scholarly journals Leisure and Productivity in Older Adults with Cancer: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cynthia Engels ◽  
Robin Bairet ◽  
Florence Canoui-Poitrine ◽  
Marie Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Self-care, leisure, and productivity are important occupational domains for older adults’ quality of life, which might be affected by cancer and its treatment. A great number of publications about older adults focus on function or self-care, so we aimed to analyse how cancer and its treatments affect leisure and productivity. Secondary objectives were to identify whether particular clinical and/or sociodemographic factors were associated with occupational disruptions and to assess the impact of rehabilitation approaches on leisure and productivity in this population. Methods. A systematic review of the 2009-2019 literature performed on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Results. 1471 publications were retrieved: 48 full texts were assessed; seven of these (four cross-sectional studies, two cohort studies, and a case report) were reviewed, including data on 16668 people (12649 healthy controls, 3918 cancer survivors, and 101 ill patients). Older adults with comorbidities and a low level of activity before cancer diagnosis may be more at risk of occupational disruptions. However, studies focused more on physical activity than leisure and productivity. Two studies mentioned occupational therapy. Discussion. As cancer can become a chronic disease, it appears important to also offer occupation-centred assessments and follow-up. Conclusion. An occupation-centred approach could be developed; its effectiveness must be assessed.

scholarly journals What is the impact of multimorbidity on the risk of hospitalisation in older adults? A systematic review study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e049974
Author(s):  
Luciana Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Andréa Toledo de Oliveira Rezende ◽  
Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e Moura ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe development of multiple coexisting chronic diseases (multimorbidity) is increasing globally, along with the percentage of older adults affected by it. Multimorbidity is associated with the concomitant use of multiple medications, a greater possibility of adverse effects, and increased risk of hospitalisation. Therefore, this systematic review study protocol aims to analyse the impact of multimorbidity on the occurrence of hospitalisation in older adults and assess whether this impact changes according to factors such as sex, age, institutionalisation and socioeconomic status. This study will also review the average length of hospital stay and the occurrence of hospital readmission.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be carried out using the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria will incorporate cross-sectional, cohort and case–control studies that analysed the association between multimorbidity (defined as the presence of ≥2 and/or ≥3 chronic conditions and complex multimorbidity) and hospitalisation (yes/no, days of hospitalisation and number of readmissions) in older adults (aged ≥60 years or >65 years). Effect measures will be quantified, including ORs, prevalence ratios, HRs and relative risk, along with their associated 95% CI. The overall aim of this study is to widen knowledge and to raise reflections about the association between multimorbidity and hospitalisation in older adults. Ultimately, its findings may contribute to improvements in public health policies resulting in cost reductions across healthcare systems.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021229328.

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

scholarly journals The microbiological and physical properties of catheters for intermittent catheterization: A systematic review on the impact of reuse and cleaning methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Grasdal ◽  
Matthias Walter ◽  
Andrei V. Krassioukov
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intermittent Catheterization ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis systematic review provides an up to date and comprehensive summary of the clinical evidence of the effectiveness of various cleaning methods of intermittent catheterization that have been proposed to prepare catheters for reuse. This systematic review is registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020176065). A key word search of Medline (OVID), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE, OVID), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in addition to manual searches of retrieved articles, was undertaken to identify all English, Russian and German language literature evaluating the effectiveness of various cleaning methods of intermittent catheterization. Studies selected for review included analytical experimental, prospective cohort, cross-sectional and case series study designs. Prospective cleaning methods analyzed included heat-based sterilization, chemical cleaning solutions, mechanical abrasion, photocatalytic sterilization, and combined methods. Studies that failed to assess the bacterial colonization or physical properties of catheters following cleaning were excluded. In total, 12 studies (i.e. 9 analytical experimental, 1 cohort study, 1 cross-sectional and 1 case series) were included. Two cleaning methods were identified as likely being most promising: five-minute submersion in 70% alcohol and the “Milton method”. Each eliminated bacterial colonization without affecting the physical properties of the catheters. All other cleaning methods were either non-bactericidal or caused gross visual or microscopic damage to the catheters, rendering their reuse unsafe. Additional higher-powered studies confirming the safety and efficacy of these cleaning methods must be obtained before we would feel comfortable challenging current clinical recommendations.

