scholarly journals Evacuation Experiment Study in Up and Down Escape Staircase of Underground Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Da-jun Yuan ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Zhi-cong Chen ◽  
Sheng-nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Single Pipe ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

To measure evacuation basic parameters, reveal evacuation performance, and study reasonable staircase spacing of up and down escape staircase in case of fire, an evacuation experiment, which was based on the most unfavorable evacuation scenario, was conducted. The experiment took personnel and vehicles of actual underground road traffic into account, and evacuation process image data were extracted and analyzed by artificial statistics. Experimental results indicate that the personnel plane evacuation speed is between 1.43 and 1.95 m/s, and the upstairs evacuation speed that is less affected by gender and age is mainly between 0.5 and 1.1 m/s; under the escape stairs width of 0.8 m, the average capacity of escape staircase is 0.7 P/s, and the entrance of the staircase is evacuation bottleneck and queuing phenomenon occurs. Based on the experiment, a calculation model of three-phase personnel net evacuation time was established. By simplifying the evacuation model, a calculation formula of the reasonable escape stair spacing considering the influence of multiple factors was proposed. And the proposed theoretical model was verified by project cases of up and down escape staircase. With 2 min emergency broadcasting time and 6 min Available Safety Evacuation Time of medium-sized fire as the Personnel Safety Evacuation Rule’s reference, the recommended value of escape staircase spacing of single pipe double-deck two-way four-lane (double pipes double-deck two-way eight-lane) underground roads is 64.3 m.

Power Flow Calculation Realization in Software for Grids with Four-Phase Power Lines

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Bliznyuk ◽  
Pavel Y. Bannykh ◽  
Alexandra I. Khalyasmaa
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Power Flow Calculation ◽  
Steady State Analysis ◽  
Flow Calculation ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Three Phase

The paper is devoted to the problem of power flow calculation and steady state analysis methods adaptation for four-phase electrical grids. These methods are based on developed models of four-phase power lines and phase convering transformers. The basis of research is nodal voltages equations for three-phase, four-phase and mixed (combined by three-and four-phase elements) grids. Algorithm of four-phfase elements parameters automized adaptation for power flow calculation model of "RastrWin" software have been developed.

Color image analysis for vehicle speed measurement

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean-Jye Lu ◽  
Xidong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Color Image Analysis ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Monochrome Image

Image analysis for traffic data collection has been studied throughout the world for more than a decade. A survey of existing systems shows that research was focused mainly on the monochrome image analysis and that the field of color image analysis was rarely studied. With the application of color image analysis in mind, this paper proposes a new algorithm for vehicle speed measurement in daytime. The new algorithm consists of four steps: (i) image input, (ii) pixel analysis, (iii) single image analysis, and (iv) image sequence analysis. It has three significant advantages. First, the algorithm can distinguish the shadows caused by moving vehicles outside the detection area from the actual vehicles passing through the area, which is a difficult problem for the monochrome image analysis technique to handle. Second, the algorithm significantly reduces the image data to be processed; thus only a personal computer is required without the addition of any special hardware. The third advantage is the flexible placement of detection spots at any position in the camera's field of view. The accuracy of the algorithm is also discussed. Key words: speed measurement, vehicle detection, image analysis, image processing, traffic control, traffic measurement and road traffic.

scholarly journals On a pluri-Gaussian model for three-phase microstructures, with applications to 3D image data of gas-diffusion electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Neumann ◽  
Markus Osenberg ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
David Franzen ◽  
Thomas Turek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Three Phase

scholarly journals VIRTOPSY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
J. Frishons ◽  
V. Novotny ◽  
P. Rejtar ◽  
P. Hejna ◽  
M. A. Kislov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Conventional Autopsy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Postmortem computer tomography (CT) came into practice of forensic medicine in the 1990s and has later been complemented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A pioneer virtual autopsy was conducted in Germany in 1983. In the Czech Republic, this examination was first performed in 1993.A typical examination requires about 30 min, with the most resource-demanding stage being the image data rendering. CT was shown to better capture skeletal structures, while MRI contrasting is superior in terms of visualising soft tissues. In the Czech Republic, CT-based virtopsy is legislated mandatory to document deaths inflicted by gunshots, road traffic and aviation accidents, high falls, occupational and explosive-related injuries, thermal and mechanical traumas, strangulation, drowning as well as to examine unidentified or decomposing bodies, deceased children and adolescents aged under 18.CT scanning prior to conventional autopsy provides a forensic expert with guidance to reveal pathologies non-invasively in particular regions that are difficult to dissect or access. The advantage of virtopsy is the objective acquisition of data that can be re-examined, reinterpreted or juxtaposed with the results of conventional autopsy and easily recovered for possible further expertise. 

