scholarly journals Early Childhood Caries Is Associated with Genetic Variants in Enamel Formation and Immune Response Genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Abbasoğlu ◽  
İlknur Tanboğa ◽  
Erika Calvano Küchler ◽  
Kathleen Deeley ◽  
Megan Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the primary dentition of young children. It is the result of an imbalance of risk factors and protective factors that influence the disease. The aim of this study was to assess genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to ECC. Two hundred and fifty-nine unrelated children were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral habits were obtained through a questionnaire, and caries experience data were collected by clinical examination. Twenty-three markers in 10 genes were studied. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time PCR. Regression analyses were performed comparing individuals with and without caries experience. Of 259 subjects, 123 were caries free. The genotype TT in ALOX15 (rs7217186) was a risk factor for ECC, whereas the genotypes GG in ENAM (rs1264848), AG and GG in KLK4 (rs198968), CT in LTF (rs4547741), and GG in TUFT1 (rs3790506) were protective for EEC. In conclusion, environmental factors and gene interactions can act as protective or risk factors for ECC. These factors together contribute to the presence and severity of the disease.

Fine-Mapping of Xq25.1–27.2 Shows Association of Early Childhood Caries with Genetic Variants Depending on Dietary Habits, Protecting Children Who Drink Milk before Going to Bed

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Abbasoğlu ◽  
Diego G. Bussaneli ◽  
İlknur Tanboğa ◽  
Indiara W. Henn ◽  
Adriana Modesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the primary dentition of young children. It is the result of unequal contributions of risk factors and protective factors that influence the disease. The aim of this study was to assess if the X chromosome region previously linked to caries was associated with ECC. Two hundred and fifty-nine unrelated children with no chronic illnesses from 2 to 5 years of age who had no systemic fluoride consumption were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral habits were obtained through a questionnaire, and caries experience data were collected by clinical examination. Twenty-three markers in ten genes were studied. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Regression analyses were performed comparing individuals with and without caries experience. Of 259 subjects, 123 were caries free. The markers in Xq25.1–27.2 were associated with ECC when children were using milk bottle for longer times (p = 0.01) and had more snacks over the course of a day (p = 0.05). Conversely, the markers in the X chromosome studied here were protective for ECC (p = 0.008) in children consuming milk before going to sleep. The genes located in the X chromosome possibly contribute to ECC and have an impact on ECC depending on the dietary habits.

Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽  
Jane Weintraub ◽  
Stuart Gansky ◽  
Charles Hoover ◽  
John Featherstone
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

The goals of this cross-sectional study were to characterize and compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors potentially associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and to assess salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in underserved, predominantly Hispanic children. One hundred forty-six children aged 3 to 55 months with a range of caries experience were identified and examined. ECC was primarily associated with the presence of MS and lack of access to dental care. Salivary MS levels among young children with ECC were higher than would be expected in a dentally healthy population, but lower than levels reported among older children at high risk for caries.After adjustment for age, children with log10 MS ≥ 3.0 or log10 LB ≥ 1.5 were about five times as likely (OR=4.9, 95%CI=2.0,12.0) to have ECC than those with lower bacterial levels. This study demonstrated a significant association between relatively low cariogenic bacterial levels and dental caries in infants and toddlers. Antibiotic use, exposure to lead, and anemia were not significantly associated with the number of decayed and filled surfaces or decayed and filled teeth. ECC correlated significantly with child's age and lack of dental insurance of the children, as well as inversely with both family income and the educational level of the mother of the child.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Heritability of Early Childhood Caries Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kuppan ◽  
Steven Rodrigues ◽  
Victor Samuel ◽  
Mahesh Ramakrishnan ◽  
Hassan S. Halawany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Deciphering the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, which play a major role in the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), can help clinicians with planning a long-term preventive treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and heritability of ECC among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in Chennai, India, in the year 2013. A cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ECC among twins. Zygosity classification for the survey framework was adapted from a highly accurate parental report questionnaire pertaining to the physical similarity between twins. The associated heritability index was estimated. The Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) Index was used as the diagnostic criterion for dental caries. The prevalence of ECC was estimated at 18.7%. The correlation coefficient between the twin pair showed significant correlation. The heritability index for ECC was estimated at 15% higher prevalence of ECC found among children in the age group 25–36 months. The heritability estimate indicated a relatively low genetic influence for early childhood caries among twins. There was no significant difference detected in the concordance rate for the MZ and DZ twins. Further research could be directed toward the prevalence of ECC among higher age group children to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath P Puranik ◽  
Deepa Bullappa ◽  
KR Sowmya ◽  
T Nagarathnamma
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.

