scholarly journals Medical Image Enhancement Algorithm for B-Mode Ultrasound Image Analysis of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Weina Liu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yanxia Qiao ◽  
Haiyan Ge ◽  
Cuncun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Pleural Line ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Enhancement Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this paper was to explore the imaging characteristics of lung B-ultrasound images under image enhancement algorithm for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and the therapeutic effect of vitamin A (VA) on NDRS. 30 newborn babies with NRDS in hospital were selected as the experimental group and 30 healthy newborn babies were selected as the control group. All of them received the lung B-ultrasound based on the image enhancement algorithm under the partial differential equation (PDE). The subjects of the control group were given formula milk every day. On the basis of formula milk, the subjects of the experimental group took VA soft capsule orally once a day at noon. Oxidative stress indexes, blood gas indexes, and mechanical ventilation parameters were recorded in the subjects of the two groups. The results of 30 newborn babies with NRDS in the experimental group indicated that the images of 12 cases presented the disappearance of line A and dense or discontinuous distribution of line B; the abnormal pleural line was found in the images of 8 cases; there was lung consolidation under the pleural line, patchy hypoecho, and point-strip hyperecho in the images of 5 cases; the images of 2 cases showed alveolar edema and alveolar interstitial syndrome. Compared with before treatment, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of subjects in the experimental group (87.61 ± 5.79) increased dramatically, but their arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) decreased sharply after treatment (40.07 ± 6.12), with statistically huge differences ( P < 0.05 ). The respiratory rate (RR) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) after treatment were greatly less than those before treatment of subjects in the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ), and the difference was statistically obvious ( P < 0.05 ). By comparing with before treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA) of subjects in the experimental group decreased after treatment while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased considerably, with statistically marked differences ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, lung B-ultrasound based on partial image enhancement algorithm could clearly display the imaging characteristics of NRDS, such as pleural abnormalities and alveolar stroma. Besides, VA could effectively improve the neonatal shortness of breath, which had a good clinical effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Budesonide Combined with Pulmonary Surfactants on the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Pulmonary Ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chuanlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Paco2 Level

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the value of lung ultrasound images in evaluating the efficacy of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in premature infants. Methods. 76 NRDS premature infants admitted to the hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 38 children in each group. The premature infants in control group underwent PS, and those in experimental group underwent budesonide combined with PS. After treatment, lung ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate the curative effect, and X-ray results were used as a reference. The changes in clinical signs of two groups were detected, and the pulmonary ultrasound was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two groups. The changes in the lung ultrasound score (LUS) and arterial blood gas (ABG) indexes of two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results. LUS and improvement of patients of experimental group were obviously higher than those of the control group after treatment. LUS of experimental group was 12.1 ± 3.7, and that of control group was 18.2 ± 2.3, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( P  < 0.05). The arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) levels of two groups of patients increased dramatically after treatment. PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 levels of experimental group were 65.59 ± 12.46 mmHg and 112.57 ± 19.3 mmHg, and those of control group were 45.12 ± 11.21 mmHg and 101.28 ± 21.36 mmHg, respectively. However, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level was significantly decreased in two groups after treatment. PaCO2 level of experimental group was 40.24 ± 8.92 mmHg, and that of control group was 41.22 ± 9.24 mmHg, respectively ( P  < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound images in two groups was 95.3% and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusion. Pulmonary ultrasonography showed a high diagnostic accuracy in evaluating the efficacy of budesonide combined with PS in the treatment of NRDS in premature infants. It can evaluate the cardiopulmonary function of premature infants with NRDS and effectively improve the respiratory status of premature infants. In conclusion, this study provided some reference value for upgrading the clinical treatment of NRDS in premature infants.

scholarly journals Expression of Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Lu Xie ◽  
Xiangyong Kong ◽  
Chunzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Protein B

