scholarly journals Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty ◽  
Melanie Rose D’Souza

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p  < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p  < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

Author(s):  
SALEH NUHU ◽  
HAUWA IDRIS AHMAD ◽  
AISHA MUHAMMAD GARBA ◽  
TASIU ABDULLAHI SULAIMAN

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the histologic and motor activity effect of lead on prenatally and postnatally exposed Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, twelve Wistar Rats were used and grouped into four groups of two females and one male. Group I rats served as the control and allowed feed and water freely. The rats in Group II were administered 500ppm of Pb through drinking water from gestation day 8 (GD8) to parturition (GD21). While Group III rats were given 500ppm of Pb in drinking water from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND21. The rats in the fourth group (Group IV) were given 500ppm of Pb from GD8 to PND21. Palmer grasp reflex was conducted to assess the motor activity of the rat pups. The animals were then humanely sacrificed and the frontal cortices were isolated for routine histological processing. Results: The histological study has shown normal neurons in the control group while degenerating cells exhibiting karyolysis, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, vacuolation were seen in the lead-treated groups. Group II and Group IV showed considerate deficit in their motor activity while Group III showed mild effect. Conclusion: From this study, lead exposure of Wistar rats at both prenatal and postnatal period of development has effect on the histology of the frontal cortex as well as on their motor activity.


Author(s):  
Swanand S. Pathak ◽  
Nikhil S. Yadav

Background: Children require more nutrition as organs grow fast in this age group. Due to abundance of various commercial health supplements in market, parents are often confused about selection of health supplements. Traditional foods are rich source of various nutrients required by growing children. We conducted a study to compare strength, stamina and growth enhancing ability of commercial health supplement and natural health supplement on wistar rats.Methods: Total of 24 wistar rats were included. Animals were divided in four groups. Each group of rats except control group were receiving health supplements. Group I, group II, group III and group IV were receiving health supplement I, health supplement II, natural health supplement and no health supplement (control group) for 60 days. Strength and stamina of wistar rats in each group were analysed using grip strength meter and swim stress test, growth of rats in each group were analysed by measuring body length, tail length and body weight. Group of rat showing maximum growth (body length, tail length and body weight), strength and stamina were analysed.Results: Group II rats showed greater strength and stamina followed by group I, group III and group IV respectively. Group I rats showed maximum growth followed by group II, group III and group IV respectively.Conclusions: In the current study we found that strength and stamina were greater in group II rats followed by group I, group III and group IV respectively also group I rats showed maximum growth  followed by group II, group III and group IV respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Medhat Taha ◽  
Mohie Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽  
Mamdouh Eldesoqui ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Iesa ◽  
Tourki A. S. Baokbah ◽  
...  

Background: Nicotine is the active alkaloid in cigarettes. It was reported that tobacco smoking has many hazards; one of these hazards is the effect on the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex. The aim of our study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of ginger, cinnamon oils, and their combination on morphological changes in the prefrontal cortex that were induced by nicotine. Materials and methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I (control group), group II (nicotine), group III (nicotine + cinnamon), group IV (nicotine + ginger), and group V (nicotine + cinnamon + ginger). The coronal sections from the anterior part of the rat brain at the site of prefrontal cortex were examined by light microscope for (H&E and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and GFAP), while the ultrastructure morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Levels of the oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH) in the rats’ brain tissue homogenate were biochemically assessed. Results: Compared to the control group, the rats that were treated with nicotine (group II) showed a significant oxidative stress in the form of marked elevation of MDA and decrease in GSH, apoptotic changes especially in the pyramidal cells in the form of neuronal cell degeneration and pyknosis, and an elevation in the inflammatory marker TNF-α and GFAP expressions. These changes were observed to a lesser degree in rat group (III) and group (IV), while there was a marked improvement achieved by the combined usage of cinnamon and ginger oils, together compared to the nicotine group. Conclusions: Ginger and cinnamon are powerful antioxidants which ameliorate the degenerative and oxidative effects produced by nicotine on a rat’s prefrontal cortex.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friska W. F. Panjaitan ◽  
Marie M. Kaseke ◽  
George N. Tanudjaja

