scholarly journals Effect of the Number of Nozzles of Swirl Flow Generator Utilized in Flat Plate Solar Collector: An Entropic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yan Cao ◽  
Hamdi Ayed ◽  
Tuqa Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Taza Gul ◽  
Abdul Bariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
Swirl Generator ◽  
Flow Generator ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Transfer Improvement

The numerical model of the pipes of a flat plate solar collector (FPSC) with several nozzles has been investigated in the present study. Indeed, the effect of the number of nozzles of the swirl generator on the entropic characteristics has been evaluated. The nozzles were applied for improving the performance of FPSC. For evaluating the proposed system based on the entropy concept, the effect of injection angle and mass flow rate has been considered. The selected injection angles were 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Also, the total mass flow rates entered from all of the nozzles were 0.2 kg/s, 1 kg/s, and 2 kg/s. The effect of said variables on frictional and thermal entropy generations was analyzed; then, the overall energetic-entropic performance of the system was predicted using several dimensionless parameters including NE, NS, Nu ∗ , and heat transfer improvement (HTI). Moreover, Witte-Shamsundar efficiency ( η W − S ) was applied to pinpoint the efficiency of the system. The highest value of HTI and η W − S was 1.7 and 0.9 that achieved by “single-nozzle; A90-D50-N12.5-M0.2” and “quad-nozzle; A30-D50-N12.5-M2,” respectively.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MASS FLOW RATES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLAT-PLATE SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM USING CuO/WATER NANOFLUID

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 6376-6380
Author(s):  
P.Michael Joseph Stalin ◽  
T.V. Arjunan ◽  
N. Sadanandam
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

One of the effective ways of increasing the efficiency of flat plate solar collector is to utilize nanofluids which are having high thermal conductivity. In the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of mass flow rates on the performance of flat plate solar collector using CuO/water nanofluid. The experimental set up consists of flat plate solar collector; storage tank and ladder type heat exchanger. The instantaneous efficiency of solar collector is calculated by taking lower volume fraction of 0.01% with average particle size of 30 nm and varying the flow rate from 1 lpm to 3 lpm, as per ASHRAE standard, with and without Triton X-100 surfactant. The experimental results reveal that utilizing the nanofluid with mass flow rate at 1.5 lpm increases the collector efficiency by 19.7%. 

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoplatelets Suspended in Different Basefluids Based Solar Collector: An Experimental and Analytical Study

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Omer Alawi ◽  
Haslinda Kamar ◽  
Abdul Mallah ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Mohd Sabrudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

A flat plate solar collector (FPSC) was analytically studied, with functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (f-GNPs) as its working fluid. Four samples (wt % nanofluids) were prepared in different base fluids such as ethylene glycol (EG), distilled water (DW):EG (70:30), and DW:EG (50:50). Experimental results (via DW) were used to verify the effectiveness of the analytical model. Some of the operating conditions were taken into account in this research, including temperatures, power, and mass flow rates. Experimental techniques were used to elucidate the modified nanofluids’ physicochemical properties, such as its particle sizes, stability, and morphology, involving electron microscopes (EMs), UV–VIS, and X-ray techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to test the thermal analysis. The findings confirmed that the use of f-GNPs nanofluids enhanced the performance of the FPSC relative to the use of base fluids for all testing conditions. The maximum enhancement of the collector’s effectiveness at a mass flow rate of 1.5 kg min−1 and a weight concentration of 0.1 wt %, increased to 12.69%, 12.60%, and 12.62% in the case of EG, DW:EG (70:30), and DW:EG (50:50), respectively. The results also confirmed an improvement in both the heat gain (FR(τα)) and heat loss (FRUL) coefficients for the f-GNPs nanofluid.

scholarly journals Particle Optimization of Ceo2/Water Nanofluids in Flat Plate Solar Collector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1467-1474 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

The present research focuses on the role of CeO2/water nanofluid for estimating the performance of flat plate solar collector in respect of energetic and exergetic performance. Based on our experimental findings on varying mass flow rate, the present analysis focuses on a wide range of concentrations to find optimum volume concentration for which thermal performance is maximum. CeO2/water nanofluid exhibits high thermal conductivity improvement (~41.7%at 1.5% volume concentration) and comparatively lower dynamic viscosity. Performance evaluation of flat plate collector is based on first law analysis and qualitative nature of energy flow based on second law analysis. Experiments indicate that for~1.0% particle volume concentration at a mass flow rate of 0.03 kg/s, maximum collector efficiency is obtained up to 57.1% instead of water as the base fluid. Exergetic efficiency observed 84.6%at optimum concentration (~1.0% particle volume) of nanofluid at0.01 kg/s flow rate.

scholarly journals Optimization Of The Flow Distribution In VGroove Flat Plate Solar Collector using Cfd Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4177-4182
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Uniform Flow Distribution ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

