scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kuang-Yu Wei ◽  
Chen-Yi Liao ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Fu-Huang Lin ◽  
Chang-Huei Tsao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence Of Ckd

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) commonly have long-term morbidities. However, it is not known whether patients with COP exhibit an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) alters this risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study identified 8,618 patients who survived COP and 34,464 propensity score-matched non-COP patients from 2000 to 2013 in a nationwide administrative registry. The primary outcome was the development of CKD. The association between COP and the risk of developing CKD was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model; the cumulated incidence of CKD among patients stratified by HBOT was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After adjusting for covariates, the risk of CKD was 6.15-fold higher in COP patients than in non-COP controls. Based on the subgroup analyses, regardless of demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and comorbidities, the COP cohort exhibited an increased risk of developing CKD compared with the controls. The cumulative incidence of CKD in COP patients did not differ between the HBOT and non-HBOT groups (<i>p</i> = 0.188). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> COP might be an independent risk factor for developing CKD. Thus, clinicians should enhance the postdischarge follow-up of kidney function among COP patients.

scholarly journals Taking Sleeping Pills and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yi Liao ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu ◽  
Cheng-Yi Cheng ◽  
Sung-Sen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: Sleeping disorder has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the correlation between sleeping pills use and CKD has not been investigated in-depth yet. This study elucidated the potential association of sleeping pill use with the risk of CKD and CKD progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis.Methods: This study was based on a population-based cohort that included 209,755 sleeping pill users among 989,753 individuals. After applying the exclusion criteria, 186,654 sleeping pill users and 373,308 nonusers were enrolled to monitor the occurrence of CKD. Using a cumulative daily dose, we analyzed the types of sleeping pills related to the risk of CKD and ESRD. Propensity score matching and analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression were performed with adjustments for sex, age, and comorbidities.Results: Sleeping pill use was related to increased CKD risk after adjusting for underlying comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.806, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.617–2.105, p &lt; 0.001). With the exception of hyperlipidemia, most comorbidities correlated with an increased risk of CKD. Persistent use of sleeping pills after CKD diagnosis increased the risk of concurrent ESRD (aHR = 7.542; 95% CI: 4.267–10.156; p &lt; 0.001). After the subgroup analysis for sleeping pill use, brotizolam (p = 0.046), chlordiazepoxide (p &lt; 0.001), clonazepam (p &lt; 0.001), diazepam (p &lt; 0.001), dormicum (p &lt; 0.001), estazolam (p &lt; 0.001), fludiazepam (p &lt; 0.001), flunitrazepam (p &lt; 0.001), nitrazepam (p &lt; 0.001), trazodone (p &lt; 0.001), zolpidem (p &lt; 0.001), and zopiclone (p &lt; 0.001) were found to have significant correlation with increased CKD risk.Conclusion: Sleeping pill use was related to an increased risk of CKD and ESRD. Further studies are necessary to corroborate these findings.

Abstract MP012: Plasma Galectin-3 Levels and Subsequent Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Menglu Liang ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne ◽  
Ron C Hoogeveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Galectin 3

Introduction: Galectin-3 is a 35 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin which has been proposed as a novel biomarker of heart failure primarily due to its involvement in myocardial fibrosis. Elevated levels of galectin-3 may be associated with fibrosis of other organs, such as the kidney, and increase the risk of developing kidney disease. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we prospectively analyzed Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants with measurements of plasma galectin-3 levels at baseline (visit 4, 1996-98) and without prevalent kidney disease or heart failure (N=9,647). Incident chronic kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 accompanied by 25% eGFR decline, chronic kidney disease-related hospitalization or death, or end-stage renal disease between baseline and December 31, 2013. Results: 2,105 participants (22%) developed incident chronic kidney disease over a median follow-up of 16 years. The mean (standard deviation) plasma level of galectin-3 was 14.7 (4.4) ng/mL. At baseline, galectin-3 was cross-sectionally associated with eGFR (r = -0.31) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.19). After adjusting for demographics and kidney disease risk factors, there was a significant, graded, and positive association between galectin-3 and incident chronic kidney disease (quartile 4 vs. 1 HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.09, p for trend <0.001). The association between galectin-3 and incident chronic kidney disease was attenuated but remained significant after accounting for eGFR and UACR (quartile 4 vs. 1 HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.80, p for trend <0.001). The association was similar by diabetes status (p for interaction = 0.33) and stronger among those with hypertension (p for interaction = 0.004). Conclusion: In this community-based population, higher plasma galectin-3 levels were associated with elevated risk of developing incident chronic kidney disease, particularly among those with hypertension.