Abstract: Papaya leaves contain several antioxidants (flavonoid, tanin, and vitamin C) which have antiatherogenic effects that may inhibit the progression of an atherosclerotic lesion. One of the risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the consumption of food containing highly saturated fatty acids e.g. lard. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) accumulate within the intima and then are oxidized (LDL-ox). This LDL-ox is ingested by macrophages, resulting in foam-cell formation (early lesion of atherosclerosis). This study aimed to find out the histological features of the aorta of wistar rats having lard diets without the addition of the papaya leaf extract; having lard diets along with the papaya leaf extract; and having lard diets followed by papaya leaf extract. This was an experimental study on 16 wistar rats divided into 4 groups: group I without treatment (negative control group), group II lard diet for 14 days (positive control group), group III lard diet with papaya leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group I), and group IV lard diet for 14 days, and then followed by papaya leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group II). It was found that the aorta of group I showed adipose cells in the intima and media layers; group II and III showed foam cells in both layers; and group IV showed foam cells in fewer numbers than group II. Conclusion: The aorta histological features of wistar rats given lard diets for 14 days, with or without papaya leaf extract, showed foam cells in the intima and media layers. Papaya leaf extraxt added to lard diets had no effect on decreasing foam cells (no protective effect), meanwhile papaya leaf extract following lard diets showed a reduction of foam cells (therapeutic effect). Keywords: papaya leaf, lard dietary, foam cells, wistar rat.   Abstrak: Daun pepaya mengandung antioksidan (flavonoid, vitamin C) yang berefek anti-aterogenik, sehingga diharapkan dapat menghambat perkembangan lesi aterosklerosis. Salah satu faktor risiko penyebab aterosklerosis yaitu makanan yang berkandungan tinggi asam lemak jenuh, antara lain lemak babi. Konsumsi lemak jenuh berlebihan dapat mengganggu fungsi sel endotel, sehingga lipoprotein berdensitas rendah (LDL) dapat masuk dan menjadi LDL teroksidasi (LDL-oks). Makrofag menangkap LDL-oks dan menjadi sel busa (lesi dini aterosklerosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologik aorta tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya, diet lemak babi bersamaan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya, dan setelah diet lemak babi dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 16 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kelompok I tanpa perlakuan (kelompok kontrol negatif); kelompok II dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari (kelompok kontrol positif); kelompok III dengan diet lemak babi serta pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan I); dan kelompok IV dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari, dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan II). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan gambaran histologi aorta kelompok I tampak perlemakan; pada kelompok II terdapat sel-sel busa; pada kelompok III masih terdapat sel-sel busa; dan pada kelompok IV terdapat sel-sel busa, namun dalam jumlah yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan pada gambaran kelompok II. Simpulan: Tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari, baik dengan maupun tanpa ekstrak daun pepaya, memperlihatkan gambaran histologik adanya sel-sel busa pada tunika intima dan tunika media aorta. Pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya bersamaan dengan diet lemak babi tidak berefek menurunkan jumlah sel busa (tidak ada efek protektif) sedangkan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya setelah diet lemak babi berefek mengurangi jumlah sel-sel busa yang terbentuk (efek terapi). Kata kunci: daun pepaya, diet lemak babi, sel-sel busa, tikus wistar.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritawaty Ritawaty ◽  
Indriyanti Rafi Sukmawati ◽  
Ilhamjaya Patellongi ◽  
Ferry Sandra

BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) was reported recently to be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and increased amino acid. However, role of GGT in insulin resistance pathomechanism is not exactly known. Therefore correlation of GGT with inflammation, oxidative stress and elevated amino acid, in men with central obesity need to be confirmed.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. Men with central obesity were recruited and selected. Anthropometric parameters, creatinine, hs-CRP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, GGT, plasma total cysteine (tCys) and fatty liver were measured. Subjects were then divided in 4 groups based on waist circumference (WC) and fatty liver: Group I: WC ≤100 cm, without fatty liver; Group II: WC ≤100 cm, with fatty liver; Group III: WC >100 cm, without fatty liver; Group IV: WC >100 cm, with fatty liver. All biochemical characteristics in each group were then statistically analyzed.RESULTS: Seventy-two men with central obesity were selected. Numbers of subjects in each group were: Group I: n=33; Group II: n=5; Group III: n=17; Group IV: n=17. We found significant difference of HOMA-IR between Group I and IV, significant correlation between GGT and HOMAIR, and significant negative correlation between tCys with HOMA-IR in Group IV.CONCLUSION: GGT was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR in men with WC >100 cm and fatty liver. Further investigation with more subjects is necessary to determine clear GGT cut-off to distinguish subjects with fatty liver and insulin resistance.KEYWORDS: GGT, hs-CRP, GPx, tCys, HOMA-IR, insulin resistance


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.


2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rewari ◽  
R. Madan ◽  
H. L. Kaul ◽  
L. Kumar

We studied remifentanil and propofol for analgesia and sedation during the placement of an ophthalmic block. Eighty ASA I or II patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under a retrobulbar block in a rural camp setting were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups and received different drug combinations as follows: Group I—remifentanil 1 μg/kg, Group II—remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg and propofol 0.5 mg/kg, Group III— remifentanil 1 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg and Group IV—saline 0.1 ml/kg. Patients were observed for degree of movement, sedation, pain, recall and respiratory depression. No patient in the study groups reported pain or displayed movement whereas most of the patients in the control group had significant pain during the placement of the block. Also, seven (35%) patients in the control group showed significant movement which may have led to failure of block in two patients and retrobulbar haemorrhage in one patient. Incidence of significant respiratory depression was maximum in Group III patients (60%), followed by Group I (20%) and least in Group II (5%). All patients in the study groups remained cooperative and obeyed commands except four patients in group III (OAA/S-4). Postoperatively, other than the control group, recall was maximum in Group I (55%) and least in Group II (5%). Hence, a combination of remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg as a bolus was considered to provide excellent relief of pain and anxiety with least adverse effects for the placement of ophthalmic blocks.


