scholarly journals Biodegradation of Weathered Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Organic Waste Amendments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimiya Yousefi ◽  
Ali Mohebbi ◽  
John Pichtel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Papermill Sludge ◽  
Zagros Region ◽  
Compost Treatment

Extraction, transport, and processing of petroleum products have resulted in inadvertent contamination of soil. Various technologies have been proposed for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants, including biological techniques. Treatment of aged (weathered) petroleum compounds is challenging, as these wastes tend to be enriched with recalcitrant hydrocarbons. The purpose of the reported study was to investigate remediation of weathered petroleum via simulated landfarming using selected soil amendments. Soil contaminated by aged crude petroleum from well fields in the southern Zagros region in Iran was treated in combination with plant compost, papermill sludge, activated carbon, and molasses. Over 15 weeks, the greatest percentage removal (40%) of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) occurred in the molasses treatment, followed by a 29% reduction in the plant compost treatment. The degradation constant (k), produced by a kinetic model, demonstrated the performance of the molasses over the other treatments applied; experimental data adequately fitted into first-order kinetics (k = 0.005 d−1, t½ = 71 d). Benzene decomposition was greatest (77 and 74%) in the molasses and activated carbon treatments, respectively, and was lowest in the papermill sludge treatment (41%). FTIR analysis revealed loss of benzene in all treatments. Bacterial counts were highest (4.9 × 106 CFU/g) in the plant compost treatment and lowest (1 × 105 CFU/g) in the untreated oil-contaminated soil. Based on the findings of the current study, it is possible to successfully conduct landfarming of aged petroleum deposits; however, it is recommended that common and inexpensive amendments such as molasses and plant compost be used when feasible.

Photodegradation of organic matter in fresh garbage leachate using immobilized nano-sized TiO2 as catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1226
Author(s):  
C. Chen ◽  
Q. Xie ◽  
B. Q. Hu ◽  
X. L. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
H2o2 Addition

Two immobilized nano-sized TiO2 catalysts, TiO2/activated carbon (TiO2/AC) and TiO2/silica gel (SG) (TiO2/SG), were prepared by the sol–gel method, and their use in the photocatalytic degradation of organic matter in fresh garbage leachate under UV irradiation was investigated. The influences of the catalyst dosage, the initial solution pH, H2O2 addition and the reuse of the catalysts were evaluated. The degradation of organic matter was assessed based on the decrease of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate. The results indicated that the degradation of the COD obeyed first-order kinetics in the presence of both photocatalysts. The degradation rate of COD was found to increase with increasing catalyst dosage up to 9 g/L for TiO2/AC and 6 g/L for TiO2/SG, above which the degradation began to attenuate. Furthermore, the degradation rate first increased and then decreased as the solution pH increased from 2 to 14, and the degradation rate increased as the amount of H2O2 increased to 2.93 mM, after which it remained constant. No obvious decrease in the rate of COD degradation was observed during the first four repeated uses of the photocatalysts, indicating that the catalysts could be recovered and reused. Compared with TiO2/AC, TiO2/SG exhibited higher efficiency in photocatalyzing the degradation of COD in garbage leachate.

Treatment of Simulated Wastewater Containing Chlorobenzene by Iron-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Packing

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Dong Lei Zou ◽  
Hao Chen Zou ◽  
Dong Yan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Using iron filings, activated carbon power and clay as raw materials, the granular iron-carbon micro-electrolysis packing was made by the method of calcination. The influence of initial chlorobenzene (CB) concentration, pH value and reaction temperature on the removal rate of simulated wastewater containing CB were investigated. The results showed that the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model and the rate constants varied at a relatively low degree at various pH. Temperature is an important parameter and an increase in temperature could significantly raise the reaction rates. The column packed with packing was designed to remove CB in wastewater. After running for 70 days, the packing still had good performance and there was no obvious decrease on the removal rate.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic removal of cefazolin from aqueous solution by AC prepared from mango seed+ZnO under UV irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Mango Seed

