Arterial stiffness and haemodynamic response to vasoactive medication in subjects with insulin-resistance syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divina G. Brillante ◽  
Anthony J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Martina T. Johnstone ◽  
Laurence G. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Vasoactive Medication ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes

INSR (insulin-resistance syndrome) affects 25% of the Australian population and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we postulated that early cardiovascular changes in these individuals may be associated with an activated RAS (renin–angiotensin system). We studied 26 subjects: 13 with INSR [waist circumference, 99±6 cm; HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment) score, 2.5±0.3] and 13 NCs (normals controls; waist circumference, 77±2 cm; HOMA score, 1.4±0.2). All received intravenous GTN (glyceryl trinitrate; 10, 20 and 40 μg/min), L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; 3 mg/kg of body weight), AngII (angiotensin II; 8 and 16 ng/min), the selective AT2R (AngII type 2 receptor) inhibitor PD123319 (10 and 20 μg/min) and AngII (16 ng/min)+PD123319 (20 μg/min). At the end of each infusion, arterial stiffness indices [SI (stiffness index) and RI (reflection index)] and haemodynamic parameters were measured. There was a significantly higher RI response to AngII (P=0.0004 for both 8 and 16 ng/min doses) and to PD123319 (P=0.004 and P=0.03 for 10 and 20 μg/min doses respectively) in subjects with INSR compared with NCs. Co-infusion of AngII and PD123319 did not lead to additive changes in RI. RI responses to L-NMMA and GTN were not significantly different in both groups. No significant differences in SI and haemodynamic responses were detected. In conclusion, AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) and AT2R activity produce arterial stiffness changes in subjects with INSR. Evidence of increased AT1R- and AT2R-mediated responses in small-to-medium-sized arteries in INSR was found, and may play an early role in the pathogenesis of vascular changes in INSR before haemodynamic changes become apparent.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Measures of Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. McAuley ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Enrique Garcia Artero ◽  
David A. Bluemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ethnic Study

Background:The influence of higher physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk is not completely understood.Methods:Between 2000–2002, data were collected on 6795 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Self-reported intentional physical activity in the lowest quartile (0–105 MET-minutes/week) was categorized as inactive and the upper three quartiles (123–37,260 MET-minutes/week) as active. Associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference categories, stratified by physical activity status (inactive or active) with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, upper quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] for population, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes) were assessed using logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and current smoking.Results:Among obese participants, those who were physically active had reduced odds of insulin resistance (47% lower; P < .001) and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (23% lower; P = .04). These associations were weaker for central obesity. However, among participants with a normal waist circumference, those who were inactive were 63% more likely to have insulin resistance (OR [95% CI] 1.63 [1.24–2.15]) compared with the active reference group.Conclusions:Physical activity was inversely related to the cardiometabolic risk associated with obesity and central obesity.

scholarly journals Sex differences in associations between insulin resistance, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness in healthy women and men: a physiology study

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Anthony Rannelli ◽  
Jennifer M. MacRae ◽  
Michelle C. Mann ◽  
Sharanya Ramesh ◽  
Brenda R. Hemmelgarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Women

Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk to women than to men. Whether insulin-resistance-mediated risk extends to the healthy population is unknown. Measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment, hemoglobin A1c, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, glucose) were determined in 48 (56% female) healthy subjects. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis and arterial stiffness was determined using noninvasive applanation tonometry. Both were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion. In women, there was a non-statistically significant trend towards increasing insulin resistance being associated with an overall unfavourable HRV response and increased arterial stiffness to the stressor, while men demonstrated the opposite response. Significant differences in the associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular physiological profile exist between healthy women and men. Further studies investigating the sex differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in cardiovascular disease are warranted.

