Association of Hypertension with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Population from Less-Developed Areas of Multiethnic Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Mulalibieke Heizhati ◽  
Nanfang Li ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Jing Hong ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Relationship between hypertension and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains undetermined in population from less-developed regions. We aimed to explore whether hypertension is associated with MCI in this specific population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled subjects aged ≥18 years using multistage random sampling from Emin, China, in 2019. Participants underwent questionnaires and data collection including mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and blood pressure measurement. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Finally, 31,329 subjects were included, with 11,270 hypertensives. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensives were characterized by significantly older age (55.19 ± 12.25 vs. 43.26 ± 12.71), more men (52.5% vs. 42.9%), low education attainment (≤primary education: 42.4% vs. 26.3%), more abdominal obesity (39.7% vs. 19.1%), poor sleep quality (39.1% vs. 28.7%), and chronic kidney disease (6.6% vs. 3.4%, <i>p</i> for all &#x3c;0.001). Prevalence of MCI in hypertensives was significantly higher than that of normotensive subjects (24.3% vs. 15.6%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed in a fully adjusted model that the odds for MCI were significantly increased in hypertensives than in normotensive population (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.30, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and independent of all the parameters studied including age, education level, and stroke. In the age-stratified regression model, presence of hypertension significantly increased the odds of MCI by 1.17-fold (95% CI: 1.03, 1.33, <i>p</i> = 0.020) and by 1.22-fold (95% CI: 1.04, 1.44, <i>p</i> = 0.016) in middle-aged and elderly population. Sensitivity analysis of excluding those with stroke history showed that hypertension was still a risk factor for MCI in total, middle-aged, and elderly population. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Hypertension is in independent negative association with MCI in middle-aged and elderly population from underdeveloped regions.

scholarly journals The Paradoxical Effect of Living Alone on Cognitive Reserve and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Women Aged 60+ in Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10939
Author(s):  
Antonio R. Villa ◽  
Elsa Guerrero ◽  
Ana M. Villa ◽  
Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas ◽  
María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

An elderly person who lives alone must often be autonomous and self-sufficient in daily living activities. We explored if living alone and marital status were associated with mild cognitive impairment and low cognitive reserve in a sample of Mexican women aged 60+ attending continuing education courses using a cross-sectional design. Objective cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE and Blessed Dementia Scale. We administered the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Independence skills were assessed with the Katz index and Lawton index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. We recruited 269 participants (x¯ = 69.0 ± 5.8 years). Single, widowed, separated, and divorced women comprised 73% of the participants. A third lived alone and 84% had completed high school. Mild cognitive deficit was observed among 24.5–29.0%; the upper range for cognitive reserve was 61.7%. Living alone versus living with someone was associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.51, p = 0.04) and with low to medium cognitive reserve (OR = 0.51, p = 0.02) after adjusting for confounding variables. Living alone was an independent factor associated with a lower probability of displaying mild cognitive impairment and a higher probability of displaying high cognitive reserve. Women living alone in this study had a more robust cognitive framework and had built their own support networks.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of office blood pressure compared to home blood pressure in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne AA de Heus ◽  
Maxime V Tumelaire ◽  
Marcel GM Olde Rikkert ◽  
Jurgen AHR Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Home Blood Pressure ◽  
Office Blood Pressure ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension and cognitive impairment often coexist in older people. Office blood pressure measurement is a poor indicator for diagnosing hypertension in the general population. However, its diagnostic accuracy has not been substantially studied in patients with cognitive impairment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of misdiagnosis of hypertension in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia compared to no cognitive impairment, by comparing office blood pressure measurement with home blood pressure measurement. Methods: A cross-sectional study including consecutive patients visiting a memory clinic between 2014 and 2017. Home blood pressure was measured for one week according to the European guidelines. Office blood pressure was assessed during routine clinical practice. Using guideline definitions for normal blood pressure and hypertension, we investigated the proportion of disagreement between office blood pressure measurement and home blood pressure measurement. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression compared disagreement in diagnosis between patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment and no cognitive impairment. Results: Of 213 patients (aged 73.4±9.0 years, 42% women) 82 had dementia, 65 had mild cognitive impairment and 66 had no cognitive impairment. Mean office blood pressure was 156/84±23/11 mmHg and mean home blood pressure was 139/79±16/10 mmHg. In 31% of patients, there was disagreement in hypertension diagnosis. This proportion was higher for mild cognitive impairment (38.5%) and dementia (35.4%) compared to no cognitive impairment (18.2%), with adjusted odds ratios of 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.5–9.0), P=0.005 for mild cognitive impairment and 3.4 (1.3–8.6), P=0.011 for dementia. Conclusions: In memory clinic patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, the diagnostic accuracy of office blood pressure measurement is lower compared to patients without cognitive impairment. To avoid the risk of making improper treatment decisions in this vulnerable group, a diagnosis of hypertension should be based on home blood pressure measurement, not office blood pressure measurement.

scholarly journals Relationship of tooth loss to mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged Mongolians: Mon-Timeline study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Urangoo Ganbaatar ◽  
Oyuntuya Gantulga ◽  
Puntsagdulam Byambajav ◽  
Maralgua Och ◽  
Ganjargal Ganburged ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Relationship Of

