Association of Elevated Serum Tryptase with Cutaneous Photodamage and Skin Cancers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jenni Komulainen ◽  
Hanna Siiskonen ◽  
Ilkka T. Harvima
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Serum Tryptase ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Serum Test ◽  
And Gender

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Mast cells and their major protein, the serine proteinase tryptase, can be involved in cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. The serum test of tryptase (S-tryptase) measures total tryptase protein (active tryptase and inactive protryptases), and S-tryptase is elevated in a variety of diseases, for example, in mastocytosis and α-tryptasemia. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objective of this study is to study whether S-tryptase is a marker of cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Adult subjects (<i>n</i> = 399, aged 21–79) evaluated to be at risk for skin cancers were recruited at the dermatological policlinic and examined for photodamage severity, mole count, actinic keratoses (AKs), skin cancers, and immunosuppression (IS). A blood sample was analyzed for S-tryptase using the ImmunoCAP® Tryptase fluoroenzymeimmunoassay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no difference in S-tryptase between non-IS (<i>n</i> = 321) and IS (<i>n</i> = 78) subjects or between genders. S-tryptase correlated slightly to photodamage and AKs in 321 non-IS subjects, and this association can be related, in part, to the age of subjects. In 34 subjects, S-tryptase was elevated (≥13.5 ng/mL), and in 20 males, but not in 14 females, the photodamage level was significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.031) more severe than in 179 males with normal S-tryptase. In contrast, there were more frequently subjects (<i>n</i> = 12) with past or present skin cancer (basal or squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma) in 14 females with elevated S-tryptase than in 186 female controls. So far, no explanation has been found for the elevated S-tryptase. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There are significant associations between elevated S-tryptase and skin carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear and gender differences can exist.

scholarly journals Association of Environmental Arsenic Exposure, Genetic Polymorphisms of Susceptible Genes, and Skin Cancers in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-I Hsu ◽  
Meei-Maan Wu ◽  
Yuan-Hung Wang ◽  
Cheng-Yeh Lee ◽  
Tse-Yen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
And Gender

Deficiency in the capability of xenobiotic detoxification and arsenic methylation may be correlated with individual susceptibility to arsenic-related skin cancers. We hypothesized that glutathione S-transferase (GST M1, T1, and P1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) related metabolic genes (NQO1, EPHX1, and HO-1), and DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD, hOGG1, and ATM) together may play a role in arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-control study consisting of 70 pathologically confirmed skin cancer patients and 210 age and gender matched participants with genotyping of 12 selected polymorphisms. The skin cancer risks were estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using logistic regression. EPHX1 Tyr113His, XPD C156A, and GSTT1 null genotypes were associated with skin cancer risk (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.01–8.83; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99–4.27; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.00–3.02, resp.). However, none of these polymorphisms showed significant association after considering arsenic exposure status. Individuals carrying three risk polymorphisms of EPHX1 Tyr113His, XPD C156A, and GSTs presented a 400% increased skin cancer risk when compared to those with less than or equal to one polymorphism. In conclusion, GSTs, EPHX1, and XPD are potential genetic factors for arsenic-induced skin cancers. The roles of these genes for arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis need to be further evaluated.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

scholarly journals Daily Lifestyle and Cutaneous Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5227
Author(s):  
Yu Sawada ◽  
Motonobu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Daily lifestyle is a fundamental part of human life and its influence accumulates daily in the human body. We observe that a good daily lifestyle has a beneficial impact on our health; however, the actual effects of individual daily lifestyle factors on human skin diseases, especially skin cancers, have not been summarized. In this review, we focused on the influence of daily lifestyle on the development of skin cancer and described the detailed molecular mechanisms of the development or regulation of cutaneous malignancies. Several daily lifestyle factors, such as circadian rhythm disruption, smoking, alcohol, fatty acids, dietary fiber, obesity, and ultraviolet light, are known to be associated with the risk of cutaneous malignancies, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Although the influence of some daily lifestyles on the risk of skin cancers is controversial, this review provides us a better understanding of the relationship between daily lifestyle factors and skin cancers.