scholarly journals KEJADIAN RESISTENSI INSULIN PADA ANAK OBESITAS USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI KOTA SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hana Asnelviana ◽  
Muhammad Sulchan ◽  
Binar Panunggal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Introduction: Obesity is caused by imbalance amount of energy intake and energy requirement of the body. Obesity in children has high risk to become obesity in adult and results in degenerative diseases. In obese children have higher of getting insulin  resistance. This study was aimed to determine insulin resistance in obesity children aged 9-12 years in Semarang.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with two groups: height below the median-obesity circumference (TBBM-obesity) and height above the median-obesity (TBAM-obesity). Screening was done in 602 children aged 9-12 years in urban and suburban areas of Semarang. Nutritional status was determined with measurements of z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and waist circumference. To define insulin resistance were measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test.Results: There was found 75% subjects with high HOMA-IR value. HOMA-IR value in TBAM-obesity was 42.5% higher than TBBM-obesity was 32.5% (p= 0,088). Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r= 0.662 p=0.000 and  r= 0.333 p=0.036) and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r=0.235; p= 0.144). Conclusion: Insulin resistance from all subject were found 75%. Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value.

scholarly journals Proinsulin to insulin ratio is associated with incident type 2 diabetes but not with vascular complications in the KORA F4/FF4 study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001425
Author(s):  
Cornelia Then ◽  
Christina Gar ◽  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
Cornelia Huth ◽  
Holger Then ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

IntroductionWe investigated the association of the proinsulin to insulin ratio (PIR) with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), components of the metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006–2008)/FF4 study (2013–2014).Research design and methodsThe analyses included 1514 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 1132 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up time of 6.6 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as cardiovascular events were analyzed after a median time of 9.1 and 8.6 years, respectively. The association of PIR with T2D, renal and cardiovascular characteristics and mortality were assessed using logistic regression models. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of PIR with components of the metabolic syndrome.ResultsAfter adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity, PIR was associated with prevalent (OR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.77; p<0.001) and incident T2D (OR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.17; p<0.001). PIR was associated with fasting glucose (β per SD: 0.11±0.02; p<0.001) and HbA1c (β: 0.21±0.02; p<0.001). However, PIR was not positively associated with other components of the metabolic syndrome and was even inversely associated with waist circumference (β: −0.22±0.03; p<0.001), BMI (β: −0.11±0.03; p<0.001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (β: −0.22±0.02; p<0.001). PIR was not significantly associated with the intima-media thickness (IMT), decline of kidney function, incident albuminuria, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.ConclusionsIn the KORA F4/FF4 cohort, PIR was positively associated with prevalent and incident T2D, but inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI and insulin resistance, suggesting that PIR might serve as a biomarker for T2D risk independently of the metabolic syndrome, but not for microvascular or macrovascular complications.

scholarly journals Association of Low Serum l-Carnitine Levels with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Patients Who Undergo Kidney Transplantation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Lai ◽  
Ming-Che Lee ◽  
Guan-Jin Ho ◽  
Chin-Hung Liu ◽  
Bang-Gee Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Level ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Carnitine Level ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

l-carnitine is an important co-factor in fatty-acid metabolism, and its deficiency is associated with insulin resistance, which is independently associated with arterial stiffness. This study evaluated the relationship between serum l-carnitine level and peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS) in kidney transplantation (KT). Fasting blood samples were collected from 65 patients who underwent KT. We measured the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, and 36 patients (55.4%) had PAS. Patients with PAS had a significantly higher percentage of diabetes (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.033), and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.044); higher waist circumference (p = 0.010), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), serum triglyceride level (p = 0.040), insulin level (p = 0.002), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p = 0.002); lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.036) and serum l-carnitine levels (p < 0.001); older age (p = 0.041); and a longer KT duration (p = 0.025) than those without PAS. Statistical analysis revealed an independent association between PAS in KT and KT duration (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.054, p = 0.029) and serum l-carnitine levels (95% CI: 0.842–0.998, p = 0.044). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the diagnostic power of l-carnitine to predict PAS was 0.789 (95% CI: 0.670–0.881, p < 0.001). Serum-free l-carnitine level is negatively associated with PAS in patients who undergo KT.

