Effects of Huangshu enema on serum levels of TNF-α in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract Objectives There is no reliable and valid biomarker to identify Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its subtypes. The aim of this study is to explore potential serum biomarkers that may be associated with IBS subtypes, particularly in the vitamin D pathway. Methods The study population comprised 75 IBS patients and 79 controls. Patients divided into IBS subtypes. Routine biochemical parameters, 25-OH-vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) serum levels were compared between IBS subtypes and controls. Factors related to IBS subtypes were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Vitamin D levels were lower; VDBP and VDR were higher in all IBS patients than in controls (p<0.001; 0.047 and 0.029, respectively). According to logistic regression analysis, VDBP was a disease-related parameter as much as vitamin D in all IBS subtypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were higher especially in diarrhea-dominant IBS (IBS-D) (p=0.041; 0.046) and vitamin B12 were significantly lower in constipation-dominant IBS (IBS-C) (p=0.001). Conclusions Increased VDBP levels were associated with all IBS subtypes. Patients, especially in IBS-D, had higher serum levels of VDBP, CRP and ESR. Vitamin B12 deficiency, which we consider as a result of the disease, was more common in IBS-C.

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Ginger relieves intestinal hypersensitivity of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome by inhibiting proinflammatory reaction

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03059-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Changrong Zhang ◽

Yongquan Huang ◽

Peiwu Li ◽

Xinlin Chen ◽

Fengbin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Chemical Stimulation ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Defecation Frequency ◽

Fecal Water ◽

Intestinal Hypersensitivity ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Proinflammatory Factors

Abstract Background Ginger or ginger extracts have been used in traditional medicine relieve pain caused by diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but few data exists about its effectiveness. This present study was to validate the effect of ginger on visceral pain, and to further explore the possible underlying mechanism by which ginger is used to relieve IBS-D intestinal hypersensitivity. Methods First, the IBS-D rat model was established by chemical stimulation and acute and chronic pressure stimulation. Then, different dose of ginger were administrated to IBS-D rats and evaluate the defecation frequency, fecal water content (FWC) and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores in IBS-D rats. Further, the IBS-D rats were sacrificed to collecte the colonic tissues to evaluate the effect of ginger administration on its pathology and changes of pro-inflammatory factors, and changes of NF-κB pathway. Second, the ginger was taken to HPLC analysis and 6-gingerol was choosen to further experiment. Then, IBS-D rats were treated with different dose of 6-gingerol, and the behavioral evaluation were to evaluate the effect of 6-gingerol on IBS-D rats. Further, colonic epithelial cells (CECs) were collectted and to evaluate the effect of 6-gingerol on the expression of inflammatory factors and changes of NF-κB pathway. Results The IBS-D rat model was successfully established by chemical stimulation and acute and chronic pressure stimulation. And ginger treatment significantly reduced the defecation frequency, fecal water content and AWR scores in IBS-D rats. Histopathological analysis showed that ginger treatment can significantly reduce colonic edema and promote the recovery of inflammation in IBS-D rats, and the effect is equivalent to rifaximin. Elisa and RT-qPCR showed that ginger inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) in IBS-D rats. Western blot showed IkBα was up-regulated while p-p65 was inhibited under ginger treatment. HPLC analysis showed that 6-gingerol was the main component of ginger, which could improve clinical symptoms in IBS-D rats. Western blot and RT-qPCR showed that 6-gingerol inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) in CECs, and inhibition of IκBα degradation and phosphorylation of p65 involved in NF-κB pathway. Conclusion Ginger and ginger extract could relieve intestinal hypersensitivity of IBS-D by inhibiting proinflammatory response.

