scholarly journals Enteric viral hepatitis in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Southern Vietnam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
D. E. Valutite ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
E. N. Serikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
General Group ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim: To study the hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis Е (HEV) prevalence in the Southern region of Vietnam based on the frequency analysis of the antibodies to hepatitis A and E viruses detection in the local population and groups at increased risk of infection.Materials and methods. Serological markers of enteral viral hepatitis were determined in blood serum samples from adults aged 18 to 65 years of three groups: conditionally healthy individuals (n = 397), HIV-infected (n = 316), and patients with chronic viral hepatitis (n = 268). The ELISA method was used for the qualitative detection of anti-HAV IgG, anti-HAV IgM, anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM.Results. When analyzing the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in samples obtained from conditionally healthy, HIV-infected, and patients with chronic viral hepatitis, no differences were found between the groups. The incidence of anti-HAV IgG in the general group (n = 981) was 80.1%, in the absence of anti-HAV IgM. There were no gender-age differences in the frequency of anti-HAV IgG in the examined groups. Antibodies anti-HEV IgG in the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected were present in the samples in 36,2%, 33,2%, and 39,8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgM in these groups was 3,27%, 4,1%, and 3,79%, respectively. In the general group (n = 981), anti-HEV IgG was detected in 36,6% of cases, anti-HEV IgM in 3,66%, which corresponds to the prevalence of antibodies to HEV in endemic regions.Conclusion. A high incidence of enteral viral hepatitis markers was shown in residents of South Vietnam, including the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected. There is an obvious need for further studies of the spread extent of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam using currently available highly sensitive diagnostic methods, including sequencing of the virus›s nucleotide sequences.

History and Global Burden of Viral Hepatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert E. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis E virus. Their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. Furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their DNA or RNA genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinical applications, such as the specific diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the associated liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic viral hepatitis A-E shows distinct geographic differences. The global burden of disease (prevalence, incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years) has been analyzed in seminal studies that show that the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis A-E has significantly decreased between 1990 and 2013. During the same time, the incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and HCC, respectively, also decreased or increased slightly, the incidence of the HCV-related liver cirrhosis remained stable and the incidence of HCV-related HCC showed a major increase. During the coming years, we expect to improve our ability to prevent and effectively treat viral hepatitis A-E, resulting in the control of these global infections and the elimination of their associated morbidities and mortalities.

Hepatitis A to E

2020 ◽  
pp. 3108-3119
Author(s):  
Graeme J.M. Alexander ◽  
Kate Nash
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Immunoglobulin Preparations ◽  
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The clinical picture with each of the five major hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E depends firstly upon whether infection is acute, with resolution, or evolves into chronic infection; secondly, on the grade of hepatic inflammation; and thirdly, the stage of fibrosis. Acute icteric hepatitis is the most easily recognized consequence of infection and is generally a self-limited condition. In otherwise healthy individuals, only hepatitis B and C cause chronic viral hepatitis. In immunosuppressed individuals, hepatitis A can follow a protracted course, while hepatitis E can evolve to chronic infection. A specific diagnosis is made by the combination of serology and polymerase chain reaction. Uncomplicated cases recover spontaneously; there is no proven therapy to enhance recovery. Acute liver failure caused by viral hepatitis now has a good outcome, with liver transplantation available for those with poor parameters at onset. Protection against hepatitis A and B is available, both by active vaccination and (less often now) by passive administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin preparations. Vaccines for hepatitis C are some distance away, but for hepatitis E are under investigation. Vaccination against hepatitis B also protects against hepatitis D.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 2310-2313
Author(s):  
Suvarna Vaibhav Sande
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses

