scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in European Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jakub Gazda ◽  
Sylvia Drazilova ◽  
Martin Janicko ◽  
Peter Jarcuska
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Study Heterogeneity

Background. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease with wide ranges of reported incidence and prevalence. Aim. To map the incidence and prevalence of PBC in European countries from 2000 through 2020. Methods. Following PRISMA recommendations, we searched the Medline and Scopus databases for studies with information on either the incidence or prevalence of PBC. After data extraction, we used a random-effects model to estimate both the pooled annual incidence rate and pooled point-prevalence rate and performed subgroup analyses to identify components contributing to between-study heterogeneity. Results. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18 studies. The pooled point-prevalence rate was 22.27 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 17.98–27.01), and the pooled annual incidence rate was 1.87 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 1.46–2.34). In the subgroup analyses, we proved that a small part of the between-study heterogeneity is significantly associated with a history of being part of the Eastern Bloc.

scholarly journals Subarachnoid hemorrhage after surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Matsukawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Kamiyama ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsuboi ◽  
Kosumo Noda ◽  
Nakao Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Average Annual Incidence

OBJECTIVEOnly a few previous studies have investigated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after surgical treatment in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Given the improvement in long-term outcomes of embolization, more extensive data are needed concerning the true rupture rates after microsurgery in order to provide reliable information for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative SAH in patients with surgically treated UIAs.METHODSData from 702 consecutive patients harboring 852 surgically treated UIAs were evaluated. Surgical treatments included neck clipping (complete or incomplete), coating/wrapping, trapping, proximal occlusion, and bypass surgery. Clippable UIAs were defined as UIAs treated by complete neck clipping. The annual incidence of postoperative SAH and risk factors for SAH were studied using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models.RESULTSThe patients’ median age was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR] 56–71 years). Of 852 UIAs, 767 were clippable and 85 were not. The mean duration of follow-up was 731 days (SD 380 days). During 1708 aneurysm years, there were 4 episodes of SAH, giving an overall average annual incidence rate of 0.23% (95% CI 0.12%–0.59%) and an average annual incidence rate of 0.065% (95% CI 0.0017%–0.37%) for clippable UIAs (1 episode of SAH, 1552 aneurysm-years). Basilar artery location (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 23, 95% CI 2.0–255, p = 0.0012) and unclippable UIA status (adjusted HR 15, 95% CI 1.1–215, p = 0.046) were significantly related to postoperative SAH. An excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1) was achieved in 816 (95.7%) of 852 cases overall and in 748 (98%) of 767 clippable UIAs at 12 months.CONCLUSIONSIn this large case series, microsurgical treatment of UIAs was found to be safe and effective. Aneurysm location and unclippable morphologies were related to postoperative SAH in patients with surgically treated UIAs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals Community outbreak of hepatitis A in southern Italy – Campania, January-May 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Endemic Disease

Campania, a region in southern Italy, is one of the 20 political regions in Italy. Hepatitis A (HAV) is an endemic disease here, with an annual incidence rate often twice as high as the total rate for the rest of Italy

scholarly journals The inverse relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence: a 30-country analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Richterman ◽  
Andrew S Azman ◽  
Georgery Constant ◽  
Louise C Ivers
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Food Security

IntroductionIndividual and household-level evidence suggests a relationship between food insecurity and cholera risk. The relationship between national food security and the size of cholera outbreaks is unknown.MethodsWe analysed the relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence rate from 2012 to 2015 across 30 countries. We used components of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) as measures of food security. We included countries with available GFSI reporting cases of cholera during the study period, excluding high-income countries. We developed multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial models with annual cholera incidence rate as the outcome, GFSI components as the exposure of interest, fixed effects for country and year, and time-varying effects related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, oral cholera vaccine deployment, healthcare expenditure, conflict and extreme weather.ResultsThe 30 countries reported 550 106 total cases of cholera from 2012 to 2015, with a median annual incidence rate of 3.1 cases per 100 000 people (IQR 0.3–9.9). We found independent inverse relationships between cholera and Overall GFSI (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.78), GFSI-Availability (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.95) and GFSI-Affordability (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.92).ConclusionsWe identified a strong inverse relationship between national food security and annual incidence rate of cholera. In the context of prior evidence at the individual and household levels, this suggests that there is a linkage between food insecurity and cholera at the national level that should be further considered in assessing cholera risk in vulnerable regions and in designing cholera control interventions.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends in the incidence, treatment and outcomes of patients with mitral stenosis in Korea

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Youn Kim ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jun Pyo Myong ◽  
Young Choi ◽  
You Mi Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Changing Patterns

ObjectiveMitral stenosis increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Large data underlying the trend in incidence, treatment and outcomes of mitral stenosis are lacking.MethodsBased on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database in Republic of Korea, patients who were diagnosed with mitral stenosis between 2007 and 2016 were enrolled. Trends in the incidence rate and changing patterns of treatment and outcome for stroke and systemic embolism and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) were analysed.ResultsA total of 42 075 patients (mean age 60.7±13.5 years, 13 303 (31.6%) male) were included in the present study. The number included 27 824 (66.1%) patients with mitral stenosis and comorbid AF. The age-standardised annual incidence rate per 100 000 of mitral stenosis in Korea decreased remarkably from 10.3 to 3.6 over 10 years. The use of anticoagulation therapy increased consistently. The annual incidence of stroke and systemic embolism showed signs of plateau, while the incidence of ICH increased.ConclusionsThe overall incidence rate of mitral stenosis in Korean population has decreased remarkably. As increasing the use of vitamin K antagonist, the annual incidence rate of ICH was increased but the rate of stroke incidence reached a plateau. Alternative effective anticoagulation strategy should be investigated.

