Development of Two Types of Skin Cancer in a Patient with Systemic Sclerosis: a Case Report and Overview of the Literature

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon rheumatic disease in which the underlying main histopathologic feature is a thickening of the skin due to excessive accumulation of collagen in the extracellular tissue. Fibrogenesis, chronic inflammation, and ulceration may eventually promote skin neoplasms. Although nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent type, there have been restricted case reports and case series with skin cancers in SSc patients in the literature. Herein, we describe a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis thirteen years ago and associated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia that was successfully treated with high cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide. She developed basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the follow-up. She is still on rituximab treatment with stable interstitial lung disease as indicated by pulmonary function tests and high-resolution chest computed tomography. To our knowledge and a literature search, this is the first reported patient with SSc with two types of skin cancer. In this review, we also aimed to emphasize the relationship between SSc and skin cancer, and possible risk factors for SSc-related skin cancer.

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Local Chemotherapy as an Adjuvant Treatment in Unresectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What Do We Know So Far?

Current Oncology ◽

10.3390/curroncol28040213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 2317-2325

Author(s):

Luigi Bennardo ◽

Francesco Bennardo ◽

Amerigo Giudice ◽

Maria Passante ◽

Stefano Dastoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Systemic Chemotherapy ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Local Chemotherapy

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common cancers involving skin and oral mucosa. Although this condition’s gold-standard treatment is the surgical removal of the lesions, the physician must propose alternative treatments in some cases due to the patient’s ineligibility for surgery. Among the available alternative therapies, local chemotherapy may represent an initial treatment in combination with radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy due to the low frequency of side-effects and the lack of necessity for expensive devices. Methods: In this paper, we review all available literature in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, Web of Science), proposing local chemotherapy as a treatment for cutaneous and oral SCC. Exclusion criteria included ocular lesions (where topical treatments are common), non-English language, and non-human studies. Results: We included 14 studies in this review. The majority were case reports and case series describing the treatment of non-resectable localized SCC with either imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil. We also analyzed small studies proposing combination treatments. Almost all studies reported an excellent clinical outcome, with a low risk of relapses in time. Conclusions: Resection of the lesion remains the gold-standard treatment for SCC. When this approach is not feasible, local chemotherapy may represent a treatment alternative, and it may also be associated with radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy.

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Detailed head localization and incidence of skin cancers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91942-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Fijałkowska ◽

Mateusz Koziej ◽

Bogusław Antoszewski

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Vertical Dimension ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Sex Type ◽

Cancer Subtype ◽

The Face

AbstractSkin cancers are the most common neoplasms; frequently, they localize on the face. The aim of paper is to present the incidence of skin tumors in a single center from 2017 to 2019, describe trends in its frequency and find relations between neoplasms and sex, type of cancer, and its size. An analysis of histopathological files from the surgical department between 2017 and 2019 was calculated. These items were selected: sex, age, type of skin cancer, subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), grading of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), localization and dimensions of the tumor. The study sample consisted of 387 cases. BCC was the most common cancer and its nodular type was the most frequent. In older patients, the vertical dimension of excised carcinoma was significantly larger. Moreover, this connection was detected only in women compared to men. There were statistically significant differences between dimensions of the skin cancer and sex. In men group, skin cancers had statistically higher vertical dimensions and larger surface areas. On the face and head, BCC more often localizes in the nasal area, while SCC on the auricle. It has been demonstrated that the older the patient, the larger the vertical dimension of the tumor. As such, tumor size is larger in men than in women, as women usually see their physicians sooner than men: cosmetic concerns are more important to them.

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Skin Cancers and the Contribution of Rho GTPase Signaling Networks to Their Progression

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13174362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4362

Author(s):

Alessandra Pecora ◽

Justine Laprise ◽

Manel Dahmene ◽

Mélanie Laurin

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Rho Gtpase ◽

Signaling Networks ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

Cytoskeletal Dynamics ◽

Genetic Perturbations

Skin cancers are the most common cancers worldwide. Among them, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma of the skin and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are the three major subtypes. These cancers are characterized by different genetic perturbations even though they are similarly caused by a lifelong exposure to the sun. The main oncogenic drivers of skin cancer initiation have been known for a while, yet it remains unclear what are the molecular events that mediate their oncogenic functions and that contribute to their progression. Moreover, patients with aggressive skin cancers have been known to develop resistance to currently available treatment, which is urging us to identify new therapeutic opportunities based on a better understanding of skin cancer biology. More recently, the contribution of cytoskeletal dynamics and Rho GTPase signaling networks to the progression of skin cancers has been highlighted by several studies. In this review, we underline the various perturbations in the activity and regulation of Rho GTPase network components that contribute to skin cancer development, and we explore the emerging therapeutic opportunities that are surfacing from these studies.