Presence of antibiotics in the environment specially in aqueous environments is considered a major warning about health and environment. Thus, this study aims the efficiency of coupled process of Activated Carbon (AC) prepared from mango seed+ZnO under UV irradiation as an advanced oxidation process in removing cefazolin antibiotic from aqueous solutions. This experimental study was carried out in a discontinuous reaction chamber with volume of one liter. In this process, the effect of initial pH parameters of the environment (3– 9), initial concentration of cefazolin (20 – 200 mg/L), concentration of modified, photocatalyzer (20 – 100 mg/L) and reaction time (10 – 60 min) were studied. The pilot used consisted of a low pressure mercury lamp with a 55-watt beam radiation power inside the steel chamber. The kinetic of the process was studied based on pseudo first order kinetics. Results showed that the highest removal efficiency of cefazolin antibiotics in the reaction of UV/AC + ZnO, at optimal conditions of pH= 3, contact time of 60 min, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and modified photocatalyzer of 0.1 g/L was equal to 96%. The kinetic model determined for the process followed kinetic model of pseudo- first order kinetics with high correlation of (R2 = 0.99). Results of present study revealed that photocatalyzer process of nanoparticles oxidation on synthetic activated carbon can be effectively used as an advanced oxidation reaction to remove cefazolin and similar pollutants.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation in Water with Floating Oil Spill Containment Booms as Bioreactor Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Khalid Sayed ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Effluent

A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.

scholarly journals A Kinetic Study on Enhanced Cementation of Gold Ions by Galvanic Interactions between Aluminum (Al) as an Electron Donor and Activated Carbon (AC) as an Electron Mediator in Ammonium Thiosulfate System

Minerals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sanghee Jeon ◽  
Sharrydon Bright ◽  
Ilhwan Park ◽  
Akuru Kuze ◽  
Mayumi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Electron Mediator ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Galvanic Interaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

The enhanced cementation technique by galvanic interaction of aluminum (Al; electron donor) and activated carbon (AC; electron mediator) to recover gold (Au) ions from the ammonium thiosulfate solution is a promising technique to eliminate the challenges of poor recovery in the system. This study presents the kinetics of Au ion cementation in an ammonium thiosulfate lixiviant as functions of initial Au concentration, size/amount of Al and AC, temperature, and shaking speed. The recovery results basically followed first order kinetics and showed that the cementation rate increased with a higher initial concentration of Au, smaller electron donor size, greater both electron donor and mediator quantity, decrease in temperature, and higher shaking speed in the system, while size of electron mediator did not significantly affect Au recovery.

Photocatalytic degradation of clofibric acid, carbamazepine and iomeprol using conglomerated TiO2 and activated carbon in aqueous suspension

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Ziegmann ◽  
Fritz H. Frimmel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Clofibric Acid ◽  
Tio2 Surface ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Adsorption Affinity

The combination of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and TiO2 has been tested for synergistic/antagonistic effects in the photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine, clofibric acid and iomeprol. Synergistic effects are thought to be caused by rapid adsorption on the PAC surface followed by diffusion to the TiO2 surface and photocatalytic degradation. The Freundlich constant KF was used for comparing the sorption properties of the three substances and it was found that KF for clofibric acid was 3 times lower than for carbamazepine and iomeprol, regardless of the kind of PAC used. A PAC with a distinct tendency to form conglomerates was selected so that a high percentage of the PAC surface was in direct proximity to the TiO2 surface. The photocatalytic degradation of the pharmaceutically active compounds studied followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Synergistic effects only occurred for clofibric acid (factor 1.5) and an inverse relationship between adsorption affinity and synergistic effects was found. High affinity of the target substances to the PAC surface seemed to be counterproductive for the photocatalytic degradation.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study on Removal of Sulphur Mustard on Granular Activated Carbon from Aqueous Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Baghel ◽  
Beer Singh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Sulphur Mustard ◽  
Adsorptive Removal ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Sulphur mustard is a powerful blister agent and has been worked as a chemical warfare agent. No specific antidote is available for its wound. Therefore, adsorptive removal is an effective way of removal. Here, adsorptive removal of sulphur mustard from aqueous solution was studied on activated carbon and screened out MeOH : H2O (1 : 1) solution as a good solvent than others used solvent. Adsorption isotherm of sulphur mustard was compared with its hydrolysis in the same solution. Kinetics of sulphur mustard removal on carbon from aqueous solution was found to be slower than hydrolysis and follow pseudo first order kinetics with the rate constant 5.04 X 10–3 min-1 and half life 137.5 min. The hydrolysis of sulphur mustard in MeOH : H2O (1 : 1) solution was found to be following the pseudo first order kinetics with the rate constant 8.68 x10-3 min-1 and half life 79.8 min.

Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Xiaoquan Chen ◽  
Wenhao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

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