scholarly journals A Trans-Scale Young’ Modulus Calculation Model of ITZ Based on Void Shape Randomness and Calcium Hydroxide Enrichment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Junqing Liu ◽  
Fan Zuo ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Interfacial Transition Zone ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Void Shape

The randomness of void shape and enrichment of calcium hydroxide are significant in interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of concrete; however, current theoretical models of ITZ do not include these features. In this article, ITZ was regarded as a three-phase composite material, and the pore morphological parameters were defined according to the characteristics of microscopic pores, and the corresponding random distribution function was constructed. The calcium hydroxide enrichment factor was introduced, and a cross-scale ITZ Young’s modulus calculation model was established in combination with the Mori–Tanaka method. The reliability of the proposed model in this paper was verified through comparison to experimental results in a reference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tsunami evacuation planning of the primary school student in Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Yosritzal ◽  
Badrul Mustafa Kemal ◽  
Mahdhivan Syafwan ◽  
Junaidi ◽  
Hasdi Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Primary School Student ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

This paper presents an evaluation of the tsunami evacuation of elementary school children in Padang. The objective of the study is to evaluate the evacuation planning using an observation data from an evacuation Experiment initiated by the Padang Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD Padang). In this study, the chosen evacuation destination was evaluated based on the available evacuation time, the evacuation methods, walking speed of the students in a group and the provided tools in the classroom for evacuation as in the guidelines of tsunami evacuation for schools in Hawaii.

scholarly journals Study on evacuation simulation under crowd-diversion condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Piao Chiu ◽  
Yan-Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Occupant Evacuation

With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Occupants in a building will crowd at exit(s) when they evacuate in disasters. The content of this study includes the following: (1) to conduct a literature review on severe stampedes in history, identifying the number of casualties, and to explore existing research on crowd evacuation; (2) to examine the applicability of software packages EXODUS and Unity for simulating occupant evacuation using them for simulations under identical conditions; and (3) to construct simulated evacuation environments using Unity and perform simulations with different combinations of occupant number, space size, exit size, and flow diverter size. The simulation results found that placing a flow diverter in front of the exit could reduce the evacuation time effectively. The best result was observed when the width of the door is close to the width of the flow diverter; it can reduce the evacuation time by about 25%. When more than 60 people were emptying through an exit below 120 cm width, the blocking happened regardless of whether a flow diverter was placed.

scholarly journals Impact of traffic calming on acoustic climate in street surrounding

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Janusz Bohatkiewicz ◽  
Wioleta Czarnecka ◽  
Krzysztof Jamrozik ◽  
Sebastian Biernacki ◽  
Maciej Hałucha
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Traffic Volumes

The paper presents the methods to improve safety and quality of life of people living in the neighborhood of roads and the situation of road users by means of traffic calming. The focus is kept on positive impact of traffic calming measures on acoustic climate in the surrounding of roads. The paper also contains the characteristics of selected impacts of road traffic on the environment together with a general outline of traffic calming as an instrument to mitigate the negative influence. Various possibilities to frame the acoustic climate and reduce transport-related inconvenience by means of different traffic calming methods are present as well. Then a case study (regional road No 824 in Puławy) is used to assess the effectiveness of specific solutions of comprehensive traffic calming with regard to speed reduction and abatement of noise emissions. Analyses are based on measurements’ results (traffic volumes, driving speeds and noise levels) and on acoustic calculations performed by the authors as part of their own study (internal research & development program of EKKOM). On the basis of measurements’ results and calculations the paper also addresses the problem of lack of correction factors related to traffic calming in the calculation model and the one of errors in noise modeling while preparing the case study.

Analysis of Long-Term Deflection on Large-Span Continuous Rigid Bridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1055-1058
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Shuan Hai He ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Shuai Luo
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Practical Situation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deflection Analysis ◽  
Observation Results

Through the long-term deflection observation results and the measured data of effective pre-stress of Humen bridge before and after reinforcement, using three-phase bridge long-term deflection calculation method, compare the measured data and the calculation conditions in three kinds. Basing on the measure value of construction degradation, presenting the long-term deflection correction coefficient of long-term deflection to predict construction deflection. Analysis results show that the calculation model considering the construction degradation is more close to the practical situation. The long-term deflection calculation method based on the coefficient of correction can be used in the prediction calculation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document