Effect of Premorbid Beta-Blockers on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110529
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hasegawa ◽  
Ryota Sato ◽  
Narut Prasitlumkum ◽  
Kazuki Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of premorbid beta-blockers on mortality in patients with sepsis. Data Sources We searched EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MEDLINE for eligible studies. The protocol was registered at the PROSPERO (CRD42021256813). Study Selection Two authors independently evaluated the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies; (2) patients with sepsis aged ≥18 years, and (3) premorbid beta-blocker use. Data Extraction Two authors extracted the patients’ characteristics and outcomes independently. All analyses were performed using the random-effects models. The primary outcome was short-term mortality, defined as mortality within 30 days, in-hospital or intensive care unit mortality. Data Synthesis Ten studies (n = 24 748 patients) were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of short-term mortality associated with the premorbid use of beta-blockers was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-1.04; P = .12; I2 = 50%). Five studies reported an adjusted OR of short-term mortality. The pooled adjusted OR of short-term mortality associated with the premorbid use of beta-blockers was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65-0.83; P < .001; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Premorbid beta-blockers were associated with a lower short-term mortality in patients with sepsis.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity as potential prognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bonilla-Untiveros ◽  
Saby Camacho-Lopez ◽  
Eduard Baladia ◽  
Luis E. Ortiz-Muñoz ◽  
Gabriel Rada
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

ObjectiveThis living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary about the impact of overweight or obesity as a prognostic factor for severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. DesignThis is a protocol of a living systematic review.Data sourcesWe will conduct searches in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. The search will cover the period until the day before submission to a journal.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include all primary studies that assess patients with confirmed or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 and inform the relation of overweight or obesity with death or disease severity. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Possible Role of Candida Species in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Pietrzak ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska ◽  
Mateusz Socha ◽  
Jacek Roliński ◽  
Kinga Franciszkiewicz-Pietrzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Although fungal colonization is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its prevalence remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an overview on the prevalence of Candida species in patients with psoriasis. We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials.gov) to identify studies involving subjects of any age with an established diagnosis of psoriasis and healthy controls, who were tested for carriage of Candida spp. on the skin or mucosal membranes (or saliva and stool), or presented with clinical candidiasis with microbiologically confirmed etiology. We identified nine cross-sectional studies including a total of 1038 subjects with psoriasis (psoriatics) and 669 controls. We found Candida species detection rates for psoriatics were significantly higher than those in the controls, especially in the oral mucosa milieux. These results suggest psoriasis may be one of the systemic diseases that predispose to oral Candida spp. carriage and infection.

scholarly journals The impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Nor Azlida Mohd Nor ◽  
Barbara L. Chadwick ◽  
Damian JJ. Farnell ◽  
Ivor G. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evidence Level ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe increased availability of fluoride and concern over the impact of fluorosis, have led to guidance suggesting a decrease or cease in the optimal concentration of fluoride in water fluoridation schemes. To date there have been no systematic reviews looking at both impact of fluoride reduction and total cessation. This review aimed to examine the impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis.ContentMultiple databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science). Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data and assessed study quality. Results were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of dental fluorosis.SummarySix studies of cross-sectional design were included. Two studies were scored as evidence level B (moderate) and the remaining four publications were evidence level C (poor). Meta-analysis indicated fluorosis prevalence was significantly decreased following either a reduction in the concentration of fluoride or cessation of adding fluoride to the water supply (OR:6.68; 95% CI:2.48 to 18.00).OutlookThe evidence suggests a significant decrease in the prevalence of fluorosis post cessation or reduction in the concentration of fluoride added to the water supply. However, this work demonstrates that when studies are subject to current expectations of methodological and experimental rigour, there is limited evidence with low methodological quality to determine the effect of stopping or reducing the concentration of fluoride in the water supply on dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Association between Anticholinergic Burden and Constipation: A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Héctor Rodríguez-Ramallo ◽  
Nerea Báez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Elena Prado-Mel ◽  
Eva Rocío Alfaro-Lara ◽  
Bernardo Santos-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Positive Results

