scholarly journals Strengthening the Reporting of Nutritional Genomics Research to Inform Knowledge Translation in Personalized Nutrition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Justine R. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
Action Functional ◽  
Functional Snps ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Nutritional Genomics

The ultimate goal of researching nutrigenetic interactions is to be able to provide individuals with genetically-tailored nutrition advice (when evidence is sufficient) in an effort to optimize health outcomes. Accordingly, original research often discusses the potential for the results to inform genetically-tailored nutrition advice. Despite this, many studies do not report their methods, results, and discussion in a manner that is conducive to knowledge translation. With several consumer nutritional genomics companies now offering genetic testing for personalized nutrition, proper reporting of nutritional genomics research for knowledge translation is of vital importance. Common reporting errors relate to SNP and genotype reporting, results lacking detail, consideration of linkage disequilibrium, mechanisms of action/functional SNPs, details of dietary intake, and sample reporting. Because of this, knowledge translation professionals may be unable or challenged in their attempt to use the findings from such research to inform clinical practice in nutritional genomics and personalized nutrition. The present article provides an overview of the issues at hand. It further pre­sents a checklist as well as table and figure templates for researchers to use when reporting the results of original research in nutritional genomics to inform knowledge translation.

A Knowledge Translation Framework for Optimizing Physical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad J Dias ◽  
Michael J Shoemaker ◽  
Kristin M Lefebvre ◽  
John D Heick
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has supported the development of clinical practice guidelines to promote and support evidence-based practice and reduce unwarranted practice variation. Essential to the success of this effort is the generation of knowledge translation—a concept that emphasizes the translation of global knowledge to an application that can be effectively integrated into clinical practice. The Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Individuals with Heart Failure published in the Physical Therapy Journal in January 2020 provides a broad base of knowledge related to evidence-based treatment interventions for patients with heart failure. However, the application and integration of this knowledge in clinical practice need further elucidation. Therefore, this perspective paper aims to serve as a complementary knowledge translation resource to the recently published practice guideline to maximize the utilization of contemporary evidence in clinical practice. This resource provides the physical therapist with practical guidance in the management of patients with heart failure by placing research findings in the context of other knowledge and practice norms that can be applied at the point of care and across the continuum of care. We propose a novel ABCDE (Assessment, Behavior, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Dosage, and Education) practical framework. This clinical paradigm is grounded in ongoing physical therapist assessment throughout the episode of care, along with behavior modification, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, appropriate selection and dosing of interventions and patient education. Examples highlighting the use of this model in patients with heart failure across the continuum of care are provided for application in clinical care.

scholarly journals Fenkarol - the first nonsedative antihistamine for parenteral administration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
L V Luss
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
New Form

In the pathogenesis of various diseases histamine performs an important role relating to one of the most important mediators involved in the regulation of vital functions in the body. Histamine plays a key role in the development of allergic diseases and pseudoallergic reactions. Therefore, in clinical practice, of particular interest are drugs that block the effects of histamine - antihistamines. The lecture highlights mechanisms of action of histamine and indications for antihistamines. Particular attention is given to parenteral forms of antihistamines and benefits of a new form of antihistamines for parenteral use without sedation - fenkarol one of quinuclidine derivatives. Features and advantages of antihistamines - quinuclidine derivatives, first developed in Laboratory of academician M.D. Mashkovsky are presented.

scholarly journals Antiarrhythmic drugs: mechanisms of action, clinical effects, indications for use

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
G. M. Solovyan ◽  
T. V. Mikhalieva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Trigger Activity ◽  
Impulse Formation ◽  
Indications For Use

The lecture is devoted to one of the most difficult problems of modern cardiology – the use of antiarrhythmic therapy in clinical practice. The basic mechanisms of arrhythmias, aspects of their onset, maintenance and termination are briefly described. The current evidence on the electrophysiological mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias – re-entry, abnormal impulse formation, and trigger activity – is presented. The article contains information about the remodeling of ion channels properties. The Sicilian gambit is analyzed, in which the mechanisms of arrhythmias are compared to the mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic action of drugs. Classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications and contraindications, side effects, and interaction with other drugs are presented.