Author(s):  
A. Pelit ◽  
Taº Tekin ◽  
A. Demirkazýk ◽  
K. Daðlýoðlu

This study examined the changes in skeletal muscle contraction parameters after the injection of bupivacaine into the gastrocnemius muscle in diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats (230–270 g) were divided into four groups: Group I: Untreated healthy control; Group II: Healthy injected with Bupivacaine; Group III: Diabetic control; Group IV: Diabetic injected with bupivacaine. The diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) injection at 45 mg/kg in tail vein. On 7th day of streptozotocin injection, the rats in groups II and IV were injected with 0.25% bupivacaine at 8 mg/kg body weight into the gastrocnemius muscle. Three weeks post bupivacaine application, the animals were sacrificed and right leg gastrocnemius muscle was isolated for studying various parameters such as muscle twitch, tetanic force, contraction and relaxation time, and maximum contraction and relaxation rates. The blood glucose estimation showed that the rats in group III and IV developed diabetes at two days after administration of streptozotocin. The administration of bupivacaine resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the muscle twitch parameters both in Group II and Group IV. Thus, bupivacaine can increase muscle contractility in diabetic muscles also.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Uche C. Njoku ◽  
Benjamin A. Amadi ◽  
Peter U. Amadi ◽  
Onyebuchi E. Ezendiokwere ◽  
Idongesit E. Archibong

Summary The effect of aqueous matured stem extract of Opuntia dillenii on selected biochemical parameters in Male Wistar rats was explored. Standard analytical methods were applied. Forty Wistar rats (80-100g) were used in the animal studies, separated into four groups. The control group was solely administered normal feed and saline, group I was administered 100mgkg−1 of the extract, group II received 300mgkg−1 of the extract and group III received 500 mg/kg−1 of the extract. A significant increase (p<0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase was observed in group II and III rats, as compared with the controls. A significant decrease in urea and creatinine concentrations was found only in group III rats against the controls. Also, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was seen in group II and group III rats when compared with the control. The hematological evaluation revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in red blood cell and hemoglobin levels in group III rats when compared with the control. The findings showed both beneficial and toxicological effects of the plant. Hence, for optimal therapeutic benefits, a further toxicological survey could still be carried out perhaps at higher doses.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Sari Tappi ◽  
Poppy Lintong ◽  
Lily Loho

Abstract: Liver is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity. As the center of metabolism in the body, liver is potentially damaged by exposure of toxic substances, inter alia carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) produces CCl3 free radicals that can damage the liver. In Indonesia, there are a lot of natural ingredients that have antioxidant properties, such as tomato. Lycopene in tomatoes contains antioxidant compounds that can prevent damages due to free radical. This study aimed to obtain liver histopathological changes of wistar rats fed with tomato juice after being induced of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was an experimental study, using 10 wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the negative control; group II was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was terminated on day 6; group III was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was given tomato juice 3 ml/day, and terminated on day 13; group IV was induced by CCl4 0,05 cc/day, given regular pellets, and terminated on day 13. The results showed that group II had histopathological changes of the liver indicating fatty liver, meanwhile group III showed regeneration of nearly all liver cells. Conclusion: Administration of tomato juice after the induction of 3 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 7 day showed regeneration of almost all liver cells. Keywords: histopathological changes of the liver, carbon tetrachloride, tomato juice.   Abstrak: Hati merupakan organ terbesar dalam rongga abdomen, dan pusat metabolisme tubuh dengan fungsi yang sangat kompleks dan sangat berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat terpapar oleh bahan-bahan toksik, salah satunya yaitu karbon tertraklorida (CCL4). Metabolisme CCl4 menghasilkan radikal bebas CCl3 yang dapat merusak hati. Di Indonesia terdapat  banyak sekali bahan-bahan alami yang mempunyai kandungan antioksidan, salah satunya yaitu tomat. Tomat mengandung senyawa likopen sebagai antioksidan yang dapat mencegah kerusakan jaringan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histopatologi hati tikus wistar yang diberi jus tomat pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Metode penelitian ialah eksperimental. Sampel sebanyak 10 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif; kelompok II diinduksi CCl4 0,05cc/perhari dan diterminasi hari ke-6; kelompok III diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan jus tomat 3ml/hari;  dan kelompok IV diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan pelet biasa dan diterminasi hari ke-13. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pemberian CCl4 pada tikus wistar selama 5 hari terdapat gambaran morfologik perlemakan sel hati. Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) menunjukkan terjadinya regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Simpulan: Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) selama 7 hari menunjukkan regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Kata kunci: gambaran histopatologi hati, karbon tetraklorida, jus tomat.


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