Clove Buds Essential Oil: The Impact of Grinding on the Chemical Composition and Its Biological Activities Involved in Consumer’s Health Security

This study is aimed at identifying the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the Syzygium aromaticum seeds, as well as investigating its biological activities, insecticide effect, and allelopathic properties. The extraction yield was about 14.3 and 7.14% for grounded and ungrounded seeds, respectively. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 heterogeneous compounds, including eugenol (68.7-87.4%), as major compound, cyperene (20.5-7.2%), phenethyl isovalerate (6.4-3.6%), and cis-thujopsene (1.9-0.8%), respectively, for grounded and ungrounded seeds. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 35 mm when the essential oil extracted from grounded seeds was applied against Escherichia coli. Regarding the antioxidant activity via the DPPH radical scavenging test, the IC 50 varied from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.5 μ g / mL . With respect to reducing power, the efficient concentration EC 50 ranged from 32 to 50 μg/mL. The essential oil exhibited also an allelopathic effect against seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, as well as an insecticide effect against Sitophilus oryzae with a DL 50 value of 252.4 μL/L air. These findings enhance the use of this spice as a natural food preservative and encourage its use in several fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and therapy, that could be a strategic way to guarantee the consumer’s health.

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, and Neuroprotective Properties of Prangos gaubae

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mir Babak Bahadori ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Shahram Bahadori ◽

Filippo Maggi ◽

Leila Dinparast

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Chemical composition of essential oil and the potential of Prangos gaubae for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, Diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases were evaluated for the first time. In this direction, enzyme inhibitory effects, antioxidant activity, and total bioactive contents of the plant were determined. EO showed high acetylcholinesterase (2.97 mg GEs/g oil), α-amylase (1.35 mmol ACEs/g oil), α-glucosidase (38.84 mmol ACEs/g oil), and lipase (1.59 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Moreover, strong antioxidant effects were observed in antiradical (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), total antioxidant, and metal chelating assays. Methanol extract exhibited promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.47 mmol TEs/g extract) and also high reducing power in CUPRAC (0.89 mmol TEs/g extract) and FRAP (0.52 mmol TEs/g extract) assays. All extracts showed low total flavonoid but high total phenolics content. Furthermore, they exhibited strong skin-care effect in tyrosinase inhibition assay. EO analysis showed the presence of germacrene D (26.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), ( E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and spathulenol (11.3%) as the major volatile components. Results indicated that P. gaubae has promising potential for possible uses in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.

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Biological Activities of Carlina Oxide Isolated from the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190117152740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 145-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Imane Rihab Mami ◽

Rania Belabbes ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Natural Food ◽

Antioxidant Power

Background: Carthamus caeruleus belongs to the Asteraceae family. The roots are traditionally used as healing agents. They help to heal burns and treat skin diseases. They are also used against joint inflammation and are very effective against diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome for cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this work was i) to study the chemical composition of i) the essential oil and hydrosol extract of Carthamus caeruleus, ii) to isolate the major component of both extracts and iii) to evaluate their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Methods: The essential oil and hydrosol extract obtained from the roots were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oil and Carlina oxide was investigated against plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of C. caeruleus essential oil besides Carlina oxide was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil and hydrosol extract were mainly represented by acetylenic compounds such as carline oxide and 13-methoxy carline oxide. Carlina oxide was isolated and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic means. The results showed that Carlina oxide presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while C. caeruleus root essential oil had better insecticidal activity. Furthermore, Carlina oxide has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum. Conclusion: Carlina oxide can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored apple against Penicillium expansum.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24101904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magdalena de J. Rostro-Alanis ◽

Juan Báez-González ◽

Cynthia Torres-Alvarez ◽

Roberto Parra-Saldívar ◽

José Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Vacuum Distillation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Almost All

Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.

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Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Essential Bioactivities for Human Health

10.20944/preprints202108.0386.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Nabor Haro-González ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera ◽

Moisés Martínez-Velázquez ◽

Hugo Espinosa-Andrews

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Food Applications ◽

Clove Essential Oil ◽

Interest In Research

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfumery, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has relevant biological activities to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticide. This review describes the effect of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the chemical composition of essential oil and its correlation with their biological activities. Likewise, are summarized the main compounds and their reported biological activities. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. Finally, this review presents the new biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive and anticancer, which are beneficial for human health. This review aims to compile the effect of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on chemical composition, food applications, as well as a current description of biological activities of interest to human health. Biological activities have increased interest in research into this essential oil and its future applications in the food or pharmaceutical industry.

