scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Yoga Therapy on Arterial Stiffness: A Pilot Study on Young and Older Adults with Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusuluri Venkata Giri Kumar ◽  
Sudheer Deshpande ◽  
Aniruddha Joshi ◽  
Pooja More ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Paired Samples

Background/Aims: The studies on the effect of integrated yoga therapy have shown significant results in improving the overall health. However, the effect of integrated yoga therapy on arterial stiffness is not yet established. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of integrated yoga therapy on arterial stiffness measured at the radial artery. Methods: A total of 18 participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age and body mass index. There were 5 participants in group 1 who were considered as nonobese, 7 younger adults with obesity were included in group 2, and 6 older adults with obesity were included in group 3. A 1-week integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) was given as an intervention to the participants. The pulse data was acquired from participants using Nadi Tarangini at the beginning and end of the yoga program. The stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) were computed from the pulse data. The data were analyzed using the paired-samples t test. Results: There was a significant reduction in SI (p < 0.05) after IAYT in young participants with obesity. There was a significant reduction in BMI after IAYT in older adults, but the SI was only significantly low in young adults. There were no significant changes in RI after IAYT. Conclusion: The pilot study has shown that arterial stiffness measured at the radial artery using Nadi Tarangini has decreased significantly after 1 week of IAYT in young adults with obesity compared to older adults.

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness Parameters Correlate with Estimated Cardiovascular Risk in Humans: A Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Tąpolska ◽  
Maciej Spałek ◽  
Urszula Szybowicz ◽  
Remigiusz Domin ◽  
Karolina Owsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflection Index

Arterial stiffness is said to be a novel predictor of cardiovascular events. This study investigated the correlation between arterial stiffness parameters and the estimated cardiovascular disease risk (RISK) in a Polish cohort of patients divided by age, sex, and body-mass index (BMI). The cross-sectional study enrolled 295 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three age groups, four weight groups, and by gender. The stiffness of the vessels was assessed by the measurement of the stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI). An individual 10-year RISK was calculated for each patient using the Heart Risk Calculator algorithm by the American Heart Association. A correlation between the SI and estimated RISK was observed (rS 0.42, p < 0.05). The strongest relationship was presented for women, the age group 40–54, and individuals with normal weight. The correlation between RI and calculated RISK was observed (rS 0.19, p < 0.05), the highest correlation was noticed for people aged 40–54 and obese. In conclusion, both SI and RI are correlated with estimated cardiovascular risk, however SI seems to be more useful than RI to predict the individual risk of future cardiovascular events. Both of these can be measured using non-invasive techniques, which demonstrates their potential utility in clinical practice.

Abstract 13: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade does not Result in Arterial Destiffening in Healthy Older Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetra D Christou ◽  
Jeung-Ki Yoo ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
Meredith Luttrell ◽  
Han-Kyul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Carotid Artery Compliance

Arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, is increased in aging, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We hypothesized that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation is partly responsible for increased arterial stiffness and that MR blockade would lead to arterial destiffening in healthy older adults. To test this hypothesis, we administered in a randomized, double blind, crossover study, 100 mg of Eplerenone (MR blocker) or placebo once per day for one month with one month washout, in 23 healthy older adults (age, 64±1 years; mean±SE) and assessed arterial stiffness (aortic, arm and leg pulse wave velocity (PWV; doppler flowmeter) and carotid artery compliance, distensibility, beta-stiffness index, augmentation index (high resolution ultrasonography and applanation tonometry). Despite reductions in blood pressure in response to Eplerenone (systolic blood pressure: 127±3 vs. 120±2 mmHg, P=0.01; diastolic blood pressure: 74±1 vs.72±1 mmHg, P=0.02; placebo vs. Eplerenone), arterial stiffness did not change (aortic PWV, 9.2±1.2 vs. 8.9±1.2m/sec, P=0.5; arm PWV, 11.4±0.6 vs. 11.7±0.7 m/sec, P=0.7; leg PWV, 13.4±0.4 vs.12.8±0.5 m/sec, P=0.3; carotid artery compliance, 0.17±0.02 vs. 0.16±0.02 mm 2 /mmHg, P=0.6; distensibility, 12.7±1.6 vs.13.6±1.5 10 -3 kPa -1 , P=0.6; beta stiffness index, 3.2±0.3 vs. 3.4±0.3, P=0.5; augmentation index, 24.3±2.9 vs. 22.0±2.9 %, P=0.3, placebo vs. Eplerenone). In conclusion, MR blockade does not result in arterial destiffening in healthy older adults despite reductions in blood pressure.

