scholarly journals Residual Stress Determination in the Cementite and Ferrite Phases of High Carbon Steel

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Houtte ◽  
K. Van Acker ◽  
J. Root
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Phase

The paper describes a study of the residual stress and the texture in cold drawn wires of pearlitic high carbon steel. Total true strains in wire drawing ranged from 1.96 to 2.59. Such material consists of a ferrite and a cementite phase, both in lamellar form. First, a discussion is given as to the various types of residual stresses which can be expected in such a material (macrostresses, grain microstresses, phase microstresses and their components). Next the measurements which have been carried out are described: neutron diffraction measurements on both cementite and ferrite phases in the bulk of the wires, and X-ray diffraction measurements on the ferrite phase at the surface. Neutron diffraction led to the average texture and the average phase microstresses in the axial direction in both the ferrite and the cementite phases. X-ray diffraction led to the total phase stress at the surface of the ferrite. By combining both results, it turned out to be possible to determine the macrostress at the surface of the wires and the total phase stress in the cementite as well. Additional measurements, performed after chemical thinning of the wires, finally led to some information about the stress gradients.

A Study on the Improvement of Durability of a Drive Plate by Investigating the Optimum Peening Intensity

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 658-661
Author(s):  
Kook Jin Lee ◽  
Jae Heon Lee ◽  
Tae Kun Lee ◽  
Seong Kyun Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cycles To Failure

In this paper the life extension of automobile drive plates will be investigated. The material of specimen is a high carbon steel treated by shot peening, which is most important in the manufacturing process of drive plates. The optimum shot peening condition was investigated by changing the feeding speed and exposure time. The fatigue crack was observed at the fracturing surface of specimens by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of compressive residual stress induced by shot peening process was investigated by using X-ray diffraction. The number of cycles to failure increases at the beginning of exposure. The life cycle decreases after passing some interval of exposure, which will be called as optimum peening zone. Experimental results show that the residual stress distribution and the number of cycles to failure of a drive plate are greatly affected by peening process.

X-ray diffraction and magnetic characterization of the retained austenite in a chromium alloyed high carbon steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 4732-4736 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. M. Tavares ◽  
S. R. Mello ◽  
A. M. Gomes ◽  
J. M. Neto ◽  
M. R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Characterization ◽  
X Ray

The Effect of the Graphitizing Heat Treatment and Boron Content on Boron Distribution in High Carbon Steel

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 4157-4160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Do Woo ◽  
S.W. Kim ◽  
Dong Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Segregation ◽  
Boron Distribution

It is convenient to analyze the distribution of boron in high carbon steel with boron, simply using neutron-induced radiography with a neutron fluency of 1.9 x 1013 [cm-2]. It was revealed by the neutron-induced radiography that the distribution of boron was dependent on boron contents, graphitizing temperature and time. The density of boron track increased with increasing boron contents. But the density of the boron track and graphite in high carbon steel graphitized at 700°C is higher than that of high carbon steel graphitized at 750°C. The density of graphite in high carbon steel also depends upon the content of boron and the graphitizing temperature. The shape of the boron track was changed from sphere to rod type when annealed at 800°C, in steel containing 50ppm of boron, due to different phases of boride. The distribution of boron segregation or boronrich precipitates in high carbon steel was well documented with a neutron-induced radiography, but the direct relationship between graphite and boron was not clarified by it. Furthermore, the analysis of electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA) also showed that the high amount of boron coexisted with carbon in graphite in high carbon steel.

Combined Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for the Characterization of a Case Hardened Disc

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Epp ◽  
Thomas Hirsch ◽  
Martin Hunkel ◽  
Robert C. Wimpory
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Stress States

The present work has been executed within the framework of the collaborative research center on Distortion Engineering (SFB 570) in order to evaluate the residual stress state of a disc after carburizing and quenching as well as to validate a simulation procedure. The combined use of X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis provided information about the residual stress states in the whole cross section. However, the stress free lattice spacing d0 for the neutron diffraction experiments is problematic and induces systematic uncertainties in the results and the application of a force balance condition to recalculate d0 might be a solution for improving the reliability of the results. Comparison of experimental results with simulation showed that an overall satisfying agreement is reached but discrepancies are still present.

scholarly journals Prediction Model of Surface Residual Stress for Multi-Pass Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Kim ◽  
S.K. Lee ◽  
B.M. Kim ◽  
J.Y. Jung ◽  
D.Y. Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Surface Residual Stress

Experimental Comparison of In-Depth Residual Stresses Measured with Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction with a Numerical Stress Relaxation Correction Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Bruno Levieil ◽  
Florent Bridier ◽  
Cédric Doudard ◽  
Vincent Klosek ◽  
David Thévenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Notched Specimen ◽  
X Ray

This study is an experimental comparison of in-depth X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements with neutron diffraction measurements. The goal is to evaluate the relevance of the Savaria-Bridier-Bocher [1] stress relaxation correction method. Neutron diffraction are performed on a bent notched specimen. Destructive X-ray diffraction is performed until 5.25mm below the surface by polishing the material. This polishing induces stress relaxation and X-ray diffraction results have to be corrected. For that purpose, a finite element analysis is realised and show good correlation with neutron measurements results. The application of the stress correction method improves the X-ray measurements especially after 2 mm below the surface. The differences between measured and corrected residual stresses from both diffraction techniques are analyzed and discussed.

Through Thickness Residual Stress Measurements by Neutron Diffraction and Hole Drilling in a Single Laser-Peened Spot on a Thin Aluminium Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burak Toparli ◽  
Michael E. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling

Residual stress measurements are very challenging in thin aluminium plates. Rolling-induced crystallographic texture can lead to an S-shape fit when using the sin2ψ method for surface X-ray diffraction. Peak broadening and missing peaks can also be observed for synchrotron X-ray diffraction with conventional θ/2θ scanning due to texture. In addition, when measuring near the plate surfaces, partially-filled gauge volumes in diffraction experiments will lead to “pseudo-strains”, an apparent shift between measured and actual positions for the diffraction peak. Obtaining a meaningful value of d0 for strain calculations is another issue for diffraction experiments in thin plates. The low thickness also offers challenges for destructive methods including incremental hole drilling, i.e. there is no defined ASTM standard for measuring non-uniform residual stress profile for thin plates. In this work, 2-mm-thick Al2024-T351 plate was investigated for residual stress fields due to laser peening. Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out at POLDI (Pulse Overlap time-of-flight Diffractometer) in PSI, Switzerland and the results are compared with incremental hole drilling.

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