BACKGROUND Hepatitis A & E viruses are enterically transmitted viruses responsible for acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has worldwide distribution while hepatitis E virus (HEV) is restricted to tropical countries. HAV affects infants and young children while HEV affects older children and young adults. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV and their co-infection in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis (AVH). METHODS 200 sera of patients suffering from suspected acute viral hepatitis (AVH) attending tertiary care rural hospital JNMC Sawangi, Wardha were included in the study. Serum samples were tested for IgM anti HAV and IgM anti - HEV for the detection of acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis E using commercially available ELISA kit & Immunochromatography test (ICT) for comparison of ELISA and ICT. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of HAV and HEV infection was found to be 19 %. The seroprevalence of HAV infection was found to be 13 %, HEV infection 5 % and HAV - HEV co - infection 1 %. HAV infection in males and females was found to be 16.07 % and 9.09 % respectively & HEV infection was found to be 5.35 % and 4.54 % respectively. In case of detection of HAV IgM, two serum samples were negative by ICT but positive by ELISA & for HEV IgM, one serum sample was negative by ICT but positive by ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HAV IgM was found to be 96 %, 98.8 %, 92.30 % & 99.43 % and for HEV IgM was found to be 90 %, 99.47 %, 90 % & 99.47 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is evident from this study that infection with enteric hepatitis viruses is not infrequent. Findings from this study emphasize the need to establish regular seroepidemiological surveys to keep track of epidemiology of these viruses. Results from rapid tests are comparable to ELISA with additional advantage of ease of interpretation and neither time consuming nor requiring special instruments. KEY WORDS Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, Seroprevalence

scholarly journals Identification of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 7 in Israel: A Public Health Concern?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Rachel Shirazi ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Yael Gozlan ◽  
Marina Wax ◽  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background: Hepatitis E (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Swine carrying hepatitis E genotype 3 (HEV-3) are responsible for the majority of chronic viral hepatitis cases in developed countries. Recently, genotype 7 (HEV-7), isolated from a dromedary camel in the United Arab Emirates, was also associated with chronic viral hepatitis in a transplant recipient. In Israel, chronic HEV infection has not yet been reported, although HEV seroprevalence in humans is ~10%. Camels and swine are >65% seropositive. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of HEV from local camels and swine. Methods: Sera from camels (n = 142), feces from swine (n = 18) and blood from patients suspected of hepatitis E (n = 101) were collected during 2017–2020 and used to detect and characterize HEV sequences. Results: HEV-3 isolated from local swine and the camel-derived HEV-7 sequence were highly similar to HEV-3f and HEV-7 sequences (88.2% and 86.4%, respectively) related to viral hepatitis. The deduced amino acid sequences of both isolates were also highly conserved (>98%). Two patients were HEV-RNA positive; acute HEV-1 infection could be confirmed in one of them. Discussion: The absence of any reported HEV-3 and HEV-7 infection in humans remains puzzling, especially considering the reported seroprevalence rates, the similarity between HEV sequences related to chronic hepatitis and the HEV genotypes identified in swine and camels in Israel.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF HEPATITIS A IN PATIENTS ATTENDING JNIMS HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Dr. Dayananda Ingudam
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Common Cause

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis. It causes severe, often fatal disease in adults especially in those with underlying liver dysfunction but is mostly asymptomatic in children. The present study was conducted with the aimed to nd the prevalence and seasonal variation of HAVinfection in patients attending JNIMS hospital. METHODOLOGY:Across sectional hospital based study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, JNIMS, Imphal, Manipur. Rapid immunochromatographic assay was performed for the detection of IgM antibody to HAVin human serum. RESULTS: Out of the 84 serum samples 20(23.80%) was found to be positive for hepatitis IgM, of which 11 (55%) were found in males and 9(45%) were found in females. A seasonal increase in incidence of HAV infection was found during the rainy season of January – March (50%) and April – June (35%). CONCLUSION: The global seroepidemiology of hepatitis A is changing in many developing nations giving rise to unique non immune adolescent and adult populations emerging in endemic regions thereby conferring a risk of developing severe hepatitis A. Hence, nding the prevalence, seasonal variation and timely detection of HAVinfection will help in minimising the development of further complication

scholarly journals A Case of Acute Hepatitis E Complicated by Acute Pancreatitis in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudrajit P ◽  
Shubhabrata D ◽  
Sourav P ◽  
Partha SC ◽  
Jayati M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E

Viral hepatitis may be occasionally associated with acute pancreatitis. Usually the patient presents with abdominal pain in the second or third week of illness. Hepatitis A or E viruses are mostly implicated. HEV related acute pancreatitis was first reported only 12 years ago. We report a case of a young male presenting with acute Hepatitis E infection complicated by pancreatitis. He had an uneventful recovery. This is probably the first report of this association from Eastern India.

scholarly journals Interventions to optimise the care continuum for chronic viral hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kali Zhou ◽  
Thomas Fitzpatrick ◽  
Nick Walsh ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Roger Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document