scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in Late-Onset Schizophrenia: Viewing from the Standpoint of the Microglia Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akira Monji ◽  
Yoshito Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Neuroimmune System ◽  
Over 40 Years

Schizophrenia develops mainly in adolescence, but late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is not uncommon. According to the international consensus, schizophrenia which develops over 40 years old is called LOS and psychosis which develops over 60 years old is called very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOS). Compared to early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) that develops before the age of 40 years, LOS and VLOS are reported to be more common in women, and there are clinically clear differences such as less involvement of genetic factors than EOS. This review outlines the abnormalities of the neuroimmune system in the pathophysiology of LOS, especially focusing on the role of microglia.

Exploring the Role of Aggregated Proteomes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1173
Author(s):  
Siju Ellickal Narayanan ◽  
Nikhila Sekhar ◽  
Rajalakshmi Ganesan Rajamma ◽  
Akash Marathakam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
T Tau

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder and one of the most common causes of dementia and death. AD can be of two types; early-onset and late-onset, where late-onset AD occurs sporadically while early-onset AD results from a mutation in any of the three genes that include amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN 1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN 2). Biologically, AD is defined by the presence of the distinct neuropathological profile that consists of the extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the form of diffuse neuritic plaques, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads; in dystrophic neuritis, consisting of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Elevated levels of (Aβ), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (ptau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have become an important biomarker for the identification of this neurodegenerative disease. The aggregation of Aβ peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein initiates a series of events that involve inflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation and its deposition, in addition to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration, ultimately resulting in dementia. The current review focuses on the role of proteomes in the pathogenesis of AD.

Case Series With Late-Onset Psychosis Hospitalized in a Geriatric Psychiatry Unit in Turkey: Experience in 9 Years

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesne Alici-Evcimen ◽  
Turan Ertan ◽  
Engin Eker
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Thought Insertion ◽  
Psychiatry Department ◽  
Paranoid Psychosis

In this article we report the first series of Turkish inpatients with late-onset psychosis, and describe our 9-year experience at the only inpatient geriatric psychiatry department in Turkey. Among 420 patients hospitalized between 1993 and 2002, 27 were psychotic. In this group, eight patients were diagnosed as having late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) and six very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP). Five patients had early-onset schizophrenia and eight had delusional disorder. Females were more frequently seen in the group with LOS and the group with VLOSLP. Except for one patient with LOS, all patients with VLOSLP and LOS had paranoid psychosis. Nihilistic delusions, delusions of poverty or guilt, thought withdrawal, thought insertion, and thought broadcasting were not seen in any of the patients. Additionally, none of the LOS or VLOSLP patients showed erotomanic delusions. Grandiose and mystic delusions were not seen in those with VLOSLP. Treatment results and antipsychotic dosages at discharge were similar to those in previous reports from other cultures.

scholarly journals The Missing Heritability of Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia: New Insights from Rare Variants in Neurodegenerative Candidate Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Ciani ◽  
Cristian Bonvicini ◽  
Catia Scassellati ◽  
Matteo Carrara ◽  
Carlo Maj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Missing Heritability

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common form of dementia among early-onset cases. Several genetic factors for FTD have been revealed, but a large proportion of FTD cases still have an unidentified genetic origin. Recent studies highlighted common pathobiological mechanisms among neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated a panel of candidate genes, previously described to be associated with FTD and/or other neurodegenerative diseases by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). We focused our study on sporadic FTD (sFTD), devoid of disease-causing mutations in GRN, MAPT and C9orf72. Since genetic factors have a substantially higher pathogenetic contribution in early onset patients than in late onset dementia, we selected patients with early onset (<65 years). Our study revealed that, in 50% of patients, rare missense potentially pathogenetic variants in genes previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Lewy body dementia (GBA, ABCA7, PARK7, FUS, SORL1, LRRK2, ALS2), confirming genetic pleiotropy in neurodegeneration. In parallel, a synergic genetic effect on FTD is suggested by the presence of variants in five different genes in one single patient. Further studies employing genome-wide approaches might highlight pathogenic variants in novel genes that explain the still missing heritability of FTD.