scholarly journals Proposed Cutoff Level of Waist Circumference in Japanese Men: Evaluation by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (16) ◽  
pp. 2119-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Kamezaki ◽  
Shinjo Sonoda ◽  
Sei Nakata ◽  
Kuninobu Kashiyama ◽  
Yoshitaka Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Japanese Men

scholarly journals Circulating FGF21 levels are related to nutritional status and metabolic but not hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz ◽  
Paweł Madej ◽  
Michał Wdowczyk ◽  
Aleksander Owczarek ◽  
Jerzy Chudek
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse relationships between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and nutritional status, and metabolic and hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women.Design and settingA cross-sectional study involving 85 PCOS (48 obese) and 72 non-PCOS women (41 obese) was conducted to evaluate the relationship between FGF21 levels and PCOS.MethodsAnthropometric parameters and body composition were determined. In the fasting state; serum concentrations of glucose, androgens, FSH, LH, SHBG, insulin and FGF21 were measured.ResultsPlasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in obese women compared with normal-weight women in both PCOS and non-PCOS subgroups (120.3 (18.2–698) vs 62.3 (16.4–323.6) pg/ml, P<0.05 and 87.2 (12.9–748.4) vs 62.9 (18.0–378.8) pg/ml, P<0.05 respectively). Additionally, circulating FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the obese PCOS subgroup compared with the non-PCOS subgroup (120.3 (18.2–698.0) vs 87.2 (12.9–748.4) pg/ml, P<0.05). Circulating FGF21 levels were proportional to BMI (R=0.27; P<0.001), body fat mass (R=0.24; P<0.01) and percentage (R=0.24; P<0.01), as well as waist circumference (R=0.26; P<0.01). Additionally, plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were related to FGF21 levels (R=0.44; P<0.001 and R=0.19; P<0.05 respectively). In multiple regression analysis, circulating FGF21 level variability was explained by HOMA-IR values and fat percentage, as well as waist circumference, but not correlated with oestradiol levels and free androgen index values.ConclusionsHigher circulating FGF21 levels are related to nutritional status and insulin resistance independent of PCOS. Increased FGF21 is associated with metabolic but not hormonal disturbances.

scholarly journals Adiposity indices in the prediction of insulin resistance in prepubertal Colombian children

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel T Mueller ◽  
Mark A Pereira ◽  
Adriana Buitrago-Lopez ◽  
Diana C Rodríguez ◽  
Alvaro E Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Stepwise Selection ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractObjectiveTo compare BMI with abdominal skinfold thickness (ASF), waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in the prediction of insulin resistance (IR) in prepubertal Colombian children.DesignWe calculated age- and sex-specific Z-scores for BMI, ASF, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and three other skinfold-thickness sites. Logistic regression with stepwise selection (P = 0·80 for entry and P = 0·05 for retention) was performed to identify predictors of IR and extreme IR, which were determined by age- and sex-specific Z-scores to identify the ≥ 90th and ≥ 95th percentile of homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR), respectively. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the area under the curve between models.SettingBucaramanga, Colombia.SubjectsChildren (n 1261) aged 6–10 years in Tanner stage 1 from a population-based study.ResultsA total of 127 children (seventy girls and fifty-seven boys) were classified with IR, including sixty-three children (thirty-three girls and thirty boys) classified with extreme IR. Only ASF and BMI Z-scores were retained as predictors of IR by stepwise selection. Adding ASF Z-score to BMI Z-score improved the area under the curve from 0·794 (95 % CI 0·752, 0·837) to 0·811 (95 % CI 0·770, 0·851; P for contrast = 0·01). In predicting extreme IR, the addition of ASF Z-score to BMI Z-score improved the area under the curve from 0·837 (95 % CI 0·790, 0·884) to 0·864 (95 % CI 0·823, 0·905; P for contrast = 0·01).ConclusionsASF Z-score predicted IR independent of BMI Z-score in our population of prepubertal children. ASF and BMI Z-scores together improved IR risk stratification compared with BMI Z-score alone, opening new perspectives in the prediction of cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children.

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