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Surgical Management of Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers

10.2310/surg.2038 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Wargo ◽

Kenneth Tenabe

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Stage Iv Melanoma ◽

Melanoma Skin

The prevalence of malignant skin cancers has increased significantly over the past several years. Approximately 1.2 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed per year. More alarming, up to 80,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed per year, an incidence that has been steadily increasing, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 50 for the development of melanoma. The disturbing increase in the incidence of both non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma can largely be attributed to the social attitude toward sun exposure. The clinical assessment and management of skin lesions can be challenging. This review describes the assessment process, including thorough history and examination; the need for possible biopsy; and excision criteria. Specific types of skin cancer are distinguished and include basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and melanoma; and for each type the incidence; epidemiology; histologic subtypes; diagnosis; and both surgical and non-surgical treatments are provided. Stages I-IV of melanoma are detailed, with prognostic factors described. Surgical treatment for stages I and II include description of the margins of excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical treatment of Stage III melanoma further includes therapeutic lymph node dissection and isolated limb perfusion. Adjuvant therapies are also presented and include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The additional treatment of metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is described. For both Stage III and IV melanoma, the study of vaccines to host immune cells is reported. For Stage IV melanoma, the text also describes immunotherapy treatment. Operative procedures specific to superficial and deep groin dissections are outlined. This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables, and 96 references.

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Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71700-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wybke Klatt ◽

Susanne Wallner ◽

Christoph Brochhausen ◽

Judith A. Stolwijk ◽

Stephan Schreml

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Skin Tumors ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Common Skin

Abstract The proton-sensing GPCRs (pH-GPCRs) GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1), and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein) are involved in sensing and transducing changes in extracellular pH (pHe). Extracellular acidification is a central hallmark of solid cancer. pH-GPCR function has been associated with cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and metastasis, as well as with modulation of the immune system. Little is known about the expression levels and role of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer. To better understand the functions of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer in vivo, we examined the expression-profiles of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A in four common skin tumors, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), compound nevus cell nevi (NCN), basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining on paraffin-embedded tissue samples acquired from patients suffering from SCC, MM, NCN or BCC. We show the expression of pH-GPCRs in four common skin cancers. Different expression patterns in the investigated skin cancer types indicate that the different pH-GPCRs may have distinct functions in tumor progression and serve as novel therapeutic targets.

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40-Year Trends in Skin Cancer in British Columbia, Canada, 1973 to 2003

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.2310/7750.2011.11001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 83-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David I. Mclean ◽

Norm Phillips ◽

Youwen Zhou ◽

Richard Gallagher ◽

Tim K. Lee

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Canadian Population ◽

Novel Method ◽

Over Time

Background: Skin cancer is common in North America. Incidence rate trends are potentially important in the assessment of the effects of measures to increase sun awareness in the population as well as measures to reduce sun damage. Objective: To determine the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in a geographically defined Canadian population over a 40-year period. Methods: Data were obtained from the BC Cancer Registry for the calendar years 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates increased significantly from 1973 to 2003 for BCC, SCC, and CMM. Limitations: The ethnic makeup of British Columbia has changed over time, and a novel method of accounting for the effect of this on skin cancer rates is presented. Conclusion: The incidence rate for skin cancers continued to rise in British Columbia, but there appears to have been a decline in the incidence of CMM and BCC in the youngest cohorts.