scholarly journals Hyperlipidemia and Statins Use for the Risk of New Diagnosed Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Kidney: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hua Lin ◽  
She-Yu Chiu ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yu-Liang Lai ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hazards Model

Background: Previous research found that statins, in addition to its efficiency in treating hyperlipidemia, may also incur adverse drug reactions, which mainly include myopathies and abnormalities in liver function. Aim: This study aims to assess the risk for newly onset sarcopenia among patients with chronic kidney disease using statins. Material and Method: In a nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study, 75,637 clinically confirmed cases of chronic kidney disease between 1997 and 2011were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The selection of the chronic kidney disease cohort included a discharge diagnosis with chronic kidney disease or more than 3 outpatient visits with the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease found within 1 year. After consideration of patient exclusions, we finally got a total number of 67,001 cases of chronic kidney disease in the study. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform preliminary analysis on the effect of statins usage on the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia; the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates was conducted to take into consideration the individual temporal differences in medication usage, and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval after controlling for gender, age, income, and urbanization. Results: Our main findings indicated that patients with chronic kidney disease who use statins seem to effectively prevent patients from occurrences of sarcopenia, high dosage of statins seem to show more significant protective effects, and the results are similar over long-term follow-up. In addition, the risk for newly diagnosed sarcopenia among patients with lipophilic statins treatment was lower than that among patients with hydrophilic statins treatment. Conclusion: It seems that patients with chronic kidney disease could receive statin treatment to reduce the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia. Additionally, a higher dosage of statins could reduce the incidence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Low lung function and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease in the Malmö Preventive Project cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneela Zaigham ◽  
Anders Christensson ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Future Risk

Abstract Background Although the prevalence of kidney disease is higher in those with reduced lung function, the longitudinal relationship between low lung function and future risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been widely explored. Methods Baseline lung function was assessed in 20,700 men and 7325 women from 1974 to 1992. Mean age was 43.4 (±6.6) and 47.5 (±7.9) for men and women respectively. Sex-specific quartiles of FEV1 and FVC (L) were created (Q4: highest, reference) and the cohort was also divided by the FEV1/FVC ratio (≥ or < 0.70). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the risk of incident CKD events (inpatient or outpatient hospital diagnosis of CKD) in relation to baseline lung function after adjustment for various confounding factors. Results Over 41 years of follow-up there were 710 and 165 incident CKD events (main diagnosis) in men and women respectively. Low FEV1 was strongly associated with future risk of CKD in men (Q1 vs Q4 adjusted HR: 1.46 (CI:1.14–1.89), p-trend 0.002). Similar findings were observed for FVC in men (1.51 (CI:1.16–1.95), p-trend 0.001). The adjusted risks were not found to be significant in women, for either FEV1 or FVC. FEV1/FVC < 0.70 was not associated with increased incidence of CKD in men or women. Conclusion Low FEV1 and FVC levels at baseline are a risk factor for the development of future incident CKD in men. Monitoring kidney function in those with reduced vital capacity in early life could help with identifying those at increased risk of future CKD.

scholarly journals Association between Sleep Duration and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis of the NAGALA Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Hanako Nakajima ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Akihiro Obora ◽  
Takao Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: The duration of sleep might be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the relationship between sleep duration and incident CKD. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of 7,752 men and 6,722 women, we divided the subjects into 4 groups according to sleep duration, i.e., those whose reported regular sleep duration was <6 h (the “<6 h group”), those whose sleep duration was >6 but <7 h (the “6 to <7 h group”), those with a sleep duration of 7 to <8 h (the “7 to <8 h group”), and those with ≥8 h sleep (the “≥8 h group”). CKD was defined as the presence of proteinuria and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The HR of the 4 groups for incident CKD were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model, with the 7 to <8 h group set as the reference. Results: Incident CKD was detected in 1,513 (19.5%) men and 688 (10.2%) women over the median follow-up period of 7.0 (3.3–11.9) years in the men and 6.7 (3.1–10.8) years in the women. There was no association between sleep duration and incident CKD in the women. In the men, the HR of incident CKD was 0.54 (95% CI 0.45–0.64, p < 0.001) in the <6 h group, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.82, p < 0.001) in the 6 to <7 h group, and 0.93 (95% CI 0.78–1.11, p = 0.433) in the ≥8 h group. Conclusion: The risk of incident CKD is lowest in those who sleep <6 h. We revealed that the risk of incident CKD is lowest in those who sleep <6 h among apparently healthy men.

