scholarly journals Human-Wildlife Conflict and its Implication for Conservation at Sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Manoj Pokharel ◽  
Chandramani Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Robust Compensation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Local people are the major stakeholders of biodiversity conservation. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) could result in a negative attitude of the general public towards wildlife adding challenges for conservation. This is more applicable in the landscapes which are outside the protected area (PA) coverage. But, the majority of HWC related studies in Nepal have centered on PAs and their peripheries. This study documents the prevailing situation of HWC in Sundarpur of Udayapur district that shelters some HWC prone wildlife species, while situating outside PA. Data about conflict and people's perception of wildlife conservation was collected using household surveys supplemented by key informant interviews and direct observation. Monkeys (93%, n=93) and elephants (86%, n=86) were found to be the major animals involved in the conflict, mostly resulting in crop raiding, the major form of conflict as reported by (95%, n=95) of respondents. Livestock depredation cases were mostly by common leopard (84%, n=21) and sloth bear was involved in the majority of human attack cases (90%, n=9). The results showed increasing trend of conflicts for elephants (63%, n=63) and monkeys (73%, n=73), while declining trend for sloth bear (64%, n=64), wild boar (85%, n=85), and leopard (46%, n=46). People believed the natural attraction of wildlife towards crops and livestock to be the major driving factor of conflict. Majority of respondents had a positive attitude towards wildlife conservation. However, implementation of community based conflict management strategies, robust compensation schemes along with conservation education programs are highly essential to achieve desired conservation success.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Human-Wildlife Conflict And Its Implication For Conservation at sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Chandramani Aryal ◽  
Manoj Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Direct Observation Method

This study was carried out to document the prevailing situation of human-wildlife conflict in Sundarpur of Udayapur district, Nepal where significant numbers of sloth bear along with other troublesome wildlife species occur. Data about conflict and people's perception towards wildlife conservation was collected using household surveys supplemented by key informant interviews and direct observation method. Monkeys (93%) and elephants (86%) were found to be major animals involved in conflict mostly resulting into crop raiding, which was the major form of conflict as reported by (95%) of respondents. Livestock depredation cases were mostly by common leopard (84%) and sloth bear was involved in majority of human attack cases (90%). According to respondents, the trend of conflict was found to be increasing for elephants (63%) and monkeys (73%) while it was found to be decreasing for sloth bear (64%), wild boar (85%), and leopard (46%), where people believed natural attraction of wildlife towards crops/livestock to be the major driving factor of conflict. Despite the prevalence of conflict most of the respondents showed positive attitude towards wildlife conservation in Sundarpur. This implies a better future for wildlife conservation in this area if the issues associated with human-wildlife conflict are addressed effectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict and the Attitude of Local Communities to Wild Animal Conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Salahadin Merkebu ◽  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has increased globally because of an increase in the human population, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the status of HWC and the attitude of local communities to wildlife conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Northeastern Ethiopia. Data were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (230), focus group discussions (7), and direct observation on the crop foraging. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. The majority of respondents (70%) reported the existence of HWC manifested because of the damage received to their assets (both crop and livestock). Canis aureus, Panthera pardus, Crocuta crocuta, and Papio hamadryas were stated as livestock depredators. Gelada, rabbit, porcupine, klipspringer, bushbuck, and duiker were considered as the major crop raiders. Over half (57.83%) of the respondents had a positive attitude, while others (36.09%) had a negative attitude towards the conservation of wildlife due to frequently faced problems. Respondents in different villages differed significantly (χ2 = 27.385, DF = 12, P < 0.05 ) in their attitude towards wildlife. Possible mitigation actions need to be undertaken to reduce the wildlife damage such that wildlife can sustainably be managed in the park.

scholarly journals Centring knowledge democracy within policy-making for sustainability and resilience: A discussion of the Kenyan drylands

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkatha Mercy
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Culture, environment and, therefore, knowledge of socioeconomic constructs are intricately interwoven. Over the past decade or two, pastoralists without formal education in Kenyan drylands have increasingly found themselves on the receiving end of community empowerment trainings that lean towards human–wildlife conflict and environmental conservation. Why would research entities set aside mega budgets to teach the pastoralist about human–wildlife conflict? A pastoralist who has long roamed drylands with his livestock grazing alongside elephants and lions, and whose major life transition ceremonies, celebrations, songs, riddles, proverbs, sayings, poetry and jokes fundamentally feature wildlife. What makes these trainings in ‘imparting knowledge’ superior to the ‘indigenous knowledge’ already in the custody of the Borana or the Turkana or the Rendile? This article explores the relevance of community-based knowledges in addressing sustainable development and climate resilience, as articulated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The specific setting for this discussion is the Kenyan drylands, which are central to the achievement of the SDG agenda given that they constitute 84 percent of Kenya’s total land surface. They also host up to 75 percent of  Kenya’s wildlife population, account for more than 80 percent of the country’s eco-tourism interests and support about 9.9 million Kenyans, or approximately 34 percent of the Kenyan population. Today, the drylands are impoverished, deficient for both humans and nature. Their vulnerability to disasters is amplified, while their resilience to shocks is greatly weakened, a situation made worse by climate change. To understand the importance of community-based knowledges within policy making for sustainability and resilience, this article examines in detail epistemological, social, historical, political and environmental factors converging on the Kenyan drylands, as well as the opportunity to address this complexity that the SDGs represent.

