scholarly journals New association between idiopathic scoliosis and Luckenschadel skull (lacunar skull)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
New Association ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Spinal Mri ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Luckenschadel skull is a skull that is radiologically characterized by lacunae in the cranial vault. To date, although the association between neurological abnormalities and scoliosis is well-recognized, no relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and a lacunar skull has been defined. We explored the incidence and time courses of lacunar skulls in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and Methods: Spinal X-rays of 3,170 children aged 6 to 16 years with idiopathic scoliosis evaluated from October 2010 to August 2020 were examined for the presence of an irregular inner calvarial table indicative of a Luckenschadel skull. A total of 1,760 (55.5%) of the 3,170 images included the skull. We also explored the frequency of intraspinal abnormalities in children with lacunar skull images who underwent spinal magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The study population consisted of 1,760 children, 1,203 girls (68.4%) and 557 (31.6%) boys. A total of 268 (15.2%) clearly evidenced lacunar skulls in their radiographs; 186 (69.4%) girls(11.3±4.3 years) and 82 (30.6%) boys(12.6±3.3 years). In total, 2 of 56 patients (3.6%) who underwent spinal MRI had intraspinal abnormalities (isolated Chiari malformation-I). No additional neurological problems were detected in children with lacunar skulls. Conclusion: We are the first to report that the lacunar skull is very common in children with idiopathic scoliosis who lack any other neurological pathology. The lacunar skull does not disappear even in adolescence. Although previous publications have stated that lacunar skull disappears over time in radiographic images, we found that it became more noticeable over time in children with scoliosis.

scholarly journals 405 Radiological Analysis of Gentamicin Eluting Synthetic Bone Graft Substitute Used in The Management of Gustilo IIIB Open Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aljawadi ◽  
I Madhi ◽  
T Naylor ◽  
M Elmajee ◽  
A Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Synthetic Bone Graft

Abstract Background Management of traumatic bone void associated with Gustilo IIIB open fractures is challenging. Gentamicin eluting synthetic bone graft substitute (Cerament-G) had been recently utilised for the management of patients with these injuries. This study aims to assess radiological signs of Cerament-G remodelling. Method Retrospective data analysis of all patients admitted to our unit with IIIB open fractures who had Cerament-G applied as avoid filler. Postoperative radiographic images of the fracture site at 6-weeks, 3-months, 6-months and at the last follow-up were reviewed. The radiological signs of Cerament-G integration, percent of void healing, and bone cortical thickness at the final follow-up were assessed. Results 34 patients met our inclusion criteria, mean age: 42 years. Mean follow-up time was 20 months. 59% of patients had excellent (>90%) void filling, 26.4% of patients had 50-90% void filling, and 14.6% had < 50% void filling. Normal bone cortical thickness was restored on AP and Lateral views in 55.8% of patients. No residual Cerement-G was seen on X-rays at the final follow-up in any of the patients. Conclusions Our results showed successful integration of Cerament-G with excellent void filling and normal cortical thickness achieved in more than half of the patients.

