Morphological, Structural, and Optical Bandgap Characterization of Extracted ZnO Nanoparticles from Commercial Paste

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were extracted from a commercial paste in both colloidal and precipitate forms. The Zetasizer analysis performed on the colloid showed ZnO NPs ranging from ∼30 nm to ∼100 nm. Thin films of ZnO were deposited on glass substrates by spin-coating technique from a mixture of the extracted colloid and precipitate. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed uniformly arranged, mesoporous, and nanostructured ZnO particles of different shapes, with an estimated film thickness of 0.67 μm. Analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the presence of ZnO in the films, with no impurities or remnants of other materials. The XRD analysis showed a polycrystalline nature of the films and identified a pure phase formation of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from the diffraction peaks is ∼43.25 nm. The calculated crystal tensile strain is 1.954 × 10−3, which increases the crystal volume by 0.728% compared with the crystal volume of standard ZnO. The calculated crystal parameters are a = b = 3.258 Å and c = 5.217 Å. The calculated dislocation density (d) and bond length Zn–O (L) are 5.35 × 10−4 nm−2 and 2.695 Å, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra showed an optical band gap of ∼3.80 eV.

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Antibacterial Activity of Ag-Doped TiO2 and Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2018/5927485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gebretinsae Yeabyo Nigussie ◽

Gebrekidan Mebrahtu Tesfamariam ◽

Berhanu Menasbo Tegegne ◽

Yemane Araya Weldemichel ◽

Tesfakiros Woldu Gebreab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Doped Zno

We report in this paper antibacterial activity of Ag-doped TiO2 and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) under visible light irradiation synthesized by using a sol-gel method. Structural, morphological, and basic optical properties of these samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum, and UV-Vis reflectance. Room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that Ag-doped TiO2 has both rutile and anatase phases, but TiO2 NPs only have the anatase phase. In both ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO NPs, the hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed. The morphologies of TiO2 and ZnO were influenced by doping with Ag, as shown from the SEM images. EDX confirms that the samples are composed of Zn, Ti, Ag, and O elements. UV-Vis reflectance results show decreased band gap energy of Ag-doped TiO2 and Ag-doped ZnO NPs in comparison to that of TiO2 and ZnO. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the synthesized materials. The reduction in the viability of all the three bacteria to zero using Ag-doped ZnO occurred at 60 μg/mL of culture, while Ag-doped TiO2 showed zero viability at 80 μg/mL. Doping of Ag on ZnO and TiO2 plays a vital role in the increased antibacterial activity performance.

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A study on Cu and Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green dye: synthesis and characterization

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.275 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1426-1435 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Gnanaprakasam ◽

V. M. Sivakumar ◽

M. Thirumarimurugan

Keyword(s):

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Brilliant Green ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Band Gap Energy ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Sem Images ◽

Xrd Diffraction ◽

Doped Zno

Novel polyvinyl pyrrolidone capped pure, Ag (1–3%) and Cu doped (1–3%) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Compared to pure ZnO, the absorption bands of Ag and Cu doped ZnO NPs were shifted and, further, the band gap energy was also decreased which confirms the incorporation of Ag and Cu into the ZnO lattice. The XRD diffraction peak confirms that all the synthesized compounds are found to be of highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. In addition, the presence of Ag and Cu in the ZnO NPs was further evidenced from EDS analysis. FE-SEM images established the morphology of the doped ZnO NPs which was not affected by the addition of Ag and Cu. The photocatalytic activity of undoped, Ag doped (1–3%) and Cu doped (1–3%) ZnO NPs were tested with brilliant green dye under UV irradiation. Degradation study reveals that doping has a distinct effect on the photocatalytic behavior of ZnO NPs. In addition to that, kinetic, thermodynamic and reusability studies have been performed for the 2% Ag doped ZnO NPs.