Atrial Fibrillation and Mitral Regurgitation: Clinical Performance of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in a Real-World Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Enrico Melillo ◽  
Anna Rago ◽  
Riccardo Proietti ◽  
Emilio Attena ◽  
Maddalena Carrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is frequently present in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR). Currently, there is a lack of real-world evidence specifically addressing the clinical performance of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with AF and concomitant MR. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety profile of DOACs therapy in patients with AF and MR. Methods: Data for this study were sourced from the Atrial Fibrillation Research Database in the Department of Cardiology at Monaldi Hospital. The database was queried for AF patients with MR who were prescribed DOACs therapy. The primary safety outcome was defined as the annual incidence rate of major bleeding events and the primary effectiveness outcome as the annual incidence rate of all events classified as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, and systemic embolisms. Results: Consecutive AF patients with concomitant mild to severe MR who received DOACs therapy (n = 259) were included. Patients were dichotomized in 2 groups according to MR severity: a mild-to-moderate group (MR 1-2+; n = 151) and a moderate-to-severe group (MR 3-4+; n = 108). The incidence rate of major bleedings was significantly higher in MR 3-4+ group (3.92%) compared with the MR 1-2+ group (1.18%; hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.3; P = .0059). The incidence rate of thromboembolic events between MR 3-4+ group (0.66%) and MR 1-2+ group (0.62%) was not significantly different (HR: 0.75; P = .823). Conclusions: In the present study, there was no difference in the efficacy profile of DOACs between AF patients with mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe MR. Considering the increased bleeding risk, a close and careful follow-up should be warranted for patients with moderate-to-severe MR.

scholarly journals Human toxocariasis: incidence among residents in the outskirts of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Anaruma Filho ◽  
Pedro Paulo Chieffi ◽  
Carlos Roberto S. Correa ◽  
Eide Dias Camargo ◽  
Edilene P. Real da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate

With the aim of estimating the incidence of infection by Toxocara among residents in the outskirts of Campinas (State of São Paulo, Brazil) two serological surveys, using ELISA anti-Toxocara tests, were performed in January 1999 and January 2000, involving, respectively, 138 and 115 individuals, 75 of which examined in both occasions. Among this group 67 individuals did not show the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in 1999, and 12 presented seroconversion in the second survey, revealing an annual incidence rate of 17.9%.

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in south-western Sardinia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Claudia Sardu ◽  
Rita Massa ◽  
Elena Mamusa ◽  
Luigina Musu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
High Risk Area

Background: Sardinia is a known high-risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS), but no data for south-western Sardinia (SWS) are available. SWS has a genetically homogeneous population, apart from St Peter Island, and represents a peculiar environment related to the industrial, mineralogical and military economy. Objective: To estimate prevalence and incidence and to evaluate temporal trends and geographical distribution of MS in SWS. Methods: MS prevalence was evaluated on 31 December 2007 and crude mean annual incidence rate was defined between 2003 and 2007. Temporal trend in MS incidence was assessed using the Armitage test. To identify MS clusters, Standard Morbidity Ratio (SMR) was calculated for each village and geographical distribution prevalence by means of a Bayesian hierarchical model. Results: Total crude prevalence rate was 210.4 (95% CI 186.3–234.5): 280.3 (95% CI 241.4–319.3) for females, 138 (95% CI 110.1–165.8) for males. The crude mean annual incidence rate was 9.7/100,000 (95% CI 3.4–13.2): 4.7/100,000 (95% CI 2.4–17.0) and 14.6/100,000 (95% CI 11.8–34.8) for males and females respectively. MS incidence has increased over the last 50 years. Cluster analysis showed an SMR of 0.2 (95% CI 0.05–0.68, p = 0.002) on the island of San Pietro, and 2.0 (95% CI 1.35–2.95, p = 0.001) in Domusnovas. Spatial distribution of MS was confirmed by Bayesian geographical analysis. Conclusions: Our data confirm Sardinia as a high-risk area for MS and support the relevance of genetic factors in MS, as evidenced in St Peter Island. However, we found an unexpectedly high MS prevalence in one village, in particular in males, suggesting an environmental influence on MS occurrence.

AB0581 The Estimated Annual Incidence Rate of Polyarteritis Nodosa in Slovenia: Table 1.

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 998.1-998
Author(s):  
R. Jese ◽  
Z. Rotar ◽  
S. Praprotnik ◽  
A. Hocevar ◽  
M. Tomsic
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Polyarteritis Nodosa ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Vestibular Schwannoma in Manitoba, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Frohlich ◽  
Garnette R. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Peak

ABSTRACT:The incidence of vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) in Manitoba, Canada was reviewed. From 1987 through 1991, 71 tumors were diagnosed in 69 patients. The overall annual incidence rate for both sexes was 1.27/100,000 with male and female annual incidences of 1.31/100,000 and 1.24/100,000 respectively. For males, there was an early peak in the age group 30 - 39 years (2.1/100,000). Following the fifth decade, the incidence for males plateaued (2.7 - 3.6/100,000). For females, the incidence increased with age up to age 60 - 69 years (4.1/100,000). This was followed by a progressive decline in the incidence. Although the incidence of vestibular schwannoma was relatively high, the clinical features were not unlike those previously reported in the literature.

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