History and Global Burden of Viral Hepatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert E. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis E virus. Their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. Furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their DNA or RNA genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinical applications, such as the specific diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the associated liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic viral hepatitis A-E shows distinct geographic differences. The global burden of disease (prevalence, incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years) has been analyzed in seminal studies that show that the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis A-E has significantly decreased between 1990 and 2013. During the same time, the incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and HCC, respectively, also decreased or increased slightly, the incidence of the HCV-related liver cirrhosis remained stable and the incidence of HCV-related HCC showed a major increase. During the coming years, we expect to improve our ability to prevent and effectively treat viral hepatitis A-E, resulting in the control of these global infections and the elimination of their associated morbidities and mortalities.

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

scholarly journals Interventions to optimise the care continuum for chronic viral hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kali Zhou ◽  
Thomas Fitzpatrick ◽  
Nick Walsh ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Roger Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral Hepatitis A: Virus, Disease, and Control

1984 ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
F. DEINHARDT ◽  
J. ABB ◽  
V. GAUSS-MüLLER ◽  
K. VON DER HELM ◽  
M. ROGGENDORF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals THE VIEW OF THE CLINICIAN ON FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE AND ISSUES OF VACCINAL PREVENTION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS A

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
O. A Burgasova ◽  
V. M Volkova ◽  
V. B Tetova ◽  
N. M Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Modern View ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
Age Category

The article is devoted to peculiarities of the clinical course of hepatitis A. There is presented the modern view of the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The attention is focused on possibilities of the development of severe, fulminant course especially in patients of the old age category. The authors give the analysis of the main causes of severe fulminant forms of the disease. There are pointed out clinical and laboratory criteria for the assessment of the severity of the course of HAV infection. This article includes information on current aspects of vaccination against HAV, with the indication of the population, especially needed of vaccination

scholarly journals Enteric viral hepatitis in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Southern Vietnam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
D. E. Valutite ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
E. N. Serikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
General Group ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim: To study the hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis Е (HEV) prevalence in the Southern region of Vietnam based on the frequency analysis of the antibodies to hepatitis A and E viruses detection in the local population and groups at increased risk of infection.Materials and methods. Serological markers of enteral viral hepatitis were determined in blood serum samples from adults aged 18 to 65 years of three groups: conditionally healthy individuals (n = 397), HIV-infected (n = 316), and patients with chronic viral hepatitis (n = 268). The ELISA method was used for the qualitative detection of anti-HAV IgG, anti-HAV IgM, anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM.Results. When analyzing the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in samples obtained from conditionally healthy, HIV-infected, and patients with chronic viral hepatitis, no differences were found between the groups. The incidence of anti-HAV IgG in the general group (n = 981) was 80.1%, in the absence of anti-HAV IgM. There were no gender-age differences in the frequency of anti-HAV IgG in the examined groups. Antibodies anti-HEV IgG in the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected were present in the samples in 36,2%, 33,2%, and 39,8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgM in these groups was 3,27%, 4,1%, and 3,79%, respectively. In the general group (n = 981), anti-HEV IgG was detected in 36,6% of cases, anti-HEV IgM in 3,66%, which corresponds to the prevalence of antibodies to HEV in endemic regions.Conclusion. A high incidence of enteral viral hepatitis markers was shown in residents of South Vietnam, including the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected. There is an obvious need for further studies of the spread extent of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam using currently available highly sensitive diagnostic methods, including sequencing of the virus›s nucleotide sequences.

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