Summary Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) expression in the pathogenesis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) via detecting the protein and mRNA expression of SP-B. Methods: A total of 60 unrelated neonates who died of RDS were chosen as the RDS group and then subgrouped into ≤32 weeks group, 32∼37 weeks group and ≥37 weeks group (n=20). Sixty neonates who died of other diseases were enrolled as controls and subdivided into 3 matched groups based on the gestational age. Western blot assay and RT-PCR were employed. Results: In the RDS group, SP-B protein expression was reduced or deficient in 8 neonates of which 6 had no SP-B protein expression. In the control group, only 1 had reduced SP-B protein expression. The reduced or deficient SP-B protein expression in 9 neonates of both groups was noted in the ≥37 weeks group. In the RDS group, the SP-B mRNA expression was significantly lower than that in the control group. In the ≤37 weeks group, SP-B mRNA expression was comparable between the RDS group and control group. In the 32∼37 weeks group, the SP-B mRNA expression in the RDS group was significantly reduced when compared with the control group. In the ≥37 weeks group, the SP-B mRNA expression in the RDS group was dramatically lower than that in the control group. Conclusions: Alteration of SP-B expression is present at transcriptional and translational levels. Reduction of SP-B mRNA and protein expression is involved in the pathogenesis of RDS.

scholarly journals Prenatal Administration of Betamethasone and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Multifetal Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh ◽  
Khadijeh Pouya ◽  
Raana Zakeri ◽  
Rana Asgari-Arbat ◽  
Shamsi Abbasalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
And Control

Background: Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is one of the most frequent causes of neonatal mortality especially in premature infants. Although it has been well established that maternal antenatal corticosteroid therapy has a positive effect on NRDS reduction, yet the effectiveness of this treatment in multifetal pregnancies is dubious. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of betamethasone therapy on the incidence of NRDS in multifetal pregnancies through a randomized controlled trial. Method: 140 women with a multifetal pregnancy at less than 28 weeks’ gestational age were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Women at the intervention group received intramuscularly betamethasone (12 mg/kg/BW twice). Neonatal outcomes were evaluated between two groups of intervention and control, and two subgroups of preterm and term births. This study is registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry, number IRCT20180227038879N1. Result: The incidence of NRDS was significantly lower in infants of betamethasone group than the ones in the control group (4.9% vs 18.1%, P=0.034) while it did not show a significant reduction in preterm infants compared to mature ones. Also, the intervention group presented a significant lower neonatal ventilation than the control group (47.2% vs 63.2%, P=0.041). Other neonatal outcomes, including age at birth, birth weight, Apgar score, NICU admission, and the number of mortalities were not significantly different between study groups. Conclusion: Betamethasone therapy during 28-32 weeks of gestation in multifetal pregnancies was associated with better neonatal outcomes through significant reductions in NRDS incidence and requiring ventilator treatment. However, betamethasone administration did not reduce the chance of NRDS in premature infants.

scholarly journals Continuous positive pressure ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Miao ◽  
Haitao Xie ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Guo ◽  
Min Cui
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Continuous Positive Pressure

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: Eighty-two NRDS patients who received treatment from August 2017 to June 2019 in our hospital were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group using random number table, 41 in each group. The control group was treated with CPAP, and the observation group was treated with pulmonary surfactant injection besides CPAP. The therapeutic effect, blood gas index, mechanical ventilation parameters and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The total response rate of the observation group was 90.24%, which was significantly higher than 70.73% of the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the improvement of blood gas indexes of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The hospitalization time and duration of oxygen treatment of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and the hospitalization cost was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The difference of incidence of complications between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Endotracheal injection of pulmonary surfactant combined with CPAP in the treatment of NRDS can enhance the efficacy, promote the recovery of blood gas index, and reduce the parameters of mechanical ventilation and the incidence of complications, which is conducive to improving the respiratory function of the newborn. The therapy is worth application in the treatment of NRDS patients. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1963 How to cite this:Miao J, Xie H, Zhang Y, Guo X, Cui M. Continuous positive pressure ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1963 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Wu ◽  
Zhoushan Feng ◽  
Juan Kong ◽  
Yiyu Lai ◽  
Chunhong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Surfactant Administration

