scholarly journals Tuberculosis among Migrant Populations in Sicily: A Field Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tullio Prestileo ◽  
Giuseppe Pipitone ◽  
Adriana Sanfilippo ◽  
Antonio Ficalora ◽  
Giuseppe Natoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Western Sicily ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Field Report ◽  
The Eu

Background. In the EU, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects vulnerable people, including migrants. From 2014 to 2017, we have estimated the frequency of both tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the migrant population hosted in 41 reception centers in western Sicily (ITaCA network). Materials and Methods. All migrants were consecutively recruited for the screening of TB infection with physical examination and TST in 1,020 migrants and with IGRA in the others 2,690. The screening was carried out 4–8 weeks after landing in Sicily. For all migrants with a positive screening test, chest X-ray and smear examination were performed. LTBI was defined by positivity of TST or IGRA with negative X-ray chest, clinical, and smear examination. Active TB was defined by radiological and/or clinical and/or sputum positivity in a patient with a TST or IGRA positivity. Results. We evaluated a total of 3,710 migrants, of which 89% came from Sub-Saharan countries; 2,811 were males, 899 were females, with a median age of 22 years (IQR: 18–25). TB infection was diagnosed in 501 persons (13.5%) of which 440 (11.8%) had LTBI and 61 had active TB (1.6%): 1 had lymph node TB, 1 had intestinal TB, and 59 had pulmonary TB (38 sputum smear positive TB; no drug-resistant TB were observed). Conclusions. TB screening is critical to early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Diagnostic Method for Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in Suspected Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
AR Khagi ◽  
S Singh ◽  
S Subba ◽  
A Bajracharya ◽  
R Tuladhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sputum Smear Examination

Background: Microbial examination of smear of AFB by Z-N stain is currently the most rapid method for the detection of M. tuberculosis but its sensitivity is low i.e. required at least 10,000 bacterial cells per ml of sputum and also none specific, but auramine staining method has higher sensitivity than that of the Z-N stain but there are chances of false positive. Objective of this study was to find the correlation between chest X-ray, direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Auramine fluorochrome stain and sputum culture for M. tuberculosis. Methods: During that study period 250 x 3 samples were taken three each from 250 patients and divided into two groups A and B by performing Auramine fluorochrome stain in all samples . In group A, there were 150 fluorochrome stain positive samples. One each from 150 patient for comparative study of direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, , culture on LJ medium and chest X-ray. Similarly in group B, next 100 fluorochrome stain negative specimens one each from 100 patients were taken for the comparative study of direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, culture and chest X-ray. Results: In the study group A (n=150) all the specimens were positive in Auramine fluorochrome stain and all of them show positive in X-ray but only 134 showed positive in Ziehl-Neelsen stain and 136 showed positive in culture. In the study group B (n=100), all the specimens were negative in Auramine fluorochrome stain and all of them show negative in Ziehl-Neelsen stain but 14 of them were positive in culture and 24 were positive in chest X-ray. Conclusions: The diagnosis of PTB could be made by Auramine fluorochrome microscopy and culture. Key words: auramine fluorochrome stain; culture; mycobacterium tuberculosis; x-ray; ziehl-neelsen. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3012 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 84-88

scholarly journals Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Behzadmehr ◽  
E. Nejadkehkha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chest X Ray

Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study is conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, this study was done to determine The relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in Zabol city, southeast of Iran from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.68 ± 13.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively.  In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (, the frequency of Cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians better diagnose TB.

scholarly journals Characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Kirenga ◽  
Winters Muttamba ◽  
Alex Kayongo ◽  
Christopher Nsereko ◽  
Trishul Siddharthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Muscle Ache

RationaleDetailed data on the characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa are limited.ObjectiveWe determined the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Uganda.MeasurementsAs of the 16 May 2020, a total of 203 cases had been confirmed. We report on the first 56 patients; 29 received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and 27 did not. Endpoints included admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation or death during hospitalisation.Main resultsThe median age was 34.2 years; 67.9% were male; and 14.6% were <18 years. Up 57.1% of the patients were asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were fever (21.4%), cough (19.6%), rhinorrhea (16.1%), headache (12.5%), muscle ache (7.1%) and fatigue (7.1%). Rates of comorbidities were 10.7% (pre-existing hypertension), 10.7% (diabetes) and 7.1% (HIV), Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥30 36.6%. 37.0% had a blood pressure (BP) of >130/90 mm Hg, and 27.8% had BP of >140/90 mm Hg. Laboratory derangements were leucopenia (10.6%), lymphopenia (11.1%) and thrombocytopenia (26.3%). Abnormal chest X-ray was observed in 14.3%. No patients reached the primary endpoint. Time to clinical recovery was shorter among patients who received HCQ, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionMost of the patients with COVID-19 presented with mild disease and exhibited a clinical trajectory not similar to other countries. Outcomes did not differ by HCQ treatment status in line with other concluded studies on the benefit of using HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Satsuki Ishikawa ◽  
Olivia Mari Matsuo ◽  
Flavio Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. Methods: A retrospective study, between 2012 and 2015, with data from patients of Programa Einstein na Comunidade de Paraisópolis. To evaluate possible factors associated with patient's sex and diagnoses of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were used for qualitative variables, and Mann-Whitney test for quantitative or ordinal qualitative variables. Results: A total of 77 patients were evaluated. Age ranged from 6 months to 13.4 years, with a majority of males (54.5%), aged zero to 4 years (54.5%), diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (64.9%), and classified as eutrophic (71.2%). The tuberculin test was positive in 92% and in most cases the values were above 10mm (68.0%). Approximately three-quarters of chest X-ray tests were normal (72.7%). After chest X-ray, computed tomography of thorax was the most ordered exam (29.9%), followed by smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the gastric aspirate (28.6%). The frequencies of altered chest X-ray (70.4% versus 4.0%), computed tomography of thorax requests (55.6% versus 16.0%) and other tests requested (81.5% versus 38.0%) were significantly higher in patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis, relative to those with latent tuberculosis infection, respectively. Conclusion: In our sample, proportions of altered chest X-ray, and performing computed tomography of thorax and other tests in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis were higher than in those with latent tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals Compliance of St Joseph’s Hospital Roma, Lesotho with the National Tuberculosis Programme of Lesotho, 2007 and 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladoyinbo O. Samuel ◽  
Pierre J.T. De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
National Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Smear Negative