scholarly journals Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas with a large pseudocyst of the pancreas as the first manifestation: a rare case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qiu ◽  
Yajie Meng ◽  
Meiqin Lu ◽  
Chuan Tian ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Pancreatic Pseudocysts ◽  
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas with pseudocysts, especially diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), is extremely rare. Case presentation A 64-year-old man was admitted to our department for abdominal distension. Two months ago, he experienced abdominal pain for 1 day and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in another hospital. After admission, laboratory tests showed the following: amylase 400 U/L, lipase 403 U/L, and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) 347 U/mL. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed pancreatitis with a pseudocyst with a diameter measuring 7 cm. During linear EUS, a large pseudocyst (5.4 × 5.2 cm) was observed in the pancreatic body. EUS-FNA was performed. We obtained specimens for histopathology and placed a plastic stent through the pancreas and stomach to drain the pseudocyst. Puncture fluid examination revealed the following: CA19-9 > 12,000 U/mL carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 7097.42 ng/ml, amylase 27,145.3 U/L, and lipase > 6000 U/L. Cytopathology revealed an abnormal cell mass, and cancer was suspected. Furthermore, with the result of immunohistochemistry on cell mass (CK ( +), P40 ( +), p63 ( +), CK7 (−) and Ki-67 (30%)), the patient was examined as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the patient refused surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After drainage, the cyst shrank, but the patient died 3 months after diagnosis due to liver metastasis and multiple organ failure. Conclusion For patients with primary pancreatic pseudocysts with elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels, we should not rule out pancreatic cancer, which may also be a manifestation of primary pancreatic SCC. EUS-FNA is helpful for obtaining histopathology and cytology and thus improving diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals DIAPH1 Is Upregulated and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis through ATR/p53/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiechao Yang ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Juan Zheng ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Poor Overall Survival

Cancer bioinformatics has been used to screen possible key cancer genes and pathways. Here, through bioinformatics analysis, we found that high expression of diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) was associated with poor overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The effect of DIAPH1 in LSCC has not been previously investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the expression, function, and molecular mechanisms of DIAPH1 in LSCC. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis confirmed the significant upregulation of DIAPH1 in LSCC. We used DIAPH1 RNA interference to construct two DIAPH1-knockdown LSCC cell lines, AMC-HN-8 and FD-LSC-1, and validated the knockdown efficiency. Flow cytometry data showed that DIAPH1 inhibited apoptosis. Further, western blot analysis revealed that DIAPH1 knockdown increased the protein levels of ATR, p-p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, -8, and -9. Thus, DIAPH1 is upregulated in LSCC and may act as an oncogene by inhibiting apoptosis through the ATR/p53/caspase-3 pathway in LSCC cells.

scholarly journals Reference intervals for serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidaemia in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Frank Strand ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Ole Petter Hjelle ◽  
Morten Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
And Gender

Aims: Elevated serum lipid concentrations in childhood are thought to be risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease later in life. The present study aims to provide age- and gender-related reference intervals for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol in healthy school children. We also investigated the prevalence of dyslipidaemia using the published criteria for these biomarkers. Methods: Venous blood and anthropometric data were collected from 1340 children in the HOPP study, aged between 6 and 12 years. Age- and gender-related reference intervals (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) were established according to the IFCC recommendations, using the software RefVal 4.10. Results: Gender differences were observed for total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, but not for HDL cholesterol. Age differences were observed for total cholesterol. The reference intervals were in the range of 3.1–5.9 mmol/L for total cholesterol, 1.0–2.4 mmol/L for HDL cholesterol and 1.4–4.2 mmol/L for non-HDL cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia prevalence was as follows: increased TC 9.6%, decreased HDL 1.6%, and increased non-HDL 5.6%. Conclusions: Age- and gender-related reference intervals in a Norwegian population are similar to those reported in other countries. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Norwegian children is significant, emphasising the importance of appropriate reference intervals in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The molecular mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA SBF2-AS1 in regulating the proliferation of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zha ◽  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Xiaowei Tie ◽  
Yao Xing ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphnode Metastasis