scholarly journals Functional vitamin K status and risk of incident chronic kidney disease and microalbuminuria: a prospective general population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dion Groothof ◽  
Adrian Post ◽  
Camilo G Sotomayor ◽  
Charlotte A Keyzer ◽  
Jose L Flores-Guerero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background Circulating desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (dp-ucMGP), a marker of vitamin K status, is associated with renal function and may serve as a potentially modifiable risk factor for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to assess the association between circulating dp-ucMGP and incident CKD. Methods We included 3969 participants with a mean age of 52.3 ± 11.6 years, of whom 48.0% were male, enrolled in the general population–based Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease study. Study outcomes were incident CKD, defined as either development of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or microalbuminuria. Associations of dp-ucMGP with these outcomes were quantified using Cox proportional hazards models and were adjusted for potential confounders. Results Median plasma dp-ucMGP was 363 [interquartile range (IQR) 219–532] pmol/L and mean serum creatinine- and serum cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRSCr-SCys) was 95.4 ± 21.8 mL/min/1.73 m2. During 7.1 years of follow-up, 205 (5.4%) participants developed incident CKD and 303 (8.4%) developed microalbuminuria. For every doubling of plasma dp-ucMGP, hazard ratios for the development of incident CKD and microalbuminuria were 1.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–2.16; P &lt; 0.001] and 1.19 (95% CI 1.07–1.32; P = 0.001), respectively. These associations lost significance after adjustment for baseline eGFRSCr-SCys [0.99 (95% CI 0.88–1.12; P = 0.86)] and baseline age [1.03 (95% CI 0.94–1.14; P = 0.50)], respectively. Conclusions The associations of plasma dp-ucMGP with incident CKD and microalbuminuria were driven by the respective baseline effects of renal function and age.

scholarly journals The risk of chronic kidney disease in relation to anthropometric measures of obesity: A Swedish cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Memarian ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson ◽  
Isac Zia ◽  
Anders Christensson ◽  
Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Large Prospective Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence Of Ckd

Abstract Background It has been shown that individuals with obesity have a higher risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear which measure of obesity is most useful for prediction of CKD in the general population. The aim of this large prospective study was to explore the association between several anthropometric measures of obesity, i. e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), percentage of body fat (BF%), weight, height and incidence of hospitalizations due to CKD, in a population-based cohort study. Methods The ‘Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS)’ cohort in Sweden was examined during 1991 to 1996. A total of 28,449 subjects underwent measurement of anthropometric measures and blood pressure and filled out a questionnaire. Incidence of in- and outpatient hospital visits for CKD was monitored from the baseline examination over a mean follow-up of 18 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to explore the association between anthropometric measures and incidence of CKD, with adjustments for risk factors. Results The final study population included 26,723 subjects, 45-73 years old at baseline. Higher values of BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR and weight were associated with an increased risk of developing CKD in both men and women. Only in women, higher values of BF% was associated with higher risk of CKD. Comparing the 4th vs 1st quartile of the obesity measure, the highest hazard ratio (HR) for CKD in men was observed for BMI, HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.18-1.94) and weight (HR 1.52 (95% CI: 1.19-1.94). For women the highest HR for CKD was observed for BF%, HR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.45-2.78). Conclusions In this large prospective study, all anthropometric measures of obesity were associated with a substantially increased incidence of CKD, except for BF% in men. Some measures were slightly more predictive for the risk of CKD than others such as BMI and weight in men and BF% in women. In clinical daily practice use of all anthropometric measures of obesity might be equally useful to assess the risk of developing CKD. This study supports the strong evidence for an association between obesity and CKD.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in general population-based cohorts – the BiomarCaRE project