Arterial stiffness and haemodynamic response to vasoactive medication in subjects with insulin-resistance syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divina G. Brillante ◽  
Anthony J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Martina T. Johnstone ◽  
Laurence G. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Vasoactive Medication ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes

INSR (insulin-resistance syndrome) affects 25% of the Australian population and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we postulated that early cardiovascular changes in these individuals may be associated with an activated RAS (renin–angiotensin system). We studied 26 subjects: 13 with INSR [waist circumference, 99±6 cm; HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment) score, 2.5±0.3] and 13 NCs (normals controls; waist circumference, 77±2 cm; HOMA score, 1.4±0.2). All received intravenous GTN (glyceryl trinitrate; 10, 20 and 40 μg/min), L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; 3 mg/kg of body weight), AngII (angiotensin II; 8 and 16 ng/min), the selective AT2R (AngII type 2 receptor) inhibitor PD123319 (10 and 20 μg/min) and AngII (16 ng/min)+PD123319 (20 μg/min). At the end of each infusion, arterial stiffness indices [SI (stiffness index) and RI (reflection index)] and haemodynamic parameters were measured. There was a significantly higher RI response to AngII (P=0.0004 for both 8 and 16 ng/min doses) and to PD123319 (P=0.004 and P=0.03 for 10 and 20 μg/min doses respectively) in subjects with INSR compared with NCs. Co-infusion of AngII and PD123319 did not lead to additive changes in RI. RI responses to L-NMMA and GTN were not significantly different in both groups. No significant differences in SI and haemodynamic responses were detected. In conclusion, AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) and AT2R activity produce arterial stiffness changes in subjects with INSR. Evidence of increased AT1R- and AT2R-mediated responses in small-to-medium-sized arteries in INSR was found, and may play an early role in the pathogenesis of vascular changes in INSR before haemodynamic changes become apparent.

Ultrasound evaluation of the radial artery in young adults – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 151763
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Domagała ◽  
Joanna Grzelak ◽  
Natalie Pospiech ◽  
Nicole Hunter ◽  
Jakub Klekowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDICES AMONG YOUNG PREHYPERTENSIVES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Deepika V ◽  
Vijaya Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness indices and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in young prehypertensives.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried as a part of the medical health check-up program conducted on 150 students joining 1st year MBBS. Based on their blood pressure (BP) recordings they were classified as normotensives and prehypertensives. Arterial stiffness indices were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, and NLR was evaluated using automated hematological analyzer. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed using SPSS version 16 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 150 subjects, 106 were recruited for the present study. Based on BP, they were grouped as normotensives (n=66) and prehypertensives (n=40). Arterial stiffness indices, namely, stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) reported a significant increase among the prehypertensive group with p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively. SI and RI showed a positive correlation with systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI). NLR reported a significant increase in a prehypertensive group with p=0.03 but no correlation was found between NLR and arterial stiffness indices.Conclusion: Targeting the high-risk individuals, based on increased arterial stiffness, NLR, BMI and BP, for earlier lifestyle modifications could act as a potential preventive strategy to inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDICES AMONG YOUNG PREHYPERTENSIVES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Deepika V ◽  
Vijaya Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness indices and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in young prehypertensives.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried as a part of the medical health check-up program conducted on 150 students joining 1st year MBBS. Based on their blood pressure (BP) recordings they were classified as normotensives and prehypertensives. Arterial stiffness indices were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, and NLR was evaluated using automated hematological analyzer. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed using SPSS version 16 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 150 subjects, 106 were recruited for the present study. Based on BP, they were grouped as normotensives (n=66) and prehypertensives (n=40). Arterial stiffness indices, namely, stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) reported a significant increase among the prehypertensive group with p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively. SI and RI showed a positive correlation with systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI). NLR reported a significant increase in a prehypertensive group with p=0.03 but no correlation was found between NLR and arterial stiffness indices.Conclusion: Targeting the high-risk individuals, based on increased arterial stiffness, NLR, BMI and BP, for earlier lifestyle modifications could act as a potential preventive strategy to inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The effects of submaximal exercise on a treadmill on the recovery of the stiffness index and reflection index in men with untreated hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. e504
Author(s):  
Kamila Miętkiewska-Szwacka ◽  
Magdalena Kujawska-Łuczak ◽  
Tomasz Piorunek ◽  
Szczepan Cofta ◽  
Karolina Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Untreated Hypertension

Aim. Increased arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adult men with untreated hypertension are at risk of future CVD. The study aimed to compare the effects of a submaximal exercise on the recovery of the two descriptors of arterial pressure waveform, i.e. stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI), between men with untreated hypertension (HA) and healthy peers. Material and Methods. The study included 70 Caucasian men with untreated primary HA and 30 normotensive men. Blood pressure, SI and RI were determined by photoplethysmography before and 6 minutes after a submaximal (up to 85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate) exercise on a treadmill. Results. Baseline SI was higher in HA than control men (6.06 [0.66] vs. 6.61 [0.84] m/s; p=0.0019) and remained significantly increased during post-exercise recovery only in HA men (7.59 [1.6] vs. 6.18 [0.85] m/s; p<0.0001). Pre-exercise RI did not differ between HA and healthy men (50.74 [14.17] vs 48.9 [14.86]%). Six minutes after the exercise, RI higher in HA patients than in healthy men (45.26[15.33] vs 36.2 [13.18]%; p=0.0058). Conclusions. Arterial stiffness is higher in men with HA both at rest and 6 minutes after exercise. Compared with healthy men, those with HA have more increased arterial tone and impaired vasodilation but only during the recovery. It suggests that untreated HA patients have abnormal mechanical properties of arterial pressure waveforms during the post-exercise recovery.

