scholarly journals Sleepwalking in Italian Operas: A Window on Popular and Scientific Knowledge on Sleep Disorders in the 19th Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Augusto Riva ◽  
Vittorio Alessandro Sironi ◽  
Lucio Tremolizzo ◽  
Carolina Lombardi ◽  
Giovanni De Vito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The 19Th Century

Where is disciplinarity going? Meeting on the borderland

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 582-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marcovich ◽  
Terry Shinn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
University System ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article analyzes the cognitive structures and dynamics of a form of scientific discipline that differs importantly both from the disciplinary format of the 19th-century university system, and from the profile proposed by much postmodern interdisciplinary (anti-disciplinary) discussion. This recent form of discipline, here termed the ‘new disciplinarity’, is a product of the increasing complexity of scientific knowledge and activity. The approach privileges cognition. It emphasizes the concepts of disciplinary referent, robust boundaries, ‘borderland’, combinatorials and projects. It suggests that the new disciplinarity is highly elastic and that it is a spawning-ground for new disciplines.

The Origins of Engineering Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Dimarogonas
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract Engineering is distinguished from craft or invention by systematic development and use of intelligence and scientific knowledge. Elements of engineering design can be found in the great Potamic civilizations but systematic engineering design activity started in the ancient Greek and Hellenistic world and matured under the Romans. The renaissance and the industrial revolution revived Engineering and modern engineering design was eventually defined during the 19th Century.

Scientific Studies of Dreams and Dreaming in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Morgese
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the second half of the 19th century, the study of the phenomenon of the dream was undertaken with “scientific” method, by physicians, physiologists, and psychiatrists before the birth of the “myth” advanced by Freud who claimed for psychoanalysis the birthright of the psychological study of dreams. The article highlights the long and varied process of obtaining scientific knowledge of dreams and the dreaming process, and sheds light on researchers and traditions that have not received as much attention as they should have.

scholarly journals Secondary-school chemistry textbooks in the 19th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Milanovic ◽  
Dragica Trivic ◽  
Biljana Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chemistry Textbooks ◽  
The 19Th Century

The teaching of chemistry in Serbia as a separate subject dates from 1874. The first secondary-school chemistry textbooks appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The aim of this paper is to gain insight, by analysing two secondary-school chemistry textbooks, written by Sima Lozanic (1895) and Mita Petrovic (1892), into what amount of scientific knowledge from the sphere of chemistry was presented to secondary school students in Serbia in the second half of the 19th century, and what principles textbooks written at the time were based on. Within the framework of the research conducted, we defined the criteria for assessing the quality of secondary-school chemistry textbooks in the context of the time they were written in. The most important difference between the two textbooks under analysis that we found pertained to the way in which their contents were organized. Sima Lozanic?s textbook is characterized by a greater degree of systematicness when it comes to the manner of presenting its contents and consistency of approach throughout the book. In both textbooks one can perceive the authors? attempts to link chemistry-related subjects to everyday life, and to point out the practical significance of various substances, as well as their toxicness.

scholarly journals Anna Semper (1826–1909) and the female scientist in modern Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Parker Weston
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Female Scientist ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Science

This article uses the work of Anna Semper (1826–1909) to explore the possibilities for understanding women’s contributions to the development of science in Germany from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. By examining the publications of her husband, the naturalist Carl Semper (1832–1893), as well as those of other scholars, traces of the ways that she produced scientific knowledge begin to emerge. Because the Sempers’ work took place in the context of the Philippines and Palau, two different Spanish colonies, and formed the basis of Carl’s professional career, this article also analyzes Anna’s role in the creation of an explicitly colonial science.

Awaking insomnia: sleeplessness in the 19th century through medical literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Gaspard Aebischer ◽  
Philip Alexander Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The 19Th Century

Sleep disorders have received growing public and scientific attention in the last decades. Scientific research and publications on sleeplessness are ongoing and considerable progress has been made on the medical understanding of sleep. And yet, insomnia affects an ever-growing number of people around the globe and remains both a difficult and common complaint general practitioners have to deal with on a daily basis. Sleeplessness is not new, although its transformation from a state of accepted wake to that of exasperating insomnia is a relatively recent transition in which, this article argues, Western medicine took an active part. In the 19th century, the theorisation of different nervous disorders and later of neurasthenia shaped the transformation of insomnia from a constituent of everyday life into a pathology. Based on research in French medical journals published in the second half of the 19th century, this article retraces a succession of medical paradigms for sleeplessness, including ‘symptomatic insomnia’, ‘nervous insomnia’ and interestingly, ‘insomnia’ as a key element in neurasthenia theories. The analysis of medical discourse in all successive theories reveals the decisive influence of physicians in the medicalisation of insomnia, their sociocultural representations echoing patient’s complaints as well as professional imperatives.