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Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.73272.2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1077

Author(s):

Gabriel Amani Kaningini ◽

Shohreh Azizi ◽

Hlengilizwe Nyoni ◽

Fhatuwani Nixwel Mudau ◽

Keletso Cecilia Mohale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽

Sem Images ◽

Natural Extract ◽

X Ray ◽

Athrixia Phylicoides

Background: Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much consideration due to its technological and medicinal applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles using Athrixia phylicoides DC natural extract as a reducing agent. Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: LC-MS results showed that different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to form ZnO nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis analysis confirmed the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-spherical ZnO crystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity. Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A. phylicoides DC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pure ZnO nanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Ce3+-Doped Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 Nanoparticles by Sol–Gel Auto-Combustion Method

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11101156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1156

Author(s):

Danyal Ahmad ◽

Nasir Mehboob ◽

Abid Zaman ◽

Nabeel Ahmed ◽

Kashif Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Crystallite Size ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Auto Combustion ◽

Ray Density

Cerium (Ce)-doped Ni0.5Cd0.5CexFe2−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the samples retained spinel cubic crystal structure with space group Fd3m at 800 °C. Crystal structure parameters, such as lattice constant, average crystallite size, and X-ray density were estimated from the major XRD (311) peak. Bulk density and porosity were also calculated. The average crystallite size was estimated to be in the range of 20–24 nm. SEM images displayed agglomerated particles with a porous morphology. The dielectric constant (ε′) increased and the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) decreased with rising Ce concentration. The hysteresis loop (M–H loop) was measured at room temperature using a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), which showed a nonlinear decrease in magnetization and coercivity with increasing Ce concentration.

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Investigation on the Optical and Surface Morphology of Conjugated Polymer MEH-PPV:ZnO Nanocomposite Thin Films

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/793679 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nurul Zayana Yahya ◽

Mohamad Rusop

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Conjugated Polymer ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Phenylene Vinylene ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Red Color ◽

Nanocomposite Thin Films

Thin films of red color poly(2-methoxy-5(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) containing different weight percent of ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by spin-coating techniques. The MEH-PPV:ZnO solutions were spin coated onto silicon and glass substrates. The spun MEH-PPV:ZnO thin films were then used to investigate optical properties by using ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence spectrophotometer (PL). The morphologies were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while the identification of ZnO in the final product was determined by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The UV-Vis absorption band increases, while the optical bandgap decreases when the amount of ZnO nanoparticles increases. ZnO nanoparticles apparently have no effect on the conjugation segments of MEH-PPV. PL spectra show that the emission peak increases and slightly red shift as ZnO concentration increases. Based on SEM images of MEH-PPV:ZnO nanocomposite thin films, ZnO nanoparticles form agglomerated regions.

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Synthesis of Imine-Bearing ZnO Nanoparticle Thin Films and Characterization of Their Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2015.11238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 8114-8119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Narinder Kaur ◽

Sanjeev K. Sharma ◽

Deuk Young Kim ◽

Hemant Sharma ◽

Narinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Visible Region ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Zno Nanoparticle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Corning Glass

We are presenting the first report on the fabrication of imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticle thin films grown on Corning glass by spin coating. The sol was prepared by dissolving imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticles in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The thickness of the films was manipulated to be 125–200 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed hexagonal wurtzite structure of imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticles thin films with a (002) preferential orientation. The stretching of chemical bonds of the imine linkage and Zn–O in imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticle thin films was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The grain size of the films increased with increasing the thickness of the films due to the number of coatings and subsequently dried at 200°C. The transmittance of imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticle thin films was observed to be ≥94%, which was in close agreement to pure ZnO thin films in the visible region. The bandgap of imine-bearing ZnO nanoparticle thin films (3.04 eV), evaluated from Tauc’s plot, was observed to be lower than that of pure ZnO (3.21 eV), which is attributed to the interaction of the ZnO nanoparticles with the imine receptor.

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Tuning of Photoluminescence and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles through Sr Doping for Biomedical Applications

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/8352204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

R. Karthick ◽

P. Sakthivel ◽

C. Selvaraju ◽

Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Crystallite Size ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Luminescence Spectra ◽

X Ray ◽

Doped Zno ◽

Doping Ratio

Sr-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using a soft chemical method. The doping ratio of Sr is varied in the range of 0 at.%, 3 at.%, and 5 at.% to 7 at.%. X-ray diffractograms revealed that the samples had hexagonal (wurtzite) structure without a trace of any mixed phase. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles (NPs) ranged from 39 to 46 nm. The average crystallite size was increased for the initial doping (3 at.%) of Sr ions, and further increase in the doping ratio reduced the particle size due to some distortion produced in the lattice. The surface morphology of the samples and structure of the NPs were investigated using FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) pictures, respectively. EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of strontium (Sr) in the host lattice. Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the dopant ions replace some of the lattice zinc ions and that Sr2+ and Sr3+ ions coexist in the ZnO lattice. The Sr-doped ZnO exhibited violet and blue luminescence spectra at 408 nm and 492 nm, respectively. ZnO : Sr nanoparticles showed increased antibacterial activity against one gram-positive as well as one gram-negative bacteria.