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A comparative analysis of bark and leaf essential oil and their chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities and genotoxic potential of North East Indian Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666191119111800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roktim Gogoi ◽

Neelav Sarma ◽

Rikraj Loying ◽

Sudin Kumar Pandey ◽

Twahira Begum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

North East ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf essential oil possesses eugenol as the major component. Both the essential oil have the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and negligible genotoxicity. Objective: A comparative chemical composition and biological evaluation of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, bark and leaf essential oils, originated from North-East India has been investigated in the present study. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis was used to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil samples. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay was used for antioxidant activity evaluation. Similarly, egg albumin denaturation assay, protease inhibitory activities were used for anti-inflammatory activity, while genotoxicity was evaluated by using Allium cepa assay. Results: The results showed that eugenol is the major component of C. zeylanicum bark (84.48%) and leaf (48.78 %) essential oil. Significant antioxidant activity were observed for both essential oils in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50= 103.2 μg/mL, bark; IC50= 234.7 μg/mL, leaf), and reducing power assay (absorbance of 1.802 nm, 0.907 nm in 48 µg/mL for bark and leaf essential oil respectively). In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed strong potential of leaf essential oil (protein denaturation assay, IC50= 0.05279 μg/mL; protease inhibitory activity IC50= 3.607 μg/mL) in comparison to bark essential oil (protein denaturation assay IC50= 0.1491, protease inhibitory activity IC50= 61.06). Allium cepa root growth test, mitotic index, and chromosomal aberration test were performed to investigate the genotoxicity of C. zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oil, which resulted no toxic nature of both the essential oils. Antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial and fungal strains revealed good antimicrobial properties with the MIC value of Staphylococcus aureus at 5 μL/mL (bark), Aspergillus niger at 2.5 μL/mL (bark); Bacillus cereus at 5 μL/mL (leaf), Aspergillus niger at 2.5 μL/mL (leaf). Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicated the strong biological potential of both essential oils, although bark essential possesses better biologically activities than the leaf essential oil and could be used in the food and beverages industries.

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Seasonal Effect on the Chemical Composition, Insecticidal Properties and Other Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. Essential Oils

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 550 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Evelyne Amenan Tanoh ◽

Guy Blanchard Boué ◽

Fatimata Nea ◽

Manon Genva ◽

Esse Leon Wognin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Seasonal Effect ◽

The Impact

This study focused, for the first time, on the evaluation of the seasonal effect on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils hydrodistillated from leaves, trunk bark and fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Z. leprieurii), a traditional medicinal wild plant growing in Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh organs of Z. leprieurii growing on the same site over several months using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Leaf essential oils were dominated by tridecan-2-one (9.00 ± 0.02–36.80 ± 0.06%), (E)-β-ocimene (1.30 ± 0.50–23.57 ± 0.47%), β-caryophyllene (7.00 ± 1.02–19.85 ± 0.48%), dendrolasin (1.79 ± 0.08–16.40 ± 0.85%) and undecan-2-one (1.20 ± 0.03–8.51 ± 0.35%). Fruit essential oils were rich in β-myrcene (16.40 ± 0.91–48.27 ± 0.26%), citronellol (1.90 ± 0.02–28.24 ± 0.10%) and geranial (5.30 ± 0.53–12.50 ± 0.47%). Tridecan-2-one (45.26 ± 0.96–78.80 ± 0.55%), β-caryophyllene (1.80 ± 0.23–13.20 ± 0.33%), α-humulene (4.30 ± 1.09–12.73 ± 1.41%) and tridecan-2-ol (2.23 ± 0.17–10.10 ± 0.61%) were identified as major components of trunk bark oils. Statistical analyses of essential oil compositions showed that the variability mainly comes from the organs. Indeed, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed us to cluster the samples into three groups, each one consisting of one different Z. leprieurii organ, showing that essential oils hydrodistillated from the different organs do not display the same chemical composition. However, significant differences in essential oil compositions for the same organ were highlighted during the studied period, showing the impact of the seasonal effect on essential oil compositions. Biological activities of the produced essential oils were also investigated. Essential oils exhibited high insecticidal activities against Sitophilus granarius, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and moderate anti-plasmodial properties.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb Essential Oil

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2021/v9i430224 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Fatiha Abdellah ◽