scholarly journals Pilot Study: The Effect of Acute 5-Day Creatine Supplementation on Macrovascular Endothelial Function in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 15-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Clarke ◽  
Do-Houn Kim ◽  
Cesar Meza ◽  
Robert Hickner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Baseline Diameter

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, and aging is a primary risk factor for CVD events. Dietary creatine supplementation has been used to alleviate age-related health deteriorations, and has been shown to reduce sarcopenia, improve cognition and decrease reactive oxygen species in older adults. There is scarce information, however, regarding the use of creatine to improve vascular function. Therefore, the primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the effect of creatine on vascular function in older adults. Methods Four older adults (66 ± 8.3 years) participated in this pilot study, with four young adults (27 ± 2.9 years) serving as a comparator. Participants reported for their baseline visit, and completed basic anthropometrics and resting hemodynamic testing. Brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess macrovascular endothelial function following 5-minutes of occlusion. Resting and peak brachial artery diameters were assessed using edge detection software, and FMD % change (FMD%) was determined utilizing the following equation: [(peak diameter – baseline diameter)/baseline diameter] * 100. Participants were then given creatine monohydrate to consume over the following 5 days (4 × 5 g/day), before returning to repeat all assessments. A two-way ANOVA statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Results No statistically significant changes were seen in FMD%. However, mean delta (Δ) change for groups did show a greater improvement in FMD% in old vs. young (Δ2.44 ± 1.78% vs. −.82 ± 3.09%) and estimated marginal means of FMD showed a positive change in FMD% in older adults but not in younger. Furthermore, 100% of older adults showed improvement following creatine, whereas only 50% of young adults showed (minimal) improvement. Conclusions Although there were no significant changes identified, this may be due to the small sample size not being sufficient to detect an interaction effect. The improvements seen for each older adult could still be considered physiologically significant for vascular health, and future study of additional participants may result in significant benefits and expand the use of creatine to improve vascular health. Funding Sources No grants or Funding Sources were used for this pilot study.

scholarly journals Older Adults Who Spend More Time Outdoors in Summer and Have Higher Dietary Vitamin D Than Younger Adults Can Present at Least as High Vitamin D Status: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3364
Author(s):  
Oktawia Borecka ◽  
Mark D. Farrar ◽  
Joanne E. Osman ◽  
Lesley E. Rhodes ◽  
Ann R. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Vitamin D3 can be produced by exposing skin to UVB radiation or sourced through dietary products. It is often stated that vitamin D status declines in older adults, yet little is known about differences in current-day lifestyle and dietary behaviours influencing vitamin D outcomes in younger (18–40 years old) and older adults (65–89 years old). Our objectives were to perform a pilot study to compare sun exposure behaviours, i.e., time spent outdoors, holiday behaviour and use of sunscreen/clothing, and dietary vitamin D intake, in young and older adults in the UK, together with assessment of their vitamin D status. A total of 13 young and 11 older volunteers completed a four-page questionnaire to assess sun exposure and photoprotective behaviour and an eleven-page one-week vitamin D diet diary, alongside their plasma 25(OH)D measurement. It was found that the older group tended to spend more time outdoors during the working week in summer, to take more summer and winter holidays each year, take longer winter holidays and have similar sunscreen use when compared to younger adults. Older adults had a significantly higher daily dietary intake of vitamin D (4.0 μg) than young adults (2.4 μg). Mean winter 25(OH)D concentration was higher in older (56.9 nmol/L) than in young adults (43.2 nmol/L), but there was no statistical difference between the groups. Contrary to common assumptions, in this study, older adults had sun exposure and dietary behaviours conferring a vitamin D status at least as good as that of younger adults.

Task-Switching Training and Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
István Czigler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Far Transfer ◽  
Near Transfer ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Abstract. We used task-switching (TS) paradigms to study how cognitive training can compensate age-related cognitive decline. Thirty-nine young (age span: 18–25 years) and 40 older (age span: 60–75 years) women were assigned to training and control groups. The training group received 8 one-hour long cognitive training sessions in which the difficulty level of TS was individually adjusted. The other half of the sample did not receive any intervention. The reference task was an informatively cued TS paradigm with nogo stimuli. Performance was measured on reference, near-transfer, and far-transfer tasks by behavioral indicators and event-related potentials (ERPs) before training, 1 month after pretraining, and in case of older adults, 1 year later. The results showed that young adults had better pretraining performance. The reference task was too difficult for older adults to form appropriate representations as indicated by the behavioral data and the lack of P3b components. But after training older adults reached the level of performance of young participants, and accordingly, P3b emerged after both the cue and the target. Training gain was observed also in near-transfer tasks, and partly in far-transfer tasks; working memory and executive functions did not improve, but we found improvement in alerting and orienting networks, and in the execution of variants of TS paradigms. Behavioral and ERP changes remained preserved even after 1 year. These findings suggest that with an appropriate training procedure older adults can reach the level of performance seen in young adults and these changes persist for a long period. The training also affects the unpracticed tasks, but the transfer depends on the extent of task similarities.

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