scholarly journals Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Kabil ◽  
Sherif Eltaweil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. Its multifactorial etiology has established a controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the “well agreed upon” common risk factors in order of significance, to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program for this affected age group. The study reshuffled the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries and placed them in the order of their significance as follows: snacking of sugary food several times a day, increased number of siblings to 3 or more, night feeding, child self-employed brushing, mother caries experience, 2 siblings, on demand feeding, once/day sugary food, sharing utensils, 1 Sibling, male gender, father’s education, late first child dental visit, brushing time, mother’s education, no dental visit, decreased brushing frequency & no night brushing.

scholarly journals Firmicutes Levels in the Mouth Reflect the Gut Condition With Respect to Obesity and Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Ferreira Rizzardi ◽  
Claudia Maria dos Santos Pereira Indiani ◽  
Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner ◽  
Emerson Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Childhood Caries

The present cross-sectional study investigated whether Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroidetes (B) levels in the mouth reflected the gut condition in obesity and early childhood caries (ECC). Eighty preschoolers (3-5 years) were equally assigned into four groups: 1. obese + ECC, 2. obese + caries-free (CF), 3. eutrophic + ECC, and 4. eutrophic + CF. Nutritional status and ECC were assessed based on the WHO criteria. Dental biofilm and fecal samples were collected for F and B quantification using RT-PCR analysis. Data were evaluated using three-way-ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation (α = 0.05). Regardless of the anatomical location effect (p = 0.22), there were higher values for F in the obese children + ECC compared with those in obese + caries-free (CF) in both mouth and gut (p < 0.05). The correlation for F at these sites was negative in obese children + ECC (r = −0.48; p = 0.03) and positive in obese children + CF (r=0.50; p = 0.03). Bacteroidetes were influenced by ECC (p = 0.03) and the anatomical location (p = 0.00), and the levels tended to be higher in the mouth of the obese children + ECC (p = 0.04). The F/B ratio was higher in the gut and was affected by the anatomical location (p = 0.00). This preliminary study suggested that modulated by ECC, counts of oral Firmicutes reflected corresponding condition in the gut of obese preschoolers. In addition, we first evidenced that the Firmicutes phylum behave differently according to the nutritional status and caries experience and that supragingival biofilm and gut could share levels of similarity.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study of Preschool Children in Kanpur District, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhebachalli Prakasha Shrutha ◽  
Grandim Balarama Gupta Vinit ◽  
Kolli Yada Giri ◽  
Sarwar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem due to its impact on children’s health, development, and wellbeing. The objective of this study was to assess the caries experience in 3–5-year-old children and to evaluate the relationship with their mothers’ practices regarding feeding and oral hygiene habits in Kanpur. Method. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken on 2000 (974 boys and 1026 girls) children aged 3–5 years from a random sample of preschools in Kanpur district, India. Dental caries experience was recorded using WHO criteria. A pretested questionnaire with 9 questions was used for collecting information regarding mothers’ practices regarding feeding and oral hygiene practices. Chi-square test (χ2) and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence of ECC was 48% with mean dmft of 2.03 ± 2.99. Boys (57%) were affected more than girls (43%) which was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Caries prevalence was high and statistically significant (P<0.05) among those who were breast fed for longer duration, during nighttime, those falling asleep with bottle, and those fed with additional sugar in milk. Conclusion. Determining the role of feeding practices on early childhood caries can help in the development of appropriate oral health promotion strategies.

scholarly journals Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Kabil ◽  
Sherif Eltaweil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. .Its multifactorial etiology lead to the controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the &ldquo;well agreed upon&rdquo; common risk factors in order of significance to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program for this affected age group. The study concluded that the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries in order of their significance were Night feeding, On demand feeding, Mother&rsquo;s Employment, Mother&rsquo;s caries Experience, Starting age of brushing, Mother&rsquo;s education, Sharing utensils, Child&rsquo;s first dental visit, Number of siblings, Brushing frequency, Sweetened food and beverage consumption, Sweetened beverages, and at last the snacking frequency.

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