Cognitive impairment is common in elderly people, so it is considered an ageing disorder. However, cognitive decline, including dementia, can also occur in middle-aged people. Cognitive impairment is associated with multiple risk factors. We hypothesised that tooth loss might also be a potential risk factor among Mongolians, as oral health problems are one of the significant health issues in Mongolia, especially in middle-aged people. In this cross-sectional study, we used the baseline data from the Mon-Timeline cohort study, including people older than 40 years of age (n=279). The amount of tooth loss was assessed by a trained researcher. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined as those participants scoring a total of £ 24 points based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Unadjusted analysis showed that having more tooth loss (>10) increased the risk of MCI by an odds ratio of 3.03 (1.49-6.17), as compared with having less tooth loss (£10). Even after adjusting for covariates, the association remained significant, suggesting that tooth loss is associated with MCI risk, independent of age, education, and other socioeconomic factors. There was no significant interaction effect of age in the association between tooth loss and MMSE scores. In conclusion, tooth loss may play a role in developing cognitive decline, especially in the early onset of dementia. Further studies are needed to investigate whether early tooth loss at younger ages is associated with dementia, especially among middle-aged people.

scholarly journals Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in primary care and correlates with mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Klejda Harasani ◽  
Delina Xhafaj ◽  
Anxhela Begolli ◽  
Maria C. Olvera-Porcel
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Inappropriate Prescriptions

Background: Potentially inappropriate prescribing is clearly associated with adverse health consequences among older people. Nevertheless, scarce evidence exists regarding the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in Albania, a Western Balkans country. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PIP among older Albanian patients in primary care and to determine the associated sociodemographic and medical factors, including the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Cross-sectional study in two primary healthcare centers located in two different cities of Albania, a middle-income country in the Western Balkans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool was applied to evaluate MCI. PIPs were assessed by two trained pharmacists using the Beers criteria 2019 update. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for possible risk factors predicting PIP in the study population. Results: At least one PIP was identified among 40.23 % of the participants (174 older patients) and 10.35 % had more than one PIP. MCI was detected among 79.31 % of the patients. The most commonly represented drug groups in PIP were diuretics (24.71 %), benzodiazepines in the presence of MCI and antidepressants (both 8.62 %). The lack of electrolytes monitoring was the most common reason for PIP. According to the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant association observed was between PIP and number of drugs prescribed [three to four drugs (OR 3.34; 95% CI 1.65:6.76), five or more than five drugs (OR 4.08; 95% CI 1.42:11.69)]. Conclusions: About four out of 10 older Albanian patients experience PIP in primary care. Further studies are needed for a comprehensive estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with PIP, particularly among elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Subjective and Objective Methods to Measure the Physical Activity of Non-Depressed Middle-Aged Healthy Subjects with Normal Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8042
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Makarewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Maria Wasiewicz-Gajdzis ◽  
Joanna Bajerska ◽  
Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function

This study compared subjective and objective methods of measuring different categories of physical activity in non-depressed middle-aged subjects with normal cognitive function (NCF) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In total, 75 participants (NCF: n = 48, MCI: n = 27) were recruited and physical activity was assessed for seven days using the ActiGraph and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric parameters, body compositions, resting metabolic rate, and energy expenditure were also assessed. ActiGraph data indicated that subjects with NCF were more active than MCI subjects. A comparison of the IPAQ and the ActiGraph data revealed a significant correlation between these methods for total (r = 0.3315, p < 0.01) and moderate (r = 0.3896, p < 0.01) physical activity in the total population and moderate activity (r = 0.2893, p < 0.05) within the NCF group. No associations between these methods were found within the MCI group. Independent predictors of subjectively evaluated total physical activity were alcohol consumption (p = 0.0358) and socio-professional status (p = 0.0288), while weight (p = 0.0285) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment results (p = 0.0309) were independent predictors of objectively measured physical activity. In conclusion, the long version of IPAQ is a more reliable tool to assess PA in subjects with NCF than those with MCI. More studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Association of Circulating Cholesterol Level with Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-based Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Yujie Guo ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Xiaochen Huang ◽  
Zhuoheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: The present study was designed to examine the association of circulating cholesterol with cognitive function in non-demented community aging adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 1754 Chinese adults aged 55-80 years. The association between serum cholesterol levels and cognitive function was examined. Participants were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of circulating TC (total cholesterol), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and HDLc/ LDL-c ratio. The difference in cognitive performance among the groups was compared. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: Mild increase of serum LDL-c level correlated with better visual and executive, language, memory and delayed recall abilities. Higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels were found to be associated with poorer cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects. Higher circulating TC, HDL-c and HDL/LDL ratio indicated an increased risk of MCI, especially in female subjects. Conclusion: Slight increase in circulating LDL-c level might benefit cognitive function in aging adults. However, higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels might indicate a decline of cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects.

Cross-Sectional Examination of Homocysteine Levels with Sarcopenia and Its Components in Memory Clinic Outpatients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Fumie Kinoshita ◽  
Chi Hsien Huang ◽  
Taiki Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Homocysteine is a common risk factor for cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. However, very few studies have shown an association between sarcopenia and serum homocysteine levels after adjustment for cognitive function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine and sarcopenia in memory clinic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated outpatients in a memory clinic. We enrolled 1,774 participants (≥65 years old) with measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), hand grip strength (HGS), and homocysteine. All participants had undergone cognitive assessments and were diagnosed with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. Patient characteristics were compared according to sarcopenia presence, SMI level, or HGS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of homocysteine with sarcopenia, low SMI, or low HGS. Next, linear regression analysis was performed using HGS as a continuous variable. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that low HGS was significantly associated with homocysteine levels (p = 0.002), but sarcopenia and low SMI were not. In linear regression analysis, HGS was negatively associated with homocysteine levels after adjustment for Mini-Mental State Examination score (β= –2.790, p <  0.001) or clinical diagnosis of dementia (β= –3.145, p <  0.001). These results were similar for men and women. Conclusion: Our results showed a negative association between homocysteine and HGS after adjustment for cognitive function. Our findings strengthen the assumed association between homocysteine and HGS. Further research is needed to determine whether lower homocysteine levels lead to prevent muscle weakness.

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