White matter hyperintensity volume in late-onset and early-onset schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rivkin ◽  
Michael Kraut ◽  
Patrick Barta ◽  
James Anthony ◽  
Amelia M Arria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Different Profile of Serum Leptin between Early Onset and Late Onset Preeclampsia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Salimi ◽  
Farzaneh Farajian-Mashhadi ◽  
Anoosh Naghavi ◽  
Mojgan Mokhtari ◽  
Mahnaz Shahrakipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Aim. This study was designed to clarify the role of leptin and adiponectin in preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and different subtypes of preeclampsia.Method. This case control study was performed in 45 PE patients and 45 healthy controls matched for age, BMI, and ethnicity. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. Maternal serum leptin and adiponectin were significantly higher in PE women than controls. Serum leptin was elevated in early onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and late onset preeclampsia (LOPE) compared to controls. Among PE patients, serum leptin was higher in EOPE than LOPE women. However, serum adiponectin was not different between EOPE and LOPE women. The serum leptin was significantly higher in severe PE than mild PE. The serum adiponectin was significantly elevated in severe PE compared to controls. Significant positive correlation was observed between leptin and adiponectin and also between leptin and BMI in controls. Moreover significant positive correlation was observed between adiponectin and BMI in PE patients and controls.Conclusion. The present study showed that serum leptin level may play a significant role as a biomarker to differentiate early and late onset PE and also its relation to BMI and severity of disease.

scholarly journals Independent living skills and cognition in early-onset and late-onset of schizophrenia patients: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol LII (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Abdullina ◽  
Mariya A. Savina ◽  
Georgij E. Rupchev ◽  
Margarita A. Morozova ◽  
Valeriya V. Pochueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Independent Living Skills ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
Sequencing Task

Aim. To evaluate cognitive functions and independent living skills in patients with late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) compared to patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). Methods. The study included two clinical groups: 8 EOS patients (M=51.37.2; 7 males) and 8 LOS patients (M=67.89.9; 8 females), with comparable illness duration (22.69.1 and 19.911.9 respectively). Cognitive functions were assessed through the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). The Autonomy Assessment Scale (AS) was used to measure independent living skills. The MannWhitney U-test was applied to determine differences between groups. Results. LOS group performed significantly better on Digit Sequencing Task, Verbal Fluency and Tower Test of the BACS. Composite score on AS was also significantly better in LOS group along with better scores on AS`s subscales assessing primarily social skills. Conclusion. LOS patients have milder cognitive dysfunction along with better independent living and social skills compared to AOS patients.

Late-Onset and Early-Onset Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1382-b-1383
Author(s):  
RAYMOND LEVY
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia

Novel Rare SORL1 Variants in Early-Onset Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anita Korpioja ◽  
Johanna Krüger ◽  
Susanna Koivuluoma ◽  
Katri Pylkäs ◽  
Virpi Moilanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Rare variants of SORL1 have been associated with an increased risk of early-onset or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a lot remains to be clarified about their significance in the pathogenesis of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the role of SORL1 variants among Finnish patients with early-onset AD (EOAD). Methods: The rare SORL1variants were screened in a cohort of 115 Finnish EOAD patients (mean age at onset 58.3 years, range 46–65 years) by using the whole-exome sequencing. Results: We found one novel nonsense variant (p.Gln290 *) and eight missense variants in SORL1. This is the first study reporting the SORL1 variants p.Lys80Arg, p.Ala789Val and p.Arg866Gln in EOAD patients. Furthermore, two of these three missense variants were overrepresented in EOAD patients compared to gnomAD non-neuro Finnish samples. Conclusion: This study strengthens the earlier findings, that the rare variants in SORL1 are associated with EOAD.

scholarly journals CNVs and Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Patients With Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Genotype-Phenotype Associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojka Gregoric Kumperscak ◽  
Danijela Krgovic ◽  
Maja Drobnic Radobuljac ◽  
Nina Senica ◽  
Andreja Zagorac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Molecular Karyotyping ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Chromosomal Aneuploidy ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
Genetic Loading ◽  
Or Genes

Introduction: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and bipolar disorder (EOB) start before the age of 18 years and have a more severe clinical course, a worse prognosis, and a greater genetic loading compared to the late-onset forms. Copy number variations (CNVs) are an important genetic factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze CNVs in patients with EOS and EOB and to establish genotype-phenotype relationships for contiguous gene syndromes or genes affected by identified CNVs.Methods: Molecular karyotyping was performed in 45 patients, 38 with EOS and seven with EOB hospitalized between 2010 and 2017. The exclusion criteria were medical or neurological disorders or IQ under 70. Detected CNVs were analyzed according to the standards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics.Result: Molecular karyotyping showed CNVs in four patients with EOS (encompassing the PAK2, ADAMTS3, and ADAMTSL1 genes, and the 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome) and in two patients with EOB (encompassing the ARHGAP11B and PRODH genes). In one patient with EOB, a chromosomal aneuploidy 47, XYY was found.Discussion: Our study is the first study of CNVs in EOS and EOB patients in Slovenia. Our findings support the association of the PAK2, ARHGAP11B, and PRODH genes with schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of a multiplication of the ADAMTSL1 gene and the smallest deletion of the PAK2 gene in a patient with EOS, and one of the few reports of the 47, XYY karyotype in a patient with EOB.

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