scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of the Kinetic Influence of Liquid Sloshing Characteristics on High-Clearance Sprayers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Jing’an Feng ◽  
Wenkang Wan ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Songlin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Liquid Sloshing ◽  
Roll Angle ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Stochastic Acceleration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Clearance

To research the influence of liquid sloshing on the driving stability of high-clearance sprayers, this paper builds an equivalent liquid sloshing mechanical model and obtains the stochastic acceleration excitation of the rectangular spray tank using the Adams kinetic model, thus obtaining the relationship between the impact force, moment, and the stochastic acceleration using Fluent numerical simulation analysis. This paper makes further calculations with MATLAB/Simulink system models, and the result from comparing these two calculations shows that the equivalent strategy proposed in this paper has a better consistency. Based on the consideration of the acting forces of the additional moment due to lateral movement of the center of mass of the liquid and the dynamic pressure due to liquid sloshing in the tank, this paper builds a mathematical model of the sprayer and researches the influence of the filling ratio and vehicle velocity on the vehicle stability through stochastic acceleration excitation. The results show that, in the case of different speeds, the liquid sloshing has a small influence on the overall roll angle; in the case of different filling ratios, the liquid sloshing has a big influence on the overall roll angle, the slip angle of the center of mass, and the yaw angular velocity; the filling ratio k = 0.85 and the speed u = 1 m/s−2 m/s are safe operation parameters of the sprayer. This research provides reference solutions for the stability control and optimization problems of the high-clearance sprayer and semitrailer.

The Simulation Study of the Car Curve Traveling Traction Control System

2013 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Ning Ning Wang ◽  
Yan Yan Duan ◽  
Jian Guo Xi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Article on the basis of analysis the impact of changes on the braking force in the tire vertical load and slip angle when the car turns, using the generated neural network force model of the tire, to find the optimum value of the slip ratio of the tire under different parameters. For the case of deviating from the expected running track when the car curve traveling. It puts forward the control strategy of using yaw moment technology to control vehicle stability, vehicle stability fuzzy controller is designed, cars driving in curve conditions are simulated. The results showed that the use of neural network seeks to control of identification of the tire characteristics and longitudinal forces optimal slip rate, can reduce the risk of deviations from the expected running track when cars driving in curve, improve tracking ability of the car driving in curve, it proposed the stability control method for improve driving safety has a certain significance.

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing Strategy of Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Promoting Green Behavior Based on Time and Space Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
Dongxiao Niu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Lijie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Optimal Pricing Strategy ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact

Considering that the charging behaviors of users of electric vehicles (EVs) (including charging time and charging location) are random and uncertain and that the disorderly charging of EVs brings new challenges to the power grid, this paper proposes an optimal electricity pricing strategy for EVs based on region division and time division. Firstly, by comparing the number of EVs and charging stations in different districts of a city, the demand ratio of charging stations per unit is calculated. Secondly, according to the demand price function and the principle of profit maximization, the charging price between different districts of a city is optimized to guide users to charge in districts with more abundant charging stations. Then, based on the results of the zonal pricing strategy, the time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy in different districts is discussed. In the TOU pricing model, consumer satisfaction, the profit of power grid enterprises, and the load variance of the power grid are considered comprehensively. Taking the optimization of the comprehensive index as the objective function, the TOU pricing optimization model of EVs is constructed. Finally, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the above optimization problems. The specific data of EVs in a municipality directly under the Central Government are taken as examples for this analysis. The empirical results demonstrate that the peak-to-valley ratio of a certain day in the city is reduced from 56.8% to 43% by using the optimal pricing strategy, which further smooth the load curve and alleviates the impact of load fluctuation. To a certain extent, the problem caused by the uneven distribution of electric vehicles and charging stations has been optimized. An orderly and reasonable electricity pricing strategy can guide users to adjust charging habits, to ensure grid security, and to ensure the economic benefits of all parties.

scholarly journals A Fault Tolerant Vehicle Stability Control Using Adaptive Control Allocation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Temiz ◽  
Melih Cakmakci ◽  
Yildiray Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Control Allocation ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Virtual Control ◽  
Yaw Stability

This paper presents an integrated fault-tolerant adaptive control allocation strategy for four wheel frive - four wheel steering ground vehicles to increase yaw stability. Conventionally, control of brakes, motors and steering angles are handled separately. In this study, these actuators are controlled simultaneously using an adaptive control allocation strategy. The overall structure consists of two steps: At the first level, virtual control input consisting of the desired traction force, the desired moment correction and the required lateral force correction to maintain driver’s intention are calculated based on the driver’s steering and throttle input and vehicle’s side slip angle. Then, the allocation module determines the traction forces at each wheel, front steering angle correction and rear steering wheel angle, based on the virtual control input. Proposed strategy is validated using a non-linear three degree of freedom reduced two-track vehicle model and results demonstrate that the vehicle can successfully follow the reference motion while protecting yaw stability, even in the cases of device failure and changed road conditions.

