environments using Neutron Beams: the SABAT Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Michał SILARSKI
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Neutron Beams ◽  
The Status ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Danger Detection

The ever-increasing risk of terrorist attacks is a stimulus for seeking new, more effective danger detection methods. The article describes new methods of detecting hazardous materials based on the interaction between neutrons and matter. The status of the design of the device for detecting hazardous materials in water environments based on these methods, currently in development at the Jagiellonian University (Kraków, Poland), will be presented as well.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Ultrasound

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Baba
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
3D Sonography ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Made In

Abstract Significant advances have been made in recent years in clinical application of 3D sonography in both obstetrics and gynecology. Since the author pioneered the use of 3D sonography many new clinical useful techniques have been used for better visualization of early human development and for the diagnostics of many gynecological problems as well as the use of 3D in management of female infertility. In this review we are describing further development in 3D ultrasound, which should be of general interest of readers of this journal.

Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate-E binds to BMP-4 and enhances osteoblast differentiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Miyazaki ◽  
Satoshi Miyauchi ◽  
Akira Tawada ◽  
Takahisa Anada ◽  
Satoshi Matsuzaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate E ◽  
Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate

scholarly journals Release of endogenous chondroitin sulfate and heparin as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Sequential Release ◽  
Immune Mediated

Abstract Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for COVID-19, is associated with immune-mediated responses that lead to dysregulated activation of proteolytic enzymes; these contribute to damage to the endothelium, thrombosis, hypercoagulability, and other hematologic complications that include thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a complication of severe COVID-19 as well as a potentially fatal adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Here, it is demonstrated that proteolysis of plasma proteins leads to sequential release of endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), first chondroitin sulfate (CS), followed by heparin (HP). The extension and degree of what is called "proteolytic storm" determines whether only one endogenous type of GAGs (CS), or both (CS and HP), are released. Sulfated GAGs such as CS and HP exert a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sustained and excessive release of endogenous HP may be responsible for thrombotic thrombocytopenia just as it happens in HP-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a well-known side effect of HP administration that results in thromboembolisms in atypical sites, thrombocytopenia, and synthesis of autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4) that contribute to platelet aggregation. It is concluded that release of endogenous HP as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis occurring during COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination may play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as in adverse reactions to vaccination.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZING AND MANAGING SALES ACTIVITIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF “OOO LAMZUR”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1015
Author(s):  
E.A. Leonenko ◽  
◽  
S.V. Kunev ◽  
N.N. Chindyaykina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Further Development

In modern conditions, the further development of the market economy puts each subject of economic activity in very difficult conditions. For the survival and effective functioning of an organization, it is no longer enough to simply produce goods in the maximum possible volume, it is especially important to sell these goods. The significant role of sales activities in the enterprise management requires searching for new methods of improvement, one of which is the revision of existing and the development of new optimal distribution channels under conditions of environmental uncertainty. Currently, distribution channels for final products are a complex multi-structure system with active elements, operating in a dynamically developing market environment. Studies by economists show that the complexity (complexity) of this system is based not on the number of elements, but on the nature of the network structure (the complexity of the structure of the system and the interactions of its components). This article presents a visual analysis of the sales activities of one of the largest Russian confectionery manufacturers - “OOO Lamzur”. For this kind of enterprises, the organization of sales activities is very important in ensuring economic efficiency and achieving high competitive advantages. In the marketing activities of the investigated enterprise, a number of problem areas are identified that impede its development. In the process of analyzing sales activities, a number of shortcomings were noted, the key of which is the loss by the enterprise of such sales functions as establishing feedback with consumers. In the course of the study, the effectiveness of the marketing activities of “OOO Lamzur” was assessed based on the analysis of the dynamics of sales of confectionery products, as well as by interviewing customers.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes as Tools for the Development of New Pharmaceuticals

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Benito-Arenas ◽  
Sandra Zárate ◽  
Julia Revuelta ◽  
Agatha Bastida
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Chondroitin sulfates are linear anionic sulfated polysaccharides found in biological tissues, mainly within the extracellular matrix, which are degraded and altered by specific lyases depending on specific time points. These polysaccharides have recently acquired relevance in the pharmaceutical industry due to their interesting therapeutic applications. As a consequence, chondroitin sulfate (CS) lyases have been widely investigated as tools for the development of new pharmaceuticals based on these polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major breakthrough represented by chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes and their structures and mechanisms of function in addition to their major applications.

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