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Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratosis and Field of Cancerization with Topical Piroxicam 0.8% and Sunscreen 50+ in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Series of 10 Cases

Case Reports in Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000481770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Virginia Garofalo ◽

Alessandra Ventura ◽

Sara Mazzilli ◽

Laura Diluvio ◽

Luca Bianchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Medical Device ◽

Actinic Keratosis ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽

Organ Transplant Recipient ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Melanoma Skin

Organ transplant recipient (OTR) subjects are at high risk of skin cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered the precursor of these non-melanoma skin cancers. Sun protection is mandatory in subjects with AK and this preventive strategy is very important in OTR. Treatment of the field of cancerization is also crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence of skin lesions in AK and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. Activation of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. Topical application of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as diclofenac and, more recently, piroxicam has shown to reduce AK lesions in immunocompetent subjects. A medical device containing piroxicam and SPF 50+ sunscreen filters (P+SS) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AK lesions and improving the field of cancerization. We report the effect of P+SS, applied for 16 weeks, in a case series of 10 OTR subjects with multiple AK lesions. P+SS treatment was associated with a relevant AK lesion reduction (>75%) in 7 patients (with a complete clearance in 3 subjects) with an improvement in the field of cancerization. This medical device could be considered a promising long-term curative and preventive treatment in OTR patients at high risk of non-melanoma skin cancers.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Three Case Reports

Case Reports in Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000452438 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 311-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mamadou Kaloga ◽

Pauline Dioussé ◽

Boubacar Ahy Diatta ◽

Mariama Bammo ◽

Sarah Kourouma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽

Case Reports ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Black Skin ◽

The Mean ◽

Sub Saharan

Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease predisposes patients to early-onset skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report 3 pediatric cases, including 2 deaths. Observation: The subjects included 2 boys and 1 girl with skin type VI. All subjects were from consanguineous marriages, and the average age was 7.6 years. The patients all had ulcerative budding tumor lesions in the cephalic region, and the mean disease duration was 18 months. In all 3 cases, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made before the poikilodermal appearance of sun-exposed areas and photophobia. Neurological-type mental retardation was noted in 1 case. Histology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 cases. The evolutions were marked by the death of 2 children (cases 1 and 3). In one case, the outcome was favorable following cancer excision and subsequent chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious complication related to xeroderma pigmentosum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention is based on the early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum, black skin photoprotection, screening and early treatment of lesions, and genetic counseling.

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Docetaxel-Induced Systemic Sclerosis with Internal Organ Involvement Masquerading as Congestive Heart Failure

Case Reports in Immunology ◽

10.1155/2017/4249157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bumsoo Park ◽

Raghavendra C. Vemulapalli ◽

Amit Gupta ◽

Maria E. Shreve ◽

Della A. Rees

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Case Reports ◽

Organ Involvement ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Skin Changes ◽

Cutaneous Side Effects ◽

First Case ◽

Kidney Involvement ◽

Cutaneous Side Effect ◽

Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a complex medical disorder characterized by limited or diffuse skin thickening with frequent involvement of internal organs such as lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or kidneys. Docetaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent which has been associated with cutaneous side effects. An uncommon cutaneous side effect of docetaxel is scleroderma-like skin changes that extend from limited to diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Several case reports have been published regarding the association of docetaxel and systemic sclerosis. However, those reports demonstrated the association between docetaxel and scleroderma-like skin changes without internal organ involvement. Here, we report a case of systemic sclerosis with pulmonary arterial hypertension and a microangiopathic kidney involvement induced by docetaxel chemotherapy. After an exhaustive literature review, this could be the first case of docetaxel-induced systemic sclerosis involving internal organs.

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The consequences of ozone layer depletion on the health of Poles – a case study of skin melanoma

Olsztyn Economic Journal ◽

10.31648/oej.3973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 223-236

Author(s):

Stanisław Wieteska ◽

Małgorzata Jabłońska

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Life Insurance ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Skin Neoplasms ◽

Ozone Layer ◽

Skin Melanoma ◽

Ozone Layer Depletion ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Raising Awareness

This article presents the results of the observation of cases of skin melanomas in Poland. Dermatologists raise the problem of increased sunlight penetration and the unreasonable use of solar radiation. This causes numerous cases of skin cancer. The aim of the article is to signal the threat posed by the depletion of the ozone layer in Poland. The article uses a research method based on an analysis of statistical data on skin cancers, supported by the available research in this area. Studies show that the incidence of skin cancer in Poland in 2007-2016 nearly doubled. Women are more prone than men to skin neoplasms. The mortality rate due to skin melanoma also increased dramatically. In the article, we point to the need of raising awareness of the hazards, and consider the coverage of treatment costs by life insurance as one of the options to protect the health of insured persons. We also raise the problem of prophylaxis on the basis of sunscreen cosmetic products.

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