Abstract Background: The effects of minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) are unclear. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compared MISA techniques with intubation for surfactant delivery in preterm infants with NRDS in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Results: Thirteen RCTs (1931 infants) were included in the meta-analysis. The use of MISA techniques decrease the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks, pneumothorax, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) (Risk Ratio(RR) : 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.46 to 0.75, p < .0001; RR : 0.60, 95% CI : 0.39 to 0.93, p= .02 and RR : 0.88, 95% CI : 0.78 to 1.00, p= .04, respectively). In addition, infants in the MISA group required less mechanical ventilation within 72 h of life or during hospitalization (RR : 0.60, 95% CI : 0.48 to 0.75, p< .00001 and RR : 0.64, 95% CI : 0.49 to 0.82, p = .0005, respectively) compared with infants in the control group. However, the rate of surfactant reflux was higher in the MISA group than that in the control group (RR : 2.12, 95% CI : 1.37 to 3.29, p = .0008). There were no significant differences in mortality and other outcomes beteween the MISA group and the control group. Conclusions: The administration of surfactant with MISA techniques could lower the requirement for mechanical ventilation, and decrease the incidence of BPD at 36 weeks, pneumothorax, and hsPDA.

STUDIES ON HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Clara M. Ambrus ◽  
David H. Weintraub ◽  
Julian L. Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Experimental Group

Fibrinolytic enzyme therapy of respiratory distress syndrome was explored in a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study. Of 100 infants entered in the study, 60 corresponded to all of the predetermined criteria and were included in the final evaluation. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to the study if they were (1) premature, (2) from diabetic mothers, or (3) from mothers with hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy. In regard to sex, delivery route, maternal status, pretreatment respiratory rate, Silverman score, venous pressure, electrolytes, protein levels, and circulating levels of members of the fibrinolysin system, the placebo-treated control group and the experimental group were found to be comparable. The groups were comparable in regard to pretreatment blood pH and pCO2 as well, except that the subgroup that was treated with the enzyme preparation and expired showed a greater degree of acidosis than the other groups. Patients in the experimental group received 5 RPMI units/kg of human plasmin activated with human urokinase (UK-plasmin) intravenously in 4 hours, plus 60 RPMI units/kg/day of enzyme by aerosol. In the placebo-treated control group, 11 of 28 infants recovered (39%) and in the UK-plasmin treated group, 23 of 32 recovered (72%). The difference is statistically significant at less than 5% level. Of the infants with a birth weight of 2 kg or less, 3 of 16 recovered in the placebo-treated control group (19%), and 10 of 16 recovered in the UK-plasmin treated group (63%); the difference is statistically significant at less than 5% level. No clinical side effects were seen in any of the patients. Autopsy findings indicated a high degree accuracy of diagnosis. The incidence of hemorrhage diagnosed at autopsy was the same in the control and experimental groups. In all but one of the patients that expired in the UK-plasmin treated group, sufficient pathologic findings were obtained to account for death regardless of the presence of hyaline membrane disease. Similar findings were obtained in 9 of 17 patients who expired in the control group. UK-plasmin therapy of respiratory distress syndrome of infants due to hyaline membrane disease appears to be worthy of further exploration. A diagram correlates certain features of the pathophysiology of this disease and the mechanism of action of therapy.

Effect of cigarette smoke on TNF-a and IL-1b mRNA expression in lung tissues and cells of rats

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingli Ji ◽  
Yuxia Wang ◽  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Zhibi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We investigated lung tissue expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-1b in response to cigarette smoke exposure and the ensuing effects on arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide as indices of respiratory function. Experimental group rats were exposed to cigarette smoke twice daily (30 min per exposure) for 28 consecutive days. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and both mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-a and IL-1b were compared to a control group. Contents of TNF-a and IL-1b in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenate were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays while TNF-a mRNA and IL-1b mRNA expression levels in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Arterial PO2 was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group, while the arterial PCO2 was significantly higher. BALF levels of TNF-a and IL-1b were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group, as were TNF-a mRNA and IL-1b mRNA expression levels in lung tissue. Cigarette smoke may activate inflammatory cells in the pulmonary circulation and increase the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-1b in lung tissue, leading to lung injury and respiratory dysfunction.