AbstractThe long noncoding RNASBF2-AS1 can promote the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumours, but its role in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. We found that SBF2-AS1 was up-regulated in ESCC, and its expression was positively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.0001), but was not related to gender, age, TNM stage, histological grade, and lymphnode metastasis (P > 0.05). It was further found that the higher the expression of SBF2-AS1, the lower the survival rate. COX multivariate analysis showed that the expression of SBF2-AS1 was an independent prognostic factor. Functional experiments show that inhibition of SBF2-AS1 can inhibit the proliferation of ESCC through in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of SBF2-AS1 can promote the proliferation of ESCC and inhibit its apoptosis. In mechanism, SBF2-AS1/miR-338-3P, miR-362-3P/E2F1 axis are involved in the regulation of ESCC growth. In general, SBF2-AS1 may be used as ceRNA to combine with miR-338-3P and miR-362-3P to up-regulate the expression ofE2F1, and ultimately play a role in promoting cancer. It may be used as a therapeutic target and a biomarker for prognosis.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Radiation and Chronic Inflammation—Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in Skin Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ciążyńska ◽  
Irmina Olejniczak-Staruch ◽  
Dorota Sobolewska-Sztychny ◽  
Joanna Narbutt ◽  
Małgorzata Skibińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Skin Cancers

The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.

Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children: Study in an Asian Developing Country

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rapisa Nantanee ◽  
Narissara Suratannon ◽  
Pantipa Chatchatee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Tryptase ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Geographical Regions

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Food allergy is the major cause of pediatric anaphylaxis. Characteristics and triggers may be different in different geographical regions. Studies focusing on food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) in Asian developing countries are limited. Our study aimed to study characteristics of FIA in a tertiary care center in an Asian developing country. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective review of pediatric anaphylaxis admission and outpatient visit at a tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand during 2008–2018 was performed. Data regarding clinical presentation, place reaction occurred, time of onset, investigations (serum tryptase, specific immunoglobulin E, and skin test), treatment, and follow-up periods were collected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred seventy-four anaphylaxis admission records of which 61 episodes of FIA were retrieved. Data from outpatients visit consisted of 17 patients. Most patients were male (76.7%). The median age was 7.1 years (interquartile range 1.9–12.4). The major causes of FIA were shrimp/shellfish (37%), wheat (15.1%), and cow’s milk (11%). Food causing anaphylaxis varied according to age-group: infants had anaphylactic reactions to egg, wheat, and cow’s milk, preschools to wheat and peanut, and older children to shrimp/shellfish. Cutaneous manifestations occurred in all patients, followed by lower respiratory tract symptoms (83.6%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (50.8%). There was no biphasic anaphylaxis reported. Elevated serum tryptase was found in only 4 patients (7%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Recognizing characteristics of pediatric FIA is crucial. The common causes of FIA in our study in Asian children were egg in infants, wheat and peanut in preschool children, and shrimp/shellfish in school-age children and adolescents. Skin manifestation presented in all patients with FIA.

scholarly journals A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin Subsequent to Subcutaneous Foreign Body

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
P Anwar ◽  
S Mubashir ◽  
I Hassa ◽  
T Arif
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Transposition Flap ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Flap Closure ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is one of the most common non melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), along with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Besides ultraviolet radiation, the role of exposure to industrial agents, ionizing radiation and areas of chronic inflammation is associated with the development of SCC. SCC may also be associated with foreign bodies. We report a rare case of cutaneous SCC in an elderly Kashmiri female, developing subsequent to subcutaneous non metallic foreign body, which was successfully excised with negative margins, and transposition flap closure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10604 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.53-55

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