scholarly journals Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen.) Leaf Extract Modulates Fatty Acids and Amino Acids to Lower Blood Glucose in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dwitiyanti Dwitiyanti ◽  
Yahdiana Harahap ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Anton Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Patients with diabetes are 1.6 times more likely to use complementary alternative medicine than nondiabetic patients. Previous studies have shown that Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen. (A. cordifolia) leaf extract has the capacity to lower blood glucose, but the actual mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effect of A. cordifolia leaf extract on the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 5 per group). Two groups were fed with a regular diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks. The regular diet and HFD groups were administered with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose as a vehicle, and HFD rats were also fed with a suspension of glibenclamide (0.51 mg/kg body weight (BW)) or A. cordifolia leaf extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW). During the whole treatment, BW and food intake were recorded weekly. The rats were euthanized seven weeks after treatment. Blood glucose was evaluated by spectrophotometry, while fatty acids and amino acids were evaluated using a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). All doses of A. cordifolia administration reduced blood glucose significantly, and 50 mg/kg BW was most effective in lowering blood glucose, similar to the effects of glibenclamide. A. cordifolia leaf extract affected the levels of medium-chain fatty acids, especially at 50 mg/kg BW. In contrast, glibenclamide affected long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) to lower blood glucose. Based on the analysis conducted, we conclude that administration of A. cordifolia leaf extract can decrease blood glucose levels by regulating fatty acid metabolism and that a dose of 50 mg/kg BW in rats was the optimal dose.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity via a PPARγ-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2398-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs den Besten ◽  
Aycha Bleeker ◽  
Albert Gerding ◽  
Karen van Eunen ◽  
Rick Havinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Distinct roles of specific fatty acids in cellular processes: implications for interpreting and reporting experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Watt ◽  
Andrew J. Hoy ◽  
Deborah M. Muoio ◽  
Rosalind A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Plasma contains a variety of long-chain fatty acids (FAs), such that about 35% are saturated and 65% are unsaturated. There are countless examples that show how different FAs impart specific and unique effects, or even opposing actions, on cellular function. Despite these differing effects, palmitate (C16:0) is regularly used to represent “FAs” in cell based experiments. Although palmitate can be useful to induce and study stress effects in cultured cells, these effects in isolation are not physiologically relevant to dietary manipulations, obesity, or the consequences of physiological concentrations of FAs. Hence, authors should avoid conclusions that generalize about “FAs” or “saturated FAs” or “high-fat diet” effects if only a single FA was used in the reported experiments.

scholarly journals Small amounts of dietary medium-chain fatty acids protect against insulin resistance during caloric excess in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Anne-Marie Lundsgaard ◽  
Andreas M. Fritzen ◽  
Kim. A. Sjøberg ◽  
Maximilian Kleinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have in rodents been shown to have protective effects on glucose homeostasis during high-fat overfeeding. In this study, we investigated whether dietary MCFAs protect against insulin resistance induced by a hypercaloric high-fat diet in humans. Healthy, lean men ingested a eucaloric control diet and a three-day hypercaloric high-fat diet (+75% energy, 81-83E% fat) in randomized order. For one group (n=8), the high-fat diet was enriched with saturated long-chain FAs (LCSFA-HFD), while the other group (n=9) ingested a matched diet, but with ~30 g (5E%) saturated MCFAs (MCSFA-HFD) in substitution for a corresponding fraction of the saturated LCFAs. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with femoral arteriovenous balance and glucose tracer was applied after the control and hypercaloric diets. In LCSFA-HFD, whole body insulin sensitivity and peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were reduced. These impairments were prevented in MCSFA-HFD, accompanied by increased basal FA oxidation, maintained glucose metabolic flexibility, increased non-oxidative glucose disposal related to lower starting glycogen content and increased glycogen synthase activity, together with increased muscle lactate production. In conclusion, substitution of a small amount of dietary LCFAs with MCFAs rescues insulin action in conditions of lipid-induced energy excess.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Mihai V. Curtasu ◽  
Valeria Tafintseva ◽  
Zachary A. Bendiks ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
Achim Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

scholarly journals Adipocyte-specific Inactivation of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Fatty Acid Transport Protein 4 (Fatp4) in Mice Causes Adipose Hypertrophy and Alterations in Metabolism of Complex Lipids under High Fat Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (41) ◽  
pp. 35578-35587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena-Solveig Lenz ◽  
Jana Marx ◽  
Walee Chamulitrat ◽  
Iris Kaiser ◽  
Hermann-Josef Gröne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatp4 exhibits acyl-CoA synthetase activity and is thereby able to catalyze the activation of fatty acids for further metabolism. However, its actual function in most tissues remains unresolved, and its role in cellular fatty acid uptake is still controversial. To characterize Fatp4 functions in adipocytes in vivo, we generated a mouse line with adipocyte-specific inactivation of the Fatp4 gene (Fatp4A−/−). Under standard conditions mutant mice showed no phenotypical aberrance. Uptake of radiolabeled palmitic and lignoceric acid into adipose tissue of Fatp4A−/− mice was unchanged. When exposed to a diet enriched in long chain fatty acids, Fatp4A−/− mice gained more body weight compared with control mice, although they were not consuming more food. Pronounced obesity was accompanied by a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat and greater adipocyte circumference, although expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis was not changed. However, the increase in total fat mass was contrasted by a significant decrease in various phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesteryl esters in adipocytes. Livers of Fatp4-deficient animals under a high fat diet exhibited a higher degree of fatty degeneration. Nonetheless, no evidence for changes in insulin sensitivity and adipose inflammation was found. In summary, the results of this study confirm that Fatp4 is not crucial for fatty acid uptake into adipocytes. Instead, under the condition of a diet enriched in long chain fatty acids, adipocyte-specific Fatp4 deficiency results in adipose hypertrophy and profound alterations in the metabolism of complex lipids.

scholarly journals Holothuria Leucospilota Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Lipid Metabolism Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiong Yuan ◽  
Qibing Liu ◽  
Fuqiang Zhao ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Xuanri Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) are expected to become potential resources for the treatment of hyperlipidemia because of their various bioactivities. In the study, the treatment of HLP on improving hyperlipidemia in rats was explored. Oral administration of HLP at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight effectively alleviated serum lipid levels and liver histological abnormalities in high-fat-diet rats. HLP regulated abnormal mRNA, lipogenesis-related hormones and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12) levels. HLP improved the ability of gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have been found to ameliorate liver lesions. Therefore, HLP alleviated hyperlipidemia by improving the levels of SCFAs to regulate lipid metabolism. These results indicated that HLP could be used as beneficial polysaccharides to alleviate hyperlipidemia.

Jaboticaba berry peel intake increases short chain fatty acids production and prevent hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Giovana Batista ◽  
Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia ◽  
Monique Culturato P. Mendonça ◽  
Edilene Siqueira Soares ◽  
Glaucia Carielo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document