scholarly journals Observation on the Nursing Effect of Prone Position Ventilation Applied to Children with Respiratory Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Peng ◽  
Litao Guo ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Jingrong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective — To compare the effects of two prone position ventilation methods on children with respiratory failure, to obtain a safer and more effective way to guide clinical nursing work. Methods — 48 cases of children who were admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital from February 2018 to August 2019 and applied mechanical ventilation were divided into groups based on a random number table. The odd numbers were included in the experimental group (continuous prone position ventilation group, the duration of continuous prone position exceeded 12 hours, a total of 25 cases). The even numbers were included in the control group (intermittent prone position ventilation group, prone position for 3 hours at a time, alternating with supine position and lateral position, total prone position duration 12 hours, a total of 23 cases). Oxygenation index (OI), PH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) at 24h, 48h, 72h of the two groups of children, as well as their ventilator use time and ICU hospital stay were compared. Results — Continuous prone position ventilation and intermittent prone position ventilation have no statistical significance on arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), ventilator duration, ICU length of stay in children with respiratory failure (P>0.05), but with the increase of the total length of the prone position, when reaching more than 36 hours, the trend of oxygenation index (OI) of the experimental group and the control group can be seen to decline.  Conclusion — In this study, by comparing the effects of two prone position ventilation modes, it was found that intermittent prone position ventilation and continuous prone position ventilation had no difference in the treatment of children with respiratory failure. When children are treated in continuous prone and intermittent prone positions, the total prone position can last up to 36 hours, which can effectively improve the clinical treatment effect. In view of the characteristics of pediatric patients and the difficulty in nursing critically ill patients with tracheal intubation, it is recommended that pediatric patients can use intermittent prone ventilation to complete treatment when the cumulative time in the prone position reaches more than 36 hours.

Two-Year Follow-up of Infants Enrolled in a Randomized Trial of Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
Michael S. Dunn ◽  
Andrew T. Shennan ◽  
Elizabeth M. Hoskins ◽  
Kathryn Lennox ◽  
Goran Enhorning
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surfactant Replacement Therapy ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Term Benefit

A randomized clinical trial of the use of bovine surfactant for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was completed at our Institution in 1984 (Pediatrics 1985;76:145-153). All infants entering the trial were enrolled in our follow-up clinic and seen at regular intervals for assessment of growth and development, neurologic and sensory status, and incidence of respiratory disease and allergic conditions. Infants have now been followed-up for at least 2 years. Of those infants for whom follow-up is complete, two of 32 (6.3%) surfactant-treated infants died, five (15.6%) had major neurodevelopmental handicaps, and five had minor neurodevelopmental handicaps. In the control group, eight of 33 (24%) infants died, whereas only two (6.1%) survived with major neurodevelopmental handicaps, and four (12.1%) were left with minor handicaps. Except for an increased neonatal death rate in the control group, other differences were not statistically significant. The groups were also comparable in terms of the incidence of late respiratory or allergic disease as assessed by history. Treatment with bovine surfactant at birth of premature infants at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome appears to be safe and of short-term benefit, although no decrease in neurodevelopmental handicap at 2 years' follow-up can be demonstrated.

Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Severe Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An International Randomized Clinical Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Surfactant Replacement Therapy ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress

In a randomized multicenter trial, involving the collaboration of eight European neonatal intensive care units, the efficacy of replacement therapy with a new surfactant preparation (Curosurf) was tested in 146 patients with severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Criteria for entry included birth weight 700 to 2,000 g, age when treated two to 15 hours, and requirement of artificial ventilation with Fio2 ≥ 0.6. The babies were treated with a single large dose of surfactant (200 mg/kg) at a median age of nine hours (range two to 15 hours). Average Fio2 before treatment was the same (0.80) for both surfactant-treated patients and control patients. Babies receiving surfactant showed, within five minutes, a dramatic improvement of oxygenation as reflected by a nearly threefold increase of the Pao2/Fio2 ratio. Six hours after randomization, the Pao2/Fio2 ratio still showed a 98% improvement in surfactant-treated patients compared with controls (P &lt; .001), and statistically significant differences in favor of the treated babies persisted until 48 hours after randomization, when surviving control infants began to recover. Treatment with surfactant decreased neonatal (≤28 days) mortality from 51% to 31% (P &lt; .05). Compared with control babies, the surfactant-treated group also had a decreased incidence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (23% v 39%; P &lt; .05) and pneumothorax (18% v 35%; P &lt; .05). The percentage of survivors without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the treated group was more than twice that of the control group (55% v 26%; P &lt; .001). Treatment with this surfactant appears to effectively improve lung function and short-term outcome in infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome.

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