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rehm ◽  
D Rothenbacher ◽  
L Iacoviello ◽  
S Costanzo ◽  
H Tunstall-Pedoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a complicated relationship with the heart, leading to many adverse outcomes. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between CKD and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) along with mortality as a competing risk in general population cohorts. Methods This study was conducted as part of the BiomarCaRE project using harmonised data from 12 population-based cohorts (n=40,212) from Europe. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of AF and HF in CKD and with competing mortality risk after adjusting for covariates. Results Mean age at baseline was 51.1 (standard deviation 11.9) years, and 49.3% were men. Overall, 3.5% had CKD at baseline. The rate for incident AF was 3.9 per 1000 person-years during follow-up. The HR for AF for those with CKD compared with those without was 1.23 (95% CI 1.00–1.52, p=0.0465) after adjustment for covariates. The rate for incident HF was 3.9 per 1000 person-years and the associated risk in the presence of CKD was HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.39–2.01). In subjects with CKD, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) showed an association with AF, while NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed an association with HF. Conclusion CKD is an independent risk factor for subsequent AF and even more so for HF. In patients with CKD, NT-proBNP was clearly associated with subsequent risk of AF. In addition to this marker, hs-CRP was also associated with risk of subsequent HF. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): 7th framework programme collaborative project, grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2011_278913. Atrial Fibrillation and HF in CKD

scholarly journals Effect of Body Mass Index on the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Hashimoto ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Yoshinari Yasuda ◽  
Takuji Ishimoto ◽  
Hiroaki Kawashiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Although previous studies demonstrated that alcohol consumption is associated with low chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk, they did not consider individual body mass and metabolic capacity. We examined whether the body mass index (BMI) affects the association between drinking and CKD. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or dipstick proteinuria (≥ 1+). Participants were 11,175 Japanese individuals aged 40–74 years without baseline CKD who underwent annual health checkups. Daily alcohol consumption was estimated from a questionnaire, and the participants were categorized as "infrequent drinkers," "light drinkers (< 20 g/day)," "moderate drinkers (20–40 g/day)," and "heavy drinkers (≥ 40 g/day)." Over a median 5-year observation period, 936 participants developed CKD. Cox proportional hazards models revealed that light drinkers had a significantly reduced risk of CKD compared with infrequent drinkers (P = 0.01). Stratified by BMI, the low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) group had an increased risk of CKD even in light drinkers, while the high BMI (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) group had a decreased risk of CKD regardless of alcohol consumption. Taken together, alcohol consumption did not reduce the CKD risk in all populations; individual tolerance must be considered.

scholarly journals Association of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 with Death and Atherosclerotic Events in Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Parker Gregg ◽  
Maria Clarissa Tio ◽  
Xilong Li ◽  
Beverley Adams-Huet ◽  
James A. de Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein ◽  
Unit Increase

Background: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ­(MCP-1), a marker of inflammation and monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques, is associated with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Although plasma levels are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), associations with reduced kidney function or outcomes in CKD have not been explored. Methods: In this population-based, probability-sampled, longitudinal cohort of 3,257 participants, including 286 (8.8%) patients with CKD, we studied the association of plasma MCP-1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, death, and intermediate and hard CV outcomes in CKD and non-CKD individuals. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed associations of baseline MCP-1 with all-cause death and atherosclerotic events. Results: MCP-1 was higher in CKD than non-CKD participants (p < 0.001), and negatively associated with eGFR (r = –0.23, p < 0.0001) but not albuminuria in CKD. MCP-1 was associated with pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification in non-CKD but not CKD individuals. At 13.5 years, there were 230 (7.7%) deaths and 168 (6.4%) atherosclerotic events in the non-CKD vs. 97 (34.0%) deaths and 62 (27.9%) events in the CKD group (p < 0.001 for each). MCP-1 was associated with death (hazards ratio [HR] 2.0 [1.4–2.9] per log-unit increase) and atherosclerotic events (1.7 [1.0–2.9]) in CKD individuals. The HR for death in CKD remained significant (1.6 [1.1–2.3]) after adjusting for CV risk factors. Conclusions: Although plasma MCP-1 increased with decreased eGFR, it remained an independent risk factor for death in CKD. MCP-1 did not correlate with intermediate CV outcomes, implicating pathways other than atherosclerosis in the association of MCP-1 with death in CKD.

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