scholarly journals LÉXICO, IDEOLOGIA E A HISTORIOGRAFIA LINGÜÍSTICA DO SÉCULO DAS IDENTIDADES

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Coelho
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Historiography

Este texto exemplifica como os períodos e contextos da história do conhecimento científico podem ser examinados pela perspectiva da Historiografia da Lingüística. Seu objetivo é demonstrar que o historiógrafo, ao lidar com qualquer tema dessa área, deve fornecer uma verdadeira teia explicativa dos fatos. O tema abordado é o da reivindicação de autonomia para o português do Brasil em dicionários produzidos durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Propomos que aspectos referentes aos métodos empregados nessas descrições do léxico brasileiro teriam dificultado a aceitação da reivindicação no período, embora o contexto fosse altamente favorável para sustentá-la. Abstract This paper exemplifies how periods and contexts into the history of scientific knowledge can be examined through the perspective of Linguistic Historiography. Its aim is demonstrate that an explanatory web of facts must be provided by the historiographer when he works with any issue in that area. The issue in focus is the claim of autonomy to Brazilian Portuguese in certain dictionaries that was produced in the second half of the 19th century. According to our hypothesis, some aspects related to the methods applied in those Brazilian lexis descriptions would make the acceptance of that claim difficult in the period, although the context was auspicious to support it.

scholarly journals Development of pedagogical culture of parents

2013 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Snezana Babic-Kekez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pedagogical Literature ◽  
Pedagogical Culture

The issue of pedagogical culture of parents from the aspect of the history of pedagogy is being discussed in this paper. Systematic development of pedagogical culture of parents occurred at the end of the 19th century as a consequence of the economic development in certain countries. Considering the fact that this activity is socially determined as well as any other educational activity, we can say that the need for education of parents and, generally, the development of pedagogical culture of parents used in family upbringing have been parallel with the development of the family as a social group. In Serbian pedagogical literature, previously acquired scientific knowledge about the development of pedagogical culture of parents has not been systematically presented until now. This paper contributes to systematization aiming at further improvement and development of pedagogical culture of parents.

From Reflexivity to Immediacy: Knowledge in Classical and Contemporary German Philosophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Michael Städtler
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Objective Knowledge ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The 19Th Century

Classical German Philosophy belongs to the heritage of the European philosophical tradition, in which philosophical knowledge is defined as an epistemological reflection. Philosophy reflects on scientific knowledge to demonstrate its possibility. Thus objective knowledge is defined as a system whose principle is subjectivity. Since the 19th century, this concept of knowledge has been questioned as has subjectivity as such. Since then, philosophy in Germany has departed from comprehensive reflection and turned towards matters of detail or issues of application. In this paper I argue that the trend of skepticism about knowledge in modern German philosophy is associated with the radical social upheavals of modernity, but without being accompanied by a critical understanding of these upheavals. The first task is to reconstruct the classical concept of knowledge as it appeared in German philosophy, including its crucial relation to scientific knowledge and to history. The second task is to engage with the observation that this tradition of thought is in danger of being lost today. I will point out the role which the linguistic turn in philosophy has played and the means of deconstructing it.

scholarly journals La Ciencia Recreativa and the popularisation of science in Mexico in the 19th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. A07
Author(s):  
Maria Rachel Fróes da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
General Public ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the last decades of the 19th century education played a major role in Mexican society, when efforts were being made to restructure it based on the objective teaching of sciences, which was regarded as the driving force behind the change needed in various sectors such as industry and public health. In this context, the so-called science disseminators aimed to communicate their knowledge to the general public, mainly to the working classes and the children. Journalism grew and reached a wide range of themes and audiences. They believed in the idea of a science for all and that sciences were an instrument to know the new nations and educate the population. It is worth mentioning La ciencia recreativa, a publication dedicated to children and working classes. Between 1871 and 1879 it was edited by the topographical engineer and surveyor José Joaquín Arriaga (1831–1896), who aimed to generalise the scientific knowledge of cosmography, mineralogy, meteorology, physics, botany, zoology, descriptive geography and industrial agriculture.

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