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Total polysaccharides of adlay bran (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) improve TNF-α induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells via inhibition of the inflammatory response

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo00590k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 2906-2913 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yanlong Li ◽

Xudong Tian ◽

Shengcai Li ◽

Lijun Chang ◽

Ping Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Epithelial Barrier ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several intestinal diseases, including celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

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IFN-γ and TNF-α decrease serotonin transporter function and expression in Caco2 cells

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00470.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (3) ◽

pp. G779-G784 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Kevin F. Foley ◽

Cristen Pantano ◽

Allison Ciolino ◽

Gary M. Mawe

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

5 Ht Uptake ◽

Irritable Bowel

Recent studies have shown that mucosal serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) expression is decreased in animal models of colitis, as well as in the colonic mucosa of humans with ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Altered SERT function or expression may underlie the altered motility, secretion, and sensation seen in these inflammatory gut disorders. In an effort to elucidate possible mediators of SERT downregulation, we treated cultured colonic epithelial cells (Caco2) with conditioned medium from activated human lymphocytes. Application of the conditioned medium caused a decrease in fluoxetine-sensitive [3H]5-HT uptake. Individual proinflammatory agents were then tested for their ability to affect uptake. Cells were treated for 48 or 72 h with PGE2 (10 μM), IFN-γ (500 ng/ml), TNF-α (50 ng/ml), IL-12 (50 ng/ml), or the nitric oxide-releasing agent S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; 100 μM). [3H]5-HT uptake was then measured. Neither PGE nor IL-12 had any effect on [3H]5-HT uptake, and GSNO increased uptake. However, after 3-day incubation, both TNF-α and IFN-γ elicited significant decreases in SERT function. Neither TNF-α nor IFN-γ were cytotoxic when used for this period of time and at these concentrations. These two cytokines also induced decreases in SERT mRNA and protein levels. By altering SERT expression, TNF-α and IFN-γ could contribute to the altered motility and expression seen in vivo in ulcerative colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.

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Fatigue in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with plasma levels of TNF-α and mesocorticolimbic connectivity

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.035 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna-Karin Norlin ◽

Susanna Walter ◽

Adriane Icenhour ◽

Åsa V. Keita ◽

Sigrid Elsenbruch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Systemic Inflammatory Protein Profiles Distinguish Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Ulcerative Colitis, Irrespective of Inflammation or IBS-Like Symptoms

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izz322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 874-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiza Moraes ◽

Maria K Magnusson ◽

Georgios Mavroudis ◽

Annikka Polster ◽

Börje Jonefjäll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Protein Profiles ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Inflammatory mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may overlap or are part of different spectrums. However, potential links between inflammation and IBS-like symptoms in these patient groups are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if the systemic inflammatory protein (SIP) profiles differ between UC patients, with presence of inflammation or in remission with or without IBS-like symptoms, and IBS patients. Methods Serum from patients with active UC (UCA), UC patients in remission with or without IBS-like symptoms (UCR + IBS, UCR-IBS), IBS patients (IBS), and healthy subjects (HS) was analyzed using the ProSeek Multiplex Inflammation kit, which detects 92 proteins. Results The exploratory cohort consisted of 166 subjects (UCA, n = 40; UCR-IBS, n = 45; UCR + IBS, n = 20; IBS, n = 40; HS, n = 21). Systemic inflammatory protein profiles separated UC from non-UC (HS and IBS) patients in multivariate analysis, revealing caspase 8, axin 1, sulfotransferase 1A1, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 as the variables most important to clustering. Although minor differences were detected between UCR + IBS and UCR-IBS, SIP profiles discriminated UCA from UCR, and interleukin (IL) 17C, IL17A, chemokine ligand 9, and transforming growth factor–α characterized active inflammation. SIP profiles weakly discriminated HS from IBS, although fibroblast growth factor 21 and IL6 serum levels were higher in IBS. Results were confirmed in a validation cohort (UCA, n = 15; UCR + IBS, n = 9; IBS, n = 14). Conclusions SIP profiles distinguish UC patients from IBS patients, irrespective of inflammation or IBS-like symptoms, suggesting that inflammatory mechanisms of the diseases are part of different spectrums.

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