Impact of Age and Body Mass Index on Anthropometry in Working Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1341-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Merrill ◽  
April Chambers ◽  
Rakié Cham
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Body Segment Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Body segment parameters (BSPs) such as segment mass and center of mass are used as inputs in ergonomic design and biomechanical models to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. These models have been shown to be sensitive to the BSP values used as inputs, demonstrating the necessity of using accurate and representative parameters. This study aims to provide accurate BSPs by quantifying the impact of age and body mass index on torso and thigh mass and center of mass in working adults using whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan data. The results showed significant effects of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on torso and thigh mass and center of mass, as well as significant effects of age and BMI within genders, indicating that age, gender, and BMI need to be taken into account when predicting BSPs in order to calculate representative ergonomic and biomechanical model outputs.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Ram Effect Caused by Debris Hypervelocity Impact on Satellite Tank

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beilei Zhao ◽  
Jiguang Zhao ◽  
Cunyan Cui ◽  
Yongsheng Duan
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Ram ◽  
Ram Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bulge Height

To study the hydrodynamic ram effect caused by the debris hypervelocity impact on the satellite tank, a numerical simulation of the spherical debris impacting the satellite tank at the velocity of 7000 m/s was carried out based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The attenuation law of debris velocity, the propagation process of the shock wave and the deformation of the tank walls were investigated. The influences of the liquid-filling ratio, the magnitude, and direction of angular velocity on the hydrodynamic ram effect were analyzed. Results show that the debris velocity decreased rapidly and the residual velocity was 263 m/s when the debris passed through the tank. The shock wave was hemispherical, and the pressure of shock wave was the smallest at the element with an angle of 90° to the impact line. The maximum diameter of the front perforation was larger than that of the back perforation and the bulge height on the front wall was smaller than that on the back wall. With the decrease of the liquid-filling ratio, the diameter of the perforations and bulge height decreased. When the debris impacted the satellite tank with the angular velocity in the x direction, the debris trajectory did not deflect. When the debris impacted the satellite tank with the angular velocities in the y and z direction, the debris trajectory deflected to the negative direction of the z axis and y axis, respectively. The magnitude of the angular velocity affects the residual velocity of debris and the diameter of perforations.

scholarly journals STUDY ON IMPACT FORCES OF THE UNDERWATER CAVITY PROJECTILE

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thai Dung ◽  
Nguyen Duc Thuyen
Keyword(s):  
Drag Force ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Impact Point ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Underwater Projectile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cavity Effect

The motion of the underwater projectile with cavity effect including two motions: the projectile moves in the forward direction, center of mass of the projectile rotation around its nose makes tail of the projectile impacts on the cavity wall. According to, the impact forces occur, they include the drag force at its none, the impact force at impact point. The paper studies the forces occur on during motion of the underwater cavity projectile. Added, this paper considers the effect of the length and distributive projectile to the magnitude of impact force and the drag force of the underwater cavity projectile.

Optimal Rollover Prevention With Steer by Wire and Differential Braking

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Carlson ◽  
J. Christian Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Roll Angle ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Rollover Prevention ◽  
Steer By Wire ◽  
Nonlinear Vehicle Model ◽  
Double Lane Change

This paper uses Model Predictive Control theory to develop a framework for automobile stability control. The framework is then demonstrated with a roll mode controller which seeks to actively limit the peak roll angle of the vehicle while simultaneously tracking the driver’s yaw rate command. Initially, control law presented assumes knowledge of the complete input trajectory and acts as a benchmark for the best performance any controller could have on this system. This assumption is then relaxed by only assuming that the current driver steering command is available. Numerical simulations on a nonlinear vehicle model show that both control structures effectively track the driver intended yaw rate during extreme maneuvers while also limiting the peak roll angle. During ordinary driving, the controlled vehicle behaves identically to an ordinary vehicle. These preliminary results shows that for double lane change maneuvers, it is possible to limit roll angle while still closely tracking the driver’s intent.

scholarly journals Choosing Mutation and Crossover Ratios for Genetic Algorithms—A Review with a New Dynamic Approach

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassanat ◽  
Khalid Almohammadi ◽  
Esra’a Alkafaween ◽  
Eman Abunawas ◽  
Awni Hammouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crossover And Mutation

Genetic algorithm (GA) is an artificial intelligence search method that uses the process of evolution and natural selection theory and is under the umbrella of evolutionary computing algorithm. It is an efficient tool for solving optimization problems. Integration among (GA) parameters is vital for successful (GA) search. Such parameters include mutation and crossover rates in addition to population that are important issues in (GA). However, each operator of GA has a special and different influence. The impact of these factors is influenced by their probabilities; it is difficult to predefine specific ratios for each parameter, particularly, mutation and crossover operators. This paper reviews various methods for choosing mutation and crossover ratios in GAs. Next, we define new deterministic control approaches for crossover and mutation rates, namely Dynamic Decreasing of high mutation ratio/dynamic increasing of low crossover ratio (DHM/ILC), and Dynamic Increasing of Low Mutation/Dynamic Decreasing of High Crossover (ILM/DHC). The dynamic nature of the proposed methods allows the ratios of both crossover and mutation operators to be changed linearly during the search progress, where (DHM/ILC) starts with 100% ratio for mutations, and 0% for crossovers. Both mutation and crossover ratios start to decrease and increase, respectively. By the end of the search process, the ratios will be 0% for mutations and 100% for crossovers. (ILM/DHC) worked the same but the other way around. The proposed approach was compared with two parameters tuning methods (predefined), namely fifty-fifty crossover/mutation ratios, and the most common approach that uses static ratios such as (0.03) mutation rates and (0.9) crossover rates. The experiments were conducted on ten Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP). The experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed (DHM/ILC) when dealing with small population size, while the proposed (ILM/DHC) was found to be more effective when using large population size. In fact, both proposed dynamic methods outperformed the predefined methods compared in most cases tested.

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