scholarly journals Clinical and echocardiographic trends in percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Koren ◽  
Asaf Israeli ◽  
Ehud Rozner ◽  
Nassem Darawshy ◽  
Yoav Turgeman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Procedural Success ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The prevalence of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis (MS) has significantly changed over the last decades. We intend to examine patient demographics, Echocardiographic characteristics, procedural success rates, and complications throughout 30-years. Methods We conducted a single-center descriptive observational study. The study population consists of patients undergone percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) at Emek Medical Center in Israel from January 1990 to May 2019. Results Four hundred seventeen patients underwent PBMV during the study period and were eligible for the study. Age did not change significantly over time (p = 0.09). The prevalence of Male and patients who were smoking and had multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease became increases over time (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, and p = 0.001, respectively). Wilkins score and all its components increased over time, and the total score was higher in females (p = 0.01). Seventy-nine (18.9%) patients had complications. The rate of complications did not change over decades. Patients with Wilkins score > 8, post-procedural MR of ≥2, and post-procedural MVA < 1.5 had the highest risk for the need of Mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery in 2 years following PBMV (3.64, 4.03, 2.44, respectively, CI 95%, p < .0001 for all). The median time in these patients was 630 days compared to 4–5 years in the entire population. Patients with Post-procedural MR of ≥2 and post-procedural MVA < 1.5 had ten times risk for developing heart failure (HR 9.07 and 10.06, respectively, CI 95%, P < .0001). Conclusion Our research reveals trends over time in patients’ characteristics and echocardiographic features. Our study population consists of more male patients with multiple comorbidities and more complex and calcified valvular structures in the last decade. Wilkins score > 8, post-procedural MR of ≥2, and post-procedural MVA < 1.5 cm2 were in-depended predictors for the time for surgery and heart failure hospitalization.

Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

Changes in the contents of corporate codes of ethics: an institutional interpretation

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine changes in the contents of Canadian corporate codes of ethics over a period of two decades from an institutionalization perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper tracks changes in the contents of the codes of large Canadian corporations longitudinally by analyzing their contents at two points over two decades, in 1992 and 2012. In particular, the paper tests three hypotheses related to the institutionalization of codes. Findings – It was found that the codes have become more prescriptive, they are more concerned with social responsibility and are more likely to identify their moral and legal authority. Overall, the findings support an institutional interpretation of the observed changes. Research limitations/implications – While large corporations are critical in establishing new and innovative management practices, their selection as the study population limits the generalizabilty of the findings. Another limitation of this paper is that it used an a priori determined set of items to analyze the contents of the codes and while this was needed to facilitate the comparison across time, it also meant that some important items were not clearly identified. Originality/value – Codes of ethics are the foundation of ethics programs in corporations and their contents could be critical in the development of a culture of ethics in corporations. This paper makes a valuable contribution to research on business ethics by analyzing the codes of ethics of the largest corporations in Canada at two points over two decades. The need to track changes in corporate codes of ethics over time has been advocated by several researchers, but longitudinal studies in this area are rare.

P107 Can a computer sense the symptoms of osteoarthritis from a radiograph? Initial findings from a pilot, AI approach to osteoarthritis assessment

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Fuggle ◽  
Diogo Pinto Pereira ◽  
Elaine M Dennison ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Sasan Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background/Aims  Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and is associated with substantial morbidity for the affected individual and a significant financial burden for the health system at large. There is a marked discrepancy between the extent of osteoarthritis observed via plain radiography and the magnitude of clinical symptoms. For this reason we aimed to investigate whether, using an artificial intelligence approach, we could train an algorithm to diagnose osteoarthritis and if we were able to find correlations between clinical symptoms and radiographic images. Methods  Anterior-posterior and lateral radiographic images of the knees and hips were ascertained from members of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS, a group of community-dwelling older adults in the UK) and were merged with anterior-posterior knee X-rays obtained from Mendeley (a repository of open-access images). The HCS contributed 1,445 images, which were equally split into training and testing sets, and the Mendeley cohort provided 2,889 training and 828 testing radiographs. The radiographic images were passed through a detection network in order to identify the region of interest (the knee or hip joint), thereby streamlining the necessary information in the image. Next, a classification network was trained with the goal of differentiating the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade for each joint. Finally, the clinical symptoms and radiographic grading was subject to pairwise correlation, using Spearman rank-order correlation. Results  The HCS sample included 222 males and 221 females with a mean age of 76 years (SD 2.6). In terms of detection of the join, an average accuracy of 99% was achieved. The classification task utilised alternative evaluation metrics, with the best network achieving 58% accuracy, 63% average precision and 61% average recall in the KL grading task. Superior results were obtained with knee joints than hips. However, when using the dichotomous outcomes of ‘osteoarthritis’ (defined by a KL ≥ 2) or ‘no osteoarthritis’, the results significantly improved, obtaining an accuracy of 81.2%. Significant correlations were observed between the majority of pain symptoms and the radiograph images, with the strongest correlations seen at the knees with; pain going up or down stairs (rho 0.30), pain standing upright (rho 0.30), pain walking on hard surface (rho 0.28), pain walking on uneven surface (rho 0.31) and pain standing from chair (rho -0.30). Conclusion  To conclude, in this pilot study, we have trained an algorithm, to diagnose osteoarthritis of the knees and hips with limited accuracy. We have also demonstrated moderate correlations with some specific pain symptoms. It will be interesting to see whether these initial findings are replicated as we expand this project into other cohorts. Disclosure  N.R. Fuggle: None. D. Pinto Pereira: None. E.M. Dennison: None. C. Cooper: None. S. Mahmoodi: None.