The association between anticholinergic burden and constipation is not well defined and documented; for this reason, a systematic review was carried out in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Scopus), including studies assessing the correlation between anticholinergic burden, and constipation between January 2006 and December 2020. Data extraction was conducted independently by two researchers. Abstracts and titles were reviewed to determine eligibility for review with eligible articles read in full. From 2507 identified articles, 11 were selected for this review: six cross-sectional studies, four retrospective cohort studies, and a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Overall, nine studies reported at least one statistical association between anticholinergic burden and constipation, finding 13 positive results out of 24 association measurements. A total of 211,921 patients were studied. The association between constipation and anticholinergic burden could be demonstrated in studies including 207,795 patients. Most studies were not designed to find differences in constipation prevalence and did not adjust the results by confounding factors. Our findings suggest that a correlation between anticholinergic burden and constipation exists. Higher quality-evidence studies are needed, including analysis that considers confounding factors, such as other non-pharmacological causes of constipation.

The Impact of Narrow and Tiered Networks on Costs, Access, Quality, and Patient Steering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110559
Author(s):  
Olena Mazurenko ◽  
Heather L. Taylor ◽  
Nir Menachemi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Tiered Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Impact Cost

Health insurers use narrow and tiered networks to lower costs by contracting with, or favoring, selected providers. Little is known about the contemporary effects of narrow or tiered networks on key metrics. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on how narrow and tiered networks impact cost, access, quality, and patient steering. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for articles published from January 2000 to June 2020. Both narrow and tiered networks are associated with reduced overall health care costs for most cost-related measures. Evidence pertaining to access to care and quality measures were more limited to a narrow set of outcomes or were weak in internal validity, but generally concluded no systematic adverse effects on narrow or tiered networks. Narrow and tiered networks appear to reduce costs without affecting some quality measures. More research on quality outcomes is warranted.

scholarly journals SUN-013 Cardiometabolic Profile of Brazilian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Bandeira Marchesan ◽  
Ramon Bossardi Ramos ◽  
Monica Oliveira ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Register ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Abstract Introduction. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease and its clinical expression may be influenced by ethnicity and sociocultural backgrounds. Despite its high prevalence, few studies are available regarding clinical characteristics of Brazilian women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence regarding metabolic risks in PCOS population in Brazil trough a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods. We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published until July 31, 2019. Results. Eleven cross-sectional and case-control studies were selected for the present meta-analysis, including 898 women diagnosed with PCOS and 2176 controls. All used the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. Compared to controls, BMI was higher in PCOS [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.67 (95% CI 0.29, 1.05) I²=91%], as well as waist circumference [SMD 0.88 (0.40, 1.37) I²=93%]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.66 (0.30, 1.01) I²=83%, SMD 0.55 (0.24, 0.87) I²=81%, respectively. Glucose and HOMA-IR were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.22 (0.02, 0.41) I²= 57%, SMD 0.78 (0.52, 1.04) I² =26% respectively. Regarding lipid profile, PCOS had higher values for triglyceride [SMD= 0.39 (0.14, 0.64, I² =63%)], total cholesterol [SMD 0.36 (0.15, 0.57, I²=57%)] and LDL [SMD 0.44 (0.11, 0.78, I²=82%)] and lower values for HDL [SMD -0.56 (-0.78, -0.34) I²=68%]. Conclusions. Even though the studies considered were observational, including mostly small samples, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates women with PCOS from different regions of Brazil present worse cardiometabolic profile than women without PCOS. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016038537).

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