scholarly journals How Response Styles Moderate the Relationship between Daily Stress and Social Interactions in Depression, Social Phobia, and Controls

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Gloster ◽  
Jürgen Hoyer ◽  
Maria Karekla ◽  
Andrea Meyer ◽  
Klaus Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Response Flexibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Disorder

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Stress and social isolation are potent predictors of negative health outcomes and are impacted in mood and anxiety disorders. Difficulties in social interactions have been particularly noted in people diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) and social phobia (SP). It remains poorly understood, however, how these variables interact on a moment-to-moment basis and which variables moderate this relationship. Psychological flexibility, or the ability to be open to experiences while maintaining engagement in valued activities, may help moderate the relationship between stress and social interaction. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study examined these variables in participants diagnosed with MDD and SP and compared them to a control group. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants were diagnosed with a mental disorder (<i>n</i> = 118 MDD; <i>n</i> = 47 SP) or were in the control group consisting of participants without MDD or SP (<i>n</i> = 119). Using the event sampling methodology (ESM), participants were queried six times per day for 7 days about stress, social interactions, and emotional response (rigid vs. flexible). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher current stress levels were related to more social interactions. This relationship was even stronger in situations when response flexibility was increased, especially in the clinical groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Data suggest that a healthy psychological process (flexible emotional responding) buffers the relationship between stress and social interactions. We discuss how these variables interact and whether these patterns may paradoxically contribute to the maintenance of psychopathology.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dignity Therapy on Hope in Patients with Major Depression Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Vaghee ◽  
Abbas Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dignity Therapy ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Depression Disorder

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Despite the importance of the hope level increment in the patients with major depression disorder, fewer interventions have been applied to improve the hope level in the psychiatric patients, especially the depressed individuals.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To identify the dignity therapy effect on the hope level in the patients with major depression disorder.</p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> In this random controlled clinical trial, 58 patients with major depression disorder, who were hospitalized in Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital of Mashhad, were separated into two intervention (28 individuals) and control (30 individuals) groups. The intervention group has taken the dignity therapy (based on the standard protocol in three 30-45 minutes sessions) and the control group have been undertaken the normal caregiving without intervention. The research tool was the Herth hope index, which was filled exactly before and after intervention. The data analysis has been done by SPSS 11.5 and exact Fischer tests, Chi square, independent t-test and paired t-test.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> 65.5 percent of the patients were female and 34.5 percent were male. Before the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference between the dignity therapy group (19.9±2.8) and the control group (20.5±1.6) in the average total hope score (p=0.39). However, the variations of the average total hope score before and after intervention between the dignity therapy group (4.7±2.9) and the control group (0.1±1.9) was significant (p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> According to the dignity therapy effect on the hope level increment in patients with major depression disorder, this unique and short clinical trial can be employed to increase the hope level in the patients with depression disorder.</p>

scholarly journals Having versus not having social interactions in patients diagnosed with depression or social phobia and controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249765
Author(s):  
Jeanette Villanueva ◽  
Andrea H. Meyer ◽  
Thorsten Mikoteit ◽  
Jürgen Hoyer ◽  
Christian Imboden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Sampling Methodology

Humans need meaningful social interactions, but little is known about the consequences of not having them. We examined meaningful social interactions and the lack thereof in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or social phobia (SP) and compared them to a control group (CG). Using event-sampling methodology, we sampled participants’ everyday social behavior 6 times per day for 1 week in participants’ natural environment. We investigated the quality and the proportion of meaningful social interactions (when they had meaningful social interactions) and degree of wishing for and avoidance of meaningful social interactions (when they did not have meaningful social interactions). Groups differed on the quality and avoidance of meaningful social interactions: Participants with MDD and SP reported perceiving their meaningful social interactions as lower quality (in terms of subjective meaningfulness) than the CG, with SP patients reporting even lower quality than the MDD patients. Further, both MDD and SP patients reported avoiding meaningful social interactions significantly more often than the CG. Although the proportion of meaningful social interactions was similar in all groups, the subjective quality of meaningful social interactions was perceived to be lower in MDD and SP patients. Future research might further identify what variables influenced the reinforcement of the MDD and SP patients so that they engaged in the same number of meaningful social interactions even though the quality of their meaningful social interactions was lower. Increasing awareness of what happens when patients do or do not have meaningful social interactions will help elucidate a potentially exacerbating or maintaining factor of the disorders.

scholarly journals Serum Cortisol Levels Modifications in Patients with Depression and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3383-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luminita Diana Hritcu ◽  
Manuela Padurariu ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Cristina Horhogea ◽  
Mihaela Claudia Spataru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Depression Disorder