Flat plate solar collector is the major component of a solar heating system that converts solar radiation to thermal energy. It provides clean energy at no operating cost, however, its poor performance constitutes a serious drawback to adopt it for small application. This inefficiency is the result of involved thermal losses and the lack of full exploitation of the available energy. To exploit the maximum potential, the working fluid flow should be uniformly distributed through the collector to extract the heat from the hot absorbing surface. This study addresses the uniformity of the flow distribution for v-groove flat plate solar collector for water heating to optimize the performance of the collector. The study investigated the effect of the manifold geometry and the number of the side riser channels on the flow distribution by using numerical computational fluid dynamics simulation on Ansys Fluent Software. The mass flow rate was optimized for maximum thermal performance and then the optimum point was used for investigating the flow distribution. The simulation was validated against experimental data from literature with 99% confidence. The study found that the circular manifold gives uniform flow distribution with a standard deviation of 5% at the optimum mass flow rate of 11.5g/s. the study concluded that the tapered circular manifold is the optimum geometry for uniform flow distribution as it provides the least pressure difference inside the manifold.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Energy Efficiency in a Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Monolayer Graphene Nanofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5416
Author(s):  
Omer A. Alawi ◽  
Haslinda Mohamed Kamar ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mallah ◽  
Hussein A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohd Aizad Sazrul Sabrudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Collector Efficiency ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

Flat-plate solar collectors are one of the cleanest and most efficient heating systems available. Studies on the presence of covalently functionalized graphene (Gr) suspended in distilled water as operating fluids inside an indoor flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) were experimentally and theoretically performed. These examinations were conducted under different testing conditions namely 0.025%-wt., 0.05%-wt., 0.075%-wt., and 0.1%-wt., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/min, 30, 40, and 50 °C, and 500, 750, and 1000 W/m2. Various techniques were used to characterize the functionalized nanofluids’ stability and morphological properties namely UV/Vis spectrophotometry, EDX analysis with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), zeta potential, and nanoparticle size. The results showed that the collected heat improved as the percentage of GrNPs and the fluid mass flow rates increased, although it decreased as the reduced temperature coefficient increased, whereas the maximum increase in collector efficiency at higher concentration was 13% and 12.5% compared with distilled water at 0.025 kg/s. Finally, a new correlation was developed for the base fluid and nanofluids’ thermal efficiency as a function of dropped temperature parameter and weight concentration with 2.758% and 4.232% maximum deviations.

Optimum Utilisation of CuO Nanofluid in Flat Plate Solar Collector

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 8384-8396
Author(s):  
Nang Khin Chaw Sint ◽  
I. A. Choudhury ◽  
H. H. Masjuki
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

The optimum utilisation of CuO-nanofluid in flat plate solar collector has been investigated under Malaysian climatic condition. To determine the optimum nanoparticle concentration required in the base fluid, a simulation was carried out using MATLAB program. From the simulation, it was found that, 0.5 vol.% of CuO nanoparticles in the base fluid yielded maximum collector efficiency. The test was conducted over six months following the ASHRAE standard with nanofluid in the flat plate collector to ascertain its efficiency. The maximum average solar radiation incident on the collector, collector outlet and ambient temperatures were observed about 1000 W/m2, 50 ºC and 38 ºC respectively. From the efficiency curve, the absorbed and removed energy parameters were found to be 0.501 and 24.23 respectively. At a mass flow rate of one litre per minute, the maximum average instantaneous efficiency was 51%. The result of experimental efficiency was compared with the result of simulation and the efficiency values were within 4% of each other. CuO nanofluid base collector increases the efficiency compared to water as the collector fluid. The experimental results revealed that the efficiency of FPSC with CuO nanofluid was 4.78% higher than water base collector at the same mass flow rate of 1 L/min. The uncertainty analysis of result has shown that instantaneous efficiency uncertainty was about 3.3%. The simulation result has indeed minimised number of experiments required to determine the optimum concentration of nanofluid for maximum efficiency.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector using thermally treated graphene-based nanofluids: Experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 184798042096461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer A Alawi ◽  
Haslinda Mohamed Kamar ◽  
Hussein A Mohammed ◽  
AR Mallah ◽  
Omar A Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Fluid Mass ◽  
Pentaethylene Glycol ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Thermally Treated

A covalent functionalization approach was utilized for the preparation of highly dispersed pentaethylene glycol-thermally treated graphene-water as the absorbing material inside a flat-plate solar collector. Four mass fractions of nanofluids were prepared (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 wt% pentaethylene glycol-thermally treated graphene-water). Graphene nanoparticles were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis with a scanning electron microscope. Measurements of the thermophysical properties were subsequently carried out for the nanosuspensions. The raw investigation data were collected from an indoor flat-plate solar collector test setup. The experimental procedure included different sets of variables such as input temperatures of 303, 313, and 323 K; fluid mass flow rate of 0.00833, 0.01667, and 0.025 kg s−1; and heat flow density of 500, 750, and 1000 W m−2. The thermophysical tests of pentaethylene glycol-thermally treated graphene-water nanofluids showed a proportional increase against weight concentrations, while the specific heat power was reduced. The tests showed an increment in energy efficiency by increasing the fluid mass flow rate and heat input. By comparison, the thermal efficiency decreased with the increasing temperature of the fluid supply. Relative to the base fluid, the energy efficiency of pentaethylene glycol-thermally treated graphene/water-based flat-plate solar collector increased to 10.6%, 11%, and 13.1% at the three fluid mass flow rates. In conclusion, an exponential form was used to derive the thermal effectiveness of flat-plate solar collector based on the experimental data.

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