scholarly journals Human Wildlife Conflict: Causes, Consequences and Management Strategies in Mount Cameroon National Park South West Region, Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangie Stanley Ndifor Attia ◽  
Tchamba .N. Martin ◽  
Tumenta Pricelia Forbuzie ◽  
Tsi Evaristus Angwafo ◽  
Mvo Denis Chuo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
South West Region

scholarly journals The Impact of Information on Attitudes toward Sustainable Wildlife Utilization and Management: A Survey of the Chinese Public

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Zhifan Song ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhen Miao ◽  
Kirsten Conrad ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wildlife Utilization ◽  
The Impact

The widespread dissemination of information related to wildlife utilization in new online media and traditional media undoubtedly impacts societal conservation concepts and attitudes, thus triggering public discussions on the relationship between conservation and utilization. A study on how public attitudes and concepts are affected by the related information on wildlife utilization is helpful to implement the scientific wildlife conservation and management strategies, and to propose targeted measures to optimize the information environment. We designed the questionnaire to investigate the public’s awareness and agreement with related information on wildlife utilization so as to measure how information with different dissemination channels, source types, and content orientation influenced the public’s concept of wildlife conservation and utilization. The questionnaire was distributed in seven major geographical regions throughout China. Out of a total of 1645 questionnaires that were collected, 1294 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 78.7%. Results show that respondents had the greatest awareness of information on preventing unsustainable and illegal utilization, and the lowest awareness of information on promoting unsustainable utilization, and that awareness of information that against utilization was higher than that of information which supported sustainable utilization. At the same time, respondents showed the greatest agreement for information on preventing unsustainable utilization and the lowest agreement for information on promoting unsustainable utilization; also, their agreement with information that against utilization was higher than that for information which supported sustainable use. Respondents had a high level of awareness of information on wildlife related to COVID-19 provided by experts. Gender, age, the level of development of the city in which they live, education, vegetarianism, and religious beliefs all affected respondents’ agreement with related information on wildlife utilization. This research suggests that the publicity and education of scientific conservation methods should be emphasized in the future conservation education. In addition, scholars in the field of wildlife research should assume the role of ‘influencer’ and give full play to the scientific guidance of public opinion.

scholarly journals Marine heatwave challenges solutions to human–wildlife conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1964) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameal F. Samhouri ◽  
Blake E. Feist ◽  
Mary C. Fisher ◽  
Owen Liu ◽  
Samuel M. Woodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Despite the increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events, little is known about how their impacts flow through social and ecological systems or whether management actions can dampen deleterious effects. We examined how the record 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave influenced trade-offs in managing conflict between conservation goals and human activities using a case study on large whale entanglements in the U.S. west coast's most lucrative fishery (the Dungeness crab fishery). We showed that this extreme climate event diminished the power of multiple management strategies to resolve trade-offs between entanglement risk and fishery revenue, transforming near win–win to clear win–lose outcomes (for whales and fishers, respectively). While some actions were more cost-effective than others, there was no silver-bullet strategy to reduce the severity of these trade-offs. Our study highlights how extreme climate events can exacerbate human–wildlife conflict, and emphasizes the need for innovative management and policy interventions that provide ecologically and socially sustainable solutions in an era of rapid environmental change.

scholarly journals An experimental test of community‐based strategies for mitigating human–wildlife conflict around protected areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola S. Branco ◽  
Jerod A. Merkle ◽  
Robert M. Pringle ◽  
Lucy King ◽  
Tosca Tindall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Why are lions killing us? Human–wildlife conflict and social discontent in Mbire District, northern Zimbabwe

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Matema ◽  
Jens A. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Elite Capture ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

AbstractAn emerging perspective on Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Zimbabwe is that increased authoritarianism in governance has enabled elite capture of wildlife resources and silenced local people's voices. This paper qualifies this perspective, showing how ordinary people continue to raise their concerns about local governance. In the Mbire district, people's interpretations of an upsurge in lion attacks on livestock and people in early 2010 took on a dimension of social commentary on the evolving governance arrangements in the district and beyond. Beneath an apparent human–wildlife conflict lie complex human–human conflicts about access to, and governance of, wildlife resources. Interpretations of the lion attacks built on two distinct epistemologies – a local religious discourse on spirit lions and an ecological one – but invariably construed outsiders as the ones accountable for local problems. This construction of outsiders is also a salient feature of Zimbabwean political discourse. Local voices thus constitute a widely understood discourse of protest.

scholarly journals Patterns of livestock depredation and human-wildlife conflict in Misgar valley of Hunza, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Bano ◽  
Akbar Khan ◽  
Tahir Mehmood ◽  
Waqas Sami ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Mammalian Predator ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Predators can cause a significant economic damage though preyed on livestock. These conflicts prompt a negative attitude towards their conservation and also leads towards retaliatory killing. Here we composed data from 100 household on livestock using a semi-structured questionnaire survey from 2014 to 2019 on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count and conservation approaches. The poison regression model showed significant increasesd of predation count at P<0.05 among 22 influential factors such as age , gender, occupation, education of respondent, estimated population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation. A total of 364 out of 9270 livestock damaged by predators and non-predatory factors during the last six years. Among them 168 (1.81 %) attributed by wolf, 142 (1.53 %) by snow leopard and 54 (0.58%) by non-predatory factors. Our results showed an increase of 11 % in the overall population and an average of 60 animals were preyed by predators and non-predatory factors each year. The foremost threat to the mammalian predator was retaliatory killing. The guarded grazing and construction of predator-proof corral pens were identified to protect the domestic livestock predation by wolf and snow leopard respectively. This study specifies measures of conservation to minimize human-carnivore conflicts.

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