The correlations between depression and stress are quite accepted nowadays, as well as the fact that cortisol levels could also represent fundamental risk factors for major depressive disorder. However, when it comes to the modifications of cortisol levels in depression, the results are controversial. Same goes for the cortisol modifications in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a functional digestive disorder characterized by a strong biopsychological component, being highly influenced or exacerbated by stressful stimuli. Thus, in the present report we were interested in seeing if there are any serum cortisol levels variations in patients with depression and irritable bowel syndrome, by looking at cortisol modifications in two different groups of patients: a control group with major depression disorder and another study group composed by major depression disorder + IBS patients. Thus, our data presented here are suggesting that there is a significant increase in cortisol levels in the morning serum of the patients with major depression disorder + IBS, as compared to the group having only depression. The results presented here could have an important relevance in the context of managing the stress-related factors in the pathological entities described above.

Moderate exercise improves quality of life in patients with non-remitted major depression disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 656-656
Author(s):  
J. Mota Pereira ◽  
J. Silvério ◽  
J.C. Ribeiro ◽  
S. Carvalho ◽  
D. Fonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Depression Disorder

Prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel assignment. 150 individuals diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, taking combined therapy in doses considered appropriate for at least 9 months, without showing clinical remission, defined as having an HAMD17 total score ≤ 7, attending the out-patient psychiatry clinic, were initially screened through an interview with a psychiatrist. Those meeting study criteria were randomized to one of two groups: control and aerobic exercise. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent. Study protocol Exercise group: individuals were assigned moderate intensity exercise, in addition to their usual pharmacological therapy. Control group: individuals who were not assigned any exercise and remained taking their usual pharmacological therapy. Both groups maintained the pharmacological therapy unchanged during the 12 week study period. All participants were evaluated at baseline (time 0: before starting the physical activity program), and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for depressive symptoms, functional assessment and Quality of Life.ResultsResults show that participants in the exercise group improved their quality of life parameters, suggesting that exercise could be an effective therapeutic adjuvant for non-remitted MDD patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Dysfunctional Attitudes on Orientation of Anger in Major Depressive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Prof. Sadhan Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depression Disorder

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of Dysfunctional Attitudes in delineating the orientation of Anger among Major Depression Disorder patients and control population. Dysfunctional Attitude has long been established as a precursor of depressive symptoms. However there is a dearth of studies on the correlates of Dysfunctional Attitude and orientation of Anger. A total of 60 participants (30 Major Depression Disorder, 30 Control) were asked to fill up a self-report paper pencil questionnaire that measured orientation of Anger, Neuroticism and Dysfunctional Attitude. Results indicated higher Anger suppression, Dysfunctional Attitude, and higher neuroticism scores for the clinical group than control group. When Neuroticism was controlled, Dysfunctional Attitude was found to be positively correlated with temperamental and Internalized Anger in the clinical group; however in the control group it remained uncorrelated with the direction of Anger. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated Dysfunctional Attitude to be significant predictor of Internalized Anger in clinical group while Neuroticism was found to be a significant predictor of Internalized Anger for the control group. The present finding suggests the role of Dysfunctional Attitude in defining the orientation of Anger among the Major Depression Disorder group and also elucidates the relationship between Dysfunctional Attitude and Neuroticism with both Internalized and Externalized Anger.

Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

Belastungen in der Kindheit und dissoziative Symptomatik bei Patienten mit psychischen Störungen

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fiess ◽  
Astrid Steffen ◽  
Christian Pietrek ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dissoziative Symptome ◽  
Kindheit Und Jugend ◽  
Depression Disorder

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Dissoziative Symptome treten bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungen auf und werden bei einigen Störungen mit traumatischen Erfahrungen assoziiert. Fragestellung: Wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dissoziativer Symptomatik und belastenden Erfahrungen moduliert durch die Art der Erfahrung und das Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Belastung? Methode: Bei 82 Patienten (Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, BPS; Major Depression Disorder, MDD) und 54 gesunden Kontrollpersonen wurden per Interview belastende Erfahrungen während Kindheit und Jugend (3 – 16 Jahre) ermittelt. Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastung und dissoziativer Symptomatik wurden regressionsanalytisch unter Berücksichtigung von Diagnose und komorbider Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Dissoziative Symptomatik korreliert bei BPD und MDD (mit komorbider PTBS) positiv mit emotionalem (neben sexuellem) Missbrauch und mit Belastungen in der Pubertät. Schlussfolgerung: Therapeutische Berücksichtigung emotionaler und pubertärer Belastung könnte die (Behandlung erschwerende) dissoziative Symptomatik reduzieren.

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