Background: In 2009 Lesotho had an estimated TB prevalence of 696 cases/100 000 population − the 4th highest in the world. This epidemic was characterised by high rates of death, treatment failure and unknown treatment outcomes. These adverse outcomes were attributable to a high rate of TB and/or HIV co-infection and weaknesses in the implementation of Lesotho’s National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP). This study was conducted in St Joseph’s Hospital, Roma (SJHR) to assess the implementation of the NTP.Method: Records of 993 patients entered into the SJHR TB register between 2007 and 2008 were reviewed. Patients’ treatment details were extracted from the register, validated and analysed by STATA 10.0.Results: Of 993 patients registered: 88% were new patients, 37% were diagnosed on sputum smear microscopy alone, 35% were diagnosed on sputum smear microscopy with chest X-ray, whilst 25% were diagnosed on chest X-ray alone. In addition: 33% were sputum smear positive, 45% were sputum smear negative, and 22% had extra-pulmonary TB. As to treatment outcome: 26% were cured, 51% completed treatment, and 51% converted from sputum smear positive to sputum smear negative over six months, whilst 16% died. Regarding HIV, 77% of patients were tested for HIV and 59% had TB and/or HIV co-infection. Of ten NTP targets only the defaulter and treatment failure rate targets were met.Conclusion: Whilst only two out of ten NTP targets were met at SJHR in 2007–2008, improvements in TB case management were noted in 2008 which were probably due to the positive effects of audit on staff performance.

Chest X-ray vs. Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative tuberculosis in Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wekesa ◽  
B. J. Kirenga ◽  
M. L. Joloba ◽  
F. Bwanga ◽  
A. Katamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sputum Smear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Smear Negative

scholarly journals Diagnostic bronchoscopy: an experience in a hospital of limited resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3558
Author(s):  
Chingakham Debeshwar Singh ◽  
P. Wilubuibou ◽  
Thounaojam Amusana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diagnostic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Background: Diagnostic bronchoscopy is conventionally performed in evaluating undiagnosed abnormal chest x-ray findings, undiagnosed haemoptysis, pleural effusion, unexplained cough and collapse of lung etc. One indispensable use currently is for diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of the study was to study the various types of patients who have undergone Diagnostic Bronchoscopy in a hospital of limited resources and the diagnostic outcomes of the procedures.Methods: A retrospective study of Bronchoscopies was done from October 2016 to January 2018, in Department of Respiratory Medicine in the hospital of a Medical College. All 178 patients of all age and any sex were included in the study. These patients present in the study had chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax. Other investigations done were ZN stains for AFB and CBNAAT-TB (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) for sputum and blood complete haemogram, prior to bronchoscopy.Results: Our study has shown that Diagnostic bronchoscopy is particularly useful in diagnosis of lung cancer, sputum smear negative Tuberculosis, if proper selection of cases is done even in a centre of limited resources. It has become an absolute necessity in a medical college hospital.Conclusions: Bronchoscopy in our resource limited set up shows that it is an indispensable tool for diagnosis of lung cancer with patients with clinical presentations of lung collapse, unresolved consolidation, lung masses, undiagnosed pleural effusions and haemoptysis. The usefulness can be much better if facilities like TBNA, EBUS are made available.

Shifting Maghreb migration may prompt EU cooperation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
North African ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Difficult Transition ◽  
The Eu

Subject Migration impact on Maghreb. Significance Morocco hosted a summit on African migration on October 31, calling for a common African stance to the growing migration challenge. EU incentives to Libya and Sahelian governments have decreased migrant crossings from Libya, which has been the primary channel for sea crossings. As a result, more migrants are using alternative routes in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and staying longer in those countries. Shifting migration trends are forcing North African governments to think about the impact of growing sub-Saharan migrant populations within their borders. Impacts Sub-Saharan migrants could become lightning rods for governments in North Africa struggling with high unemployment and low economic growth. North African policies towards migrant populations will affect bilateral relations with governments in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The EU may need to pay more attention to Tunisia, which is grappling with economic problems and a difficult transition.

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