Characteristics, Classification, and Application of Stem Cells Derived from Human Teeth

Since mesenchymal stem cells derived from human teeth are characterized as having the properties of excellent proliferation, multilineage differentiation, and immune regulation. Dental stem cells exhibit fibroblast-like microscopic appearance and express mesenchymal markers, embryonic markers, and vascular markers but do not express hematopoietic markers. Dental stem cells are a mixed population with different sensitive markers, characteristics, and therapeutic effects. Single or combined surface markers are not only helpful for understanding the subpopulation of mixed stem cell populations according to cell function but also for improving the stable treatment effect of dental stem cells. Focusing on the discovery and characterization of stem cells isolated from human teeth over the past 20 years, this review outlines the effect of marker sorting on cell proliferation and differentiation ability and the assessment of the clinical application potential. Classified dental stem cells from markers and functional molecules can solve the problem of heterogeneity and ensure the efficacy of cell therapy strategies including dentistry, neurologic diseases, bone repair, and tissue engineering.

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In Vitro Proliferation of Various Human Dental Stem Cells

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.165 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 342-343 ◽

pp. 165-168

Author(s):

Sun Young Kook ◽

You Young Jo ◽

Hee Jung Lee ◽

Byoung Moo Seo ◽

Pill Hoon Choung

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Marker ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Dental Stem Cells ◽

In Vitro Proliferation ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Maxillary Bone ◽

Colony Forming Efficiency ◽

Forming Efficiency

To ascertain the properties of human dental stem cells, various postnatal human stem cells were isolated from extracted human teeth and jawbones. Isolated dental stem cells were plated until losing their ‘stemness’ and were evaluated for their proliferation rate, colony forming efficiency, and expression of a specific stem cell marker. These dental stem cells have the potential to proliferate for more than 10 passages, except for the maxillary bone marrow stem cells (MXBMSCs). In particular, stem cells obtained from the periapical follicle (PAFSCs) were definitely superior to the other dental stem cells in proliferation, colony forming efficiency and expression of specific stem cells marker.

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Dental stem cells and their application in Dentistry: a literature review

Revista Brasileira de Odontologia ◽

10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paula Nascimento Almeida ◽

Karin Soares Cunha

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Literature Review ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Dental Stem Cells ◽

Dental Origin ◽

Apical Papilla ◽

Regenerative Therapies ◽

Interesting Alternative

Objective: the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of the types of stem cells of dental origin and their applications in Dentistry. Material and Methods: for this, we selected scientific articles published between 2000 and 2016 through the databases PUBMED and LILACS. Results: there are five main sources of stem cells of dental origin: stem cells from dental pulp of permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament and dental follicle. These cells have been studied for the treatment of periodontitis, bone repair, regeneration of the pulp after necrosis as well as the development of new teeth. Conclusion: stem cells from dental origin are an interesting alternative for research and application in regenerative therapies in Dentistry.

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Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines6040100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 100 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Masahiro Hata ◽

Yoku Hayakawa ◽

Kazuhiko Koike

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cell Function ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Cell Markers ◽

Cellular Origin ◽

Cell Niche ◽

Stem Cell Populations ◽

G Protein Coupled

Several stem cell markers within the gastrointestinal epithelium have been identified in mice. One of the best characterized is Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) and evidence suggests that Lgr5+ cells in the gut are the origin of gastrointestinal cancers. Reserve or facultative stem or progenitor cells with the ability to convert to Lgr5+ cells following injury have also been identified. Unlike the intestine, where Lgr5+ cells at the crypt base act as active stem cells, the stomach may contain unique stem cell populations, since gastric Lgr5+ cells seem to behave as a reserve rather than active stem cells, both in the corpus and in the antral glands. Gastrointestinal stem cells are supported by a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche, which also promotes tumorigenesis. This review focuses on stem cell markers in the gut and their supporting niche factors. It also discusses the molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell function and tumorigenesis.

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Stem cells: Aging and transcriptional fingerprints

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201708099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 217 (1) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Brice E. Keyes ◽

Elaine Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Functional Abilities ◽

Future Directions ◽

Age Related ◽

Transcriptional Changes ◽

Stem Cell Populations

Stem cells are imbued with unique qualities. They have the capacity to propagate themselves through symmetric divisions and to divide asymmetrically to engender new cells that can progress to differentiate into tissue-specific, terminal cell types. Armed with these qualities, stem cells in adult tissues are tasked with replacing decaying cells and regenerating tissue after injury to maintain optimal tissue function. With increasing age, stem cell functional abilities decline, resulting in reduced organ function and delays in tissue repair. Here, we review the effect of aging in five well-studied adult murine stem cell populations and explore age-related declines in stem cell function and their consequences for stem cell self-renewal, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Finally, we examine transcriptional changes that have been documented in aged stem cell populations and discuss new questions and future directions that this collection of data has uncovered.

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Dental stem cells and bone repair

Faculty Dental Journal ◽

10.1308/204268510x12888693159264 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Christopher I Platt ◽

St John Crean

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Bone Augmentation ◽

Dental Stem Cells ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Mandibular Bone

Repair of a periodontal bone defect following surgery or trauma is essential to prevent further bone loss through resorption (Figure 1). Materials currently used for this procedure include autologous bone, deproteinised bovine bone or alloplastic bone substitutes. Although effective at maintaining periodontal architecture, these graft materials can be difficult to implant and may fail to incorporate into host tissue. Dental stem cells are currently being investigated for repair of mandibular bone defects. Recent clinical pilot studies in which autologous dental stem cells have been grafted into mandibular defects have produced encouraging results. This review will discuss current research surrounding the development of dental stem cells for bone augmentation and repair.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Regional anatomic and age effects on cell function of human adipose-derived stem cells.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1108281.564306 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Dietmar Werner Hutmacher

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Function ◽

Age Effects ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells

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In vitro Three Dimensional Scaffold-free Construct of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Coculture with Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.6.5670 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1341-1344

Author(s):

Grigore Berea ◽

Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽

Vasile Sandru ◽

Paul Dan Sirbu

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Single Cell ◽

Cell Line ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Complex interactions between stem cells, vascular cells and fibroblasts represent the substrate of building microenvironment-embedded 3D structures that can be grafted or added to bone substitute scaffolds in tissue engineering or clinical bone repair. Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (hASCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) can be mixed together in three dimensional scaffold free constructs and their behaviour will emphasize their potential use as seeding points in bone tissue engineering. Various combinations of the aforementioned cell lines were compared to single cell line culture in terms of size, viability and cell proliferation. At 5 weeks, viability dropped for single cell line spheroids while addition of NDHF to hASC maintained the viability at the same level at 5 weeks Fibroblasts addition to the 3D construct of stem cells and endothelial cells improves viability and reduces proliferation as a marker of cell differentiation toward osteogenic line.

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Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1983-1987

Author(s):

Cristian Trambitas ◽

Anca Maria Pop ◽

Alina Dia Trambitas Miron ◽

Dorin Constantin Dorobantu ◽

Flaviu Tabaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Calvarial Bone ◽

Specific Protocol ◽

Repair Mechanisms ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.

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Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666190222201749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 327-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carl R. Harrell ◽

Marina Gazdic ◽

Crissy Fellabaum ◽

Nemanja Jovicic ◽

Valentin Djonov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Animal Models ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Differentiation Capacity ◽

Cell Based Therapy

Background: Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Objective: In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: “amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-therapy”, “degenerative diseases”, “inflammatory diseases”, “regeneration”, “immunosuppression”. Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. Results: AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Conclusion: Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

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