scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nisha Giri ◽  
Sujina Maharjan ◽  
Tika Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Sushant Pokhrel ◽  
Govardhan Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Introduction. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. One of the potential risk factors for nosocomial staphylococcal infections is colonization of the anterior nares of healthcare workers (HCWs). Our study aimed to determine the rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs at Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-two nasal swabs were collected from HCWs of Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, within six months (February 2018–July 2018). Nasal swabs were cultured, and S. aureus isolates were subjected to the antimicrobial susceptibility test by the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA and iMLSB (inducible macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B) resistance was screened using the cefoxitin disc (30 μg) and D-test (clindamycin and erythromycin sensitivity pattern), respectively, following CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) guidelines. Risk factors for MRSA colonization were determined using the chi-square test considering the p value ˂0.05 as significant. Results. A total of 34/232 (14.7%) S. aureus were isolated, out of which 12 (35.3%) were MRSA. The overall rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs was 5.2% (12/232). Colonization of MRSA was higher in males (8.7%) than in females (4.3%). MRSA colonization was found to be at peak among the doctors (11.4%). HCWs of the postoperative ward were colonized highest (18.2%). All MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid and tetracycline. iMLSB resistance was shown by 7(20.6%) of the isolates. MRSA strains showed higher iMLSB resistance accounting for 33.3% (4/12) in comparison to methicillin-susceptible strains with 13.6% (3/22). Smoking was found to be significantly associated with MRSA colonization ( p = 0.004 ). Conclusion. Rate of nasal carriage MRSA is high among HCWs and hence needs special attention to prevent HCW-associated infections that may result due to nasal colonization.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Workers in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Abubakar Adamu ◽  
Hamman Ibrahim Garandawa ◽  
AbZailani Sambo B ◽  
Mohammad Y ◽  
Aliyu Mohammad Kodiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Arif ◽  
Adil Ramzan ◽  
Rauf Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement. Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among healthcare workers in Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1435
Author(s):  
Loay Al Wahaibi ◽  
Rajaa Al Sudairi ◽  
Abdullah Balkhair ◽  
Huda Al-Awaisi ◽  
Mohamed Mabruk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain characterized by resistance to cloxacillin. Healthcare workers (HCWs), are recognized for their heightened risk for MRSA acquisition and possibly for MRSA nosocomial transmission. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors of MRSA colonization among healthcare workers at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in Oman. Methodology: A total of 200 nasal swab samples were collected from the healthcare workers at SQUH during the period October 2nd 2018 to January 7th 2019. All nasal swab samples were examined microbiologically for the presence of MRSA using the standard method and the results were confirmed by detection of the mecA product (PBP2a). Data on associated risk factors for MRSA colonization was collected and analyzed. Results: Forty-one of the 200 screened healthcare workers (20.5%) were found to have nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus of which 63.4% were Methicillin Sensitive and 36.6% were Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated from fifteen of the 200 screened healthcare workers giving a prevalence rate of nasal colonization with MRSA of 7.5%. We found no statistical association between healthcare worker MRSA nasal colonization and age, gender, HCWs specialty, hand hygiene practices, skin condition, previous MRSA infection, and previous exposure to antibiotics. Conclusions: Identification of the prevalence and the associated risk factors of MRSA colonization in healthcare workers mandates continuous surveillance and the implementation of all possible preventive measures to reduce re-occurrences.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n=5), ST398-t2330-IV (n=1), ST398-t034-V (n=1), ST225-t003-II (n=1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n=1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers: screening, risk factors and treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmathulla Safiyul Rahman ◽  
Badr Mohammed Beyari ◽  
Kawlah Essam Samarin ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Alamri ◽  
Marwan Abdulaziz Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen of clinical significance within the community and healthcare settings. It has been reported with a variety of infections, including endocarditis, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, joint and bone infections, and soft tissue and skin infections. Although many efforts have been exerted to eradicate the rates of infections and studies have reported a decreasing pattern in the prevalence rates over the years, it has been demonstrated that MRSA represents a significant challenge to the healthcare systems and the affected patients. In this literature review, we have provided a discussion regarding the risk factors, screening, and treatment of MRSA among healthcare workers (HCWs) based on the evidence obtained from the current relevant studies in the literature. HCWs are at increased risk of MRSA colonization, and many risk factors have been identified. These mainly include poor hygiene practices, chronic skin diseases, and having a history of working in an MRSA-endemic country. Decolonization practices are the main line of treatment of MRSA colonization among HCWs because antibiotic therapy is usually of limited use because of the increasing resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Applying adequate interventions as taking care of hand hygiene and using alcohol-based disinfectants is recommended to achieve better outcomes. Increasing awareness among HCWs is also a potential approach to achieve better management.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n=5), ST398-t2330-IV (n=1), ST398-t034-V (n=1), ST225-t003-II (n=1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n=1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Positive Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Orthopedic Patients in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Choi ◽  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Jahyung Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Min Jung Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as other life-threatening diseases. Recent guidelines recommend screening for MRSA at the time of admission. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization. A prospective data collection and retrospective analysis was performed. MRSA screening tests were performed using nasal swabs in patients enrolled between January 2017 and July 2018. Demographic data, socio-economic data, medical comorbidities, and other risk factors for MRSA carriage were evaluated among 1577 patients enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 7.2%. Univariate regression analysis showed that colonization with MRSA at the time of hospital admission was significantly related to patient age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, trauma, recent antibiotic use, and route of hospital admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors for positive MRSA nasal carriage showed that being under- or overweight, trauma diagnosis, antibiotic use one month prior to admission, and admission through an emergency department were related to MRSA colonization. This study highlights the importance of a preoperative screening test for patients scheduled to undergo surgery involving implant insertion, particularly those at risk for MRSA.

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