Evolving Dietetics Education to Respond to Emerging Technologies in Nutritional Genomics

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-92
Author(s):  
Natalie Jane Colson ◽  
Melissa Adamski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Dietetics Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Nutritional Genomics

Nutritional genomics is a fast-growing area of precision medicine. It is expected that dietitians will be key players in this area. This chapter discusses the current state of industry, from research to the availability of commercial products, their regulation, and consumer perceptions. Current issues and controversies surrounding the readiness, availability, and delivery of this technology to consumers are examined, and finally, an education framework describing core competencies is presented. The framework aims to provide dietitians with the necessary tools to evaluate and make decisions on the potential for translation of this technology to clinical practice for disease prevention and management.

Neonatal and infant pain assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-390
Author(s):  
Mariana Bueno ◽  
Mats Eriksson ◽  
Bonnie J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Infant Pain ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
No Gold Standard

Pain assessment is an essential foundation to mitigate pain and its consequences in the developing child. However, pain assessment in neonates and infants is challenging and, to date, there is no “gold standard” infant pain indicator, measure, or approach. This chapter encompasses (1) a comprehensive evaluation of the most current and well validated neonatal/infant pain assessment measures; (2) an overview on biomarkers and cortical indicators on neonatal/infant pain; (3) the integration of recommendations on pain-assessment measures and practices within clinical practice guidelines, policies, and procedures; and (4) challenges associated with neonatal and infant pain assessment in terms of research, clinical, and knowledge translation issues.

Pharmacogenomics and Precision Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Julia C. Stingl ◽  
Gonzalo Laje
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work

Molecular medicine has opened new possibilities of personalized approaches in drug therapy. The development of evidence-based pharmacogenetic guidelines to steer therapy has slowly entered the field of psychiatric therapeutics. Some of the reasons behind the limited progress in psychiatric pharmacogenomics include the broad definition of clinical syndromes, limited knowledge of psychiatric pathophysiology, and limited understanding of psychotropics’ mechanisms of action. Pharmacogenomic markers have been reported for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic genes. However, only genetic variation in pharmacokinetic genes has shown to be helpful in clinical practice. There is little consensus as to when and if pharmacogenetic tests should be used in psychiatry. There are limited evidence-based dosing guidelines available for actionable gene–drug pairs. Future work in psychiatry may deepen our understanding of the biological underpinnings of psychiatric syndromes and provide the potential for individual tailored therapies.

scholarly journals Real-world ethics in palliative care: A systematic review of the ethical challenges reported by specialist palliative care practitioners in their clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921632097427
Author(s):  
Guy Schofield ◽  
Mariana Dittborn ◽  
Richard Huxtable ◽  
Emer Brangan ◽  
Lucy Ellen Selman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Practice

Background: Ethical issues arise daily in the delivery of palliative care. Despite much (largely theoretical) literature, evidence from specialist palliative care practitioners about day-to-day ethical challenges has not previously been synthesised. This evidence is crucial to inform education and adequately support staff. Aim: To synthesise the evidence regarding the ethical challenges which specialist palliative care practitioners encounter during clinical practice. Design: Systematic review with narrative synthesis (PROSPERO registration CRD42018105365). Quality was dual-assessed using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Tabulation, textural description, concept mapping and thematic synthesis were used to develop and present the narrative. Data sources: Seven databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher’s Index, EMBASE, PsycINFO, LILACS, Web of Science and CINAHL) were searched from inception to December 2019 without language limits. Eligible papers reported original research using inductive methods to describe practitioner-reported ethical challenges. Results: A total of 8074 records were screened. Thirteen studies from nine countries were included. Challenges were organised into six themes: application of ethical principles; delivering clinical care; working with families; engaging with institutional structures and values; navigating societal values and expectations; philosophy of palliative care. Challenges related to specific scenarios/contexts rather than the application of general ethical principles, and occurred at all levels (bedside, institution, society, policy). Conclusion: Palliative care practitioners encounter a broad range of contextual ethical challenges, many of which are not represented in palliative care ethics training resources, for example, navigating institutional policies, resource allocation and inter-professional conflict. Findings have implications for supporting ethical practice and training practitioners. The lack of low- and middle- income country data needs addressing.

scholarly journals Yoga for psychiatric disorders: from fad to evidence-based intervention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivarama Varambally ◽  
Sanju George ◽  
Bangalore Nanjundaiah Gangadhar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

SummaryThere is growing evidence for yoga's neurobiological effects in people with psychiatric disorders. Postulated mechanisms of action include: (a) modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; (b) enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission; (c) autonomic modulation; and (d) neuroendocrinological effects. Yoga as a therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders appears promising and merits further attention in clinical practice and research.

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