Badra Boubakeur ◽

Noura Ayad ◽

Laid Boukraa ◽

Si Mohamed Hammoudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Mic Value

Aims: In this study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata were investigated. Study design: The study contains determination of the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. caryophyllata and the in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of this oil. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the laboratory of research on local animal products of Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: The essential oil composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometrical analyses. The antibacterial activity of this oil was tested against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 by using disc diffusion method and agar incorporation method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tested oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results: Our results have shown a greater antibacterial effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil against all the bacterial tested strains with inhibition zone diameters varied from 17.5 to 20.5 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.8 μl / ml and 4.4 μl / ml, B. cereus and S. aureus are the most sensitive species with a MIC value of 0.8 μl / ml, however P. aeruginosa is the most resistant species with a MIC value of 4.4 μl / ml. The result of the antioxidant effect showed that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata is a powerful antioxidant that expresses a higher antioxidant activity than the standard antioxidants: gallic acid, vitamin C and BHT. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata has a strong antibacterial and antioxidant effect and it may be an alternative natural source medicine to prevent and treat many diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress.

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Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6387

Author(s):

José Nabor Haro-González ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera ◽

Moisés Martínez-Velázquez ◽

Hugo Espinosa-Andrews

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Food Applications ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfume, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. The impacts of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the concentration of the main volatile compounds in clove essential oil and organic clove extracts are shown. Eugenol is the major compound, accounting for at least 50%. The remaining 10–40% consists of eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. The main biological activities reported are summarized. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. This review presents new biological applications beneficial for human health, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity. This review aims to describe the effects of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on its chemical composition and food applications and the biological activities of interest to human health.

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Chemical composition, biological activities, and toxicity study of Carduncellus pinnatus essential oil from west Algeria

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407217666210802113423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Semaoui ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Nassim Djabou ◽

Jean Costa ◽

Alain Muselli

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biological Potential ◽

New Findings

Background: Many species have already been examined regarding their biological activities but there are nevertheless many more which merits examination, among them Carduncellus pinnatus (Desf), that is one of the less abundant and the less frequent aromatic plants of Asteraceae species, it is one species widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. In the present investigation, chemical composition of essential oils of Carduncellus pinnatus and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activities were investigated for the first time. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oils of Carduncellus pinnatus was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) during its vegetative cycle. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH-radical scavenging and FRAP methods. The essential oil was tested on two-gram positive bacteria, three-gram negative bacteria, two filamentous fungi and one yeast. The toxicity of this essential oil was evaluated from several experiments on five mice tested in the laboratory. Results: The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC-MS showed a total of Twenty-seven compounds constituted mainly by Aplotaxene. Harvest time affected quantitatively but not qualitatively the chemical composition of essential oils. The results showed that Carduncellus pinnatus presented interesting antioxidant property. In order to assess the biological activities of Carduncellus pinnatus, all essential oil samples were combined together to produce a collective essential oil (Coll EO). The Coll EO showed activity on all tested bacterial strains based on the inhibition diameters obtained. The most interesting antimicrobial activity has been observed against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with IC50s 0.4, 1.2 and 1.2 g/L, but which remains weak compared to the Gentamicin control, respectively). Regarding antifungal activity, largest inhibition was observed against Fusarium solani (IC50= 0.8 g/L). On the other hand, the toxicity test of Coll EO showed no mortality rate to the concentration of 1g/kg injected to the mice. Conclusion: The results presented here constitutes new findings in the field of the chemical characterization and biological potential of Carduncellus pinnatus.

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Glandular trichomes, essential oil composition, anti-aspergillus and antioxidative activities of Lamium purpureum L. ethanolic extracts

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs200117019g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 253-263

Author(s):

Slavica Grujic ◽

Zeljko Savkovic ◽

Mihailo Ristic ◽

Ana Dzamic ◽

Milica Ljaljevic-Grbic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant Power

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of glandular trichomes and essential oil composition of Lamium purpureum L. (Lamiaceae) and to determine potential biological activities of its different extracts. The micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on vegetative plant parts were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two types of trichomes were identified: non-glandular (simple, uniseriate, multicellular) and glandular (both peltate and capitate). The essential oil of L. purpureum was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main compounds were trans-anethole (59.61%), fenchone (6.54%), ?-pinene (6.14%) and ?-pinene (4.98%). The total phenol and flavonoid contents of 10%, 30% and 50% ethanol extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging and reducing power activity of extracts were analyzed using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total reducing power (TRP) assays. The 50% ethanolic extract exhibited the strongest antioxidative activity while the lowest was determined for the 10% ethanolic extract. Antifungal activity of L. purpureum hydroalcoholic extracts was evaluated against eight Aspergillus species by the microdilution method. Light microscopy (LM) demonstrated structural abnormalities of the tested Aspergilli. While the plant extracts did not exhibit fungicidal activity, morphophysiological changes (sporulation loss and depigmentation of conidial heads) were observed in all tested isolates.

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