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Effect of calcination temperature on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of pure and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Materials Science-Poland ◽

10.1515/msp-2016-0059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 451-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Raminder Preet Pal Singh ◽

I.S. Hudiara ◽

Shashi Bhushan Rana

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Ferric Nitrate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Magnetization Saturation ◽

Doped Zno

AbstractIn the present study, pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO (Zn0.97Fe0.03O) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple coprecipitation method with zinc acetate, ferric nitrate and sodium hydroxide precursors. Pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO were further calcined at 450 °C, 600 °C and 750 °C for 2 h. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the as-synthesized pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using Debye-Scherrer’s formula. The particle size was found to be in nano range and increased with an increase in calcination temperature. SEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles. Elemental compositions of various elements in pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles were determined by EDX spectroscopy. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed red shift (decrease in band gap) with increasing calcination temperature. Effect of calcination on the magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO sample was also studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). M-H curves at room temperature revealed that coercivity and remanent polarization increase with an increase in calcination temperature from 450 °C to 750 °C, whereas reverse effect was observed for magnetization saturation.

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Simplistic Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Spherical ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared from Arabinose Solution

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2019-0059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 937-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Babiker Y. Abdulkhair ◽

Mutaz E. Salih ◽

Nuha Y. Elamin ◽

A. MA. Fatima ◽

A. Modwi

Keyword(s):

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Photocatalytic Performance ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Zinc Nitrate ◽

Wurtzite Structure ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Pollutant Degradation ◽

X Ray ◽

Good Crystallinity

AbstractStrenuous efforts have been employed to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) with eco-friendly methods; however, few studies have reported the fabrication of ZnO using a sustainable procedure. In this study, spherical ZnO nanoparticles were successfully fabricated for photocatalysis applications using a simple and eco-friendly method using an arabinose sugar solution. The ZnO nanoparticles with a wurtzite structure were obtained by combining zinc nitrate and arabinose in water, followed by heating, evaporation, and calcinations at different annealing temperatures. The annealed ZnO photocatalysts were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure and good crystallinity with crystallite size increasing from 18 to 31 nm by means of an increase in the annealing temperature. The photocatalytic performance was examined to determine the degradation of mix dye waste. The spherical ZnO nanoparticles showed mix pollutant degradation of 84 % in 25 min at 400 °C.

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Chemically and Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Alter Key Immunological Molecules in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Skin Mucus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3270

Author(s):

Ghasem Rashidian ◽

Carlo C. Lazado ◽

Heba H. Mahboub ◽

Ramin Mohammadi-Aloucheh ◽

Marko D. Prokić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Sem Images ◽

Skin Mucus ◽

X Ray ◽

Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Carp Cyprinus Carpio

This study was conducted to compare the effects of commercially available (C) and green synthesized (GS) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on immunological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin mucus. GS ZnO-NPs were generated using Thymus pubescent and characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fish (n = 150) were randomly allocated into five groups in triplicate and received a waterborne concentration of 0% (control), 25%, and 50% of LC50 96 h of commercially available (C1 and C2) and green synthesized ZnO-NPs (GS1 and GS2) for 21 days. Results from XRD displayed ZnO-NPs with 58 nm in size and UV-vis DRS, EDX, and FT-IR analysis showed that some functional groups from plant extract bonded to the surface of NPs. The SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs have conical morphology. Acute toxicity study showed a higher dose of LC5096h for green synthesized ZnO-NPs (78.9 mg.L−1) compared to the commercial source (59.95 mg.L−1). The highest activity of lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were found in control and GS1 groups. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was found in C1 and C2 groups compared to other treatments. Protease activity (P) was significantly decreased in the C2 group compared to the control and GS groups. Total immunoglobulin (total Ig) content was the highest in the control. In addition, total Ig in the GS1 group was higher than GS2. The exposure to ZnO-NPs lowered total protein content in all experimental groups when compared to control. Present findings revealed lower induced immunosuppressive effects by green synthesized ZnO-NPs on key parameters of fish skin mucus.

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