scholarly journals The level of satisfaction among orthodontic removable appliances patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Nadhirah Kamaludin Latifi ◽  
Ida Ayu Evangelina ◽  
Sri Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Removable Appliances ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is like many other psychological concepts, it is easy to understand but hard to define. The concept of satisfaction overlaps with similar themes such as happiness, contentment, and quality of life. Satisfaction is not some pre-existing phenomenon waiting to be measured, but a judgment that people form over time as they reflect on their experience. A simple and practical definition of satisfaction would be the degree to which desired goals have been achieved. Methods: The type of this research is descriptive with survey methode. Data is collected through questionnaire with the total sample of 150 respondents. The study population was based on accidental sampling, by which the sample was selected depending on who came to Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung by the researcher during the period of the research. Results: The data is then analyzed using Community Satisfaction Index (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat) or IKM that which shows that 13 out of 14 indicators are still in B grade and overall IKM value of 7.90%, which means that the level of satisfaction has yet not met the expectation among removable appliances patients in Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction among removable appliances patients 0rthodontic are still have not met the patients’ expectation.

scholarly journals The recognition and modelling of a backbone and its deformity

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Markauskas ◽  
Algimantas Juozapavičius ◽  
Kęstutis Saniukas ◽  
Giedrius Bernotavičius
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Thoracic Curve ◽  
Line Centre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Initial Curvature ◽  
Curvature Detection ◽  
Quality Features

In this article the authors present a method for the backbone recognition and modelling. The process of recognition combines some classical techniques (Hough transformation, GVF snakes) with some new (authors present a method for initial curvature detection, which they call the Falling Ball method). The result enables us to identify high-quality features of the spine and to detect the major deformities of backbone: the intercrestal line, centre sacral vertical line, C7 plumbline; as well as angles: proximal thoracic curve, main thoracic curve, thoracolumbar/lumbar. These features are used for measure in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, especially in the case of treatment. Input data are just radiographic images, meet in everyday practice.

scholarly journals Uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws in the correction of Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhao ◽  
Wubo Liu ◽  
Suomao Yuan ◽  
Yonghao Tian ◽  
Xinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Vertebral Rotation ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background In the present study, we reported the clinical use of uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws for the correction of Lenke type 1 adolescent Idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and its safety and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Methods 68 patients with Lenke type 1 AIS were included, among which 38 patients were treated with uniplanar cannulated screws at the concave side of periapical levels and multiaxial screws at the other levels (group A). Moreover, the remaining 30 patients were treated with all multiaxial screws (group B). The preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters of the Lenke type 1 AIS, axial vertebral rotation, and the safety of the pedicle screws were evaluated by X-rays and computed tomography (CT). Results Preoperative data was comparable between two groups. The postoperative proximal thoracic (PT) curve, main thoracic (MT) curve, thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve, and apical vertebral rotation were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data. The coronal correction rates in group A and B were 83% and 81.9%, respectively (P > 0.05). The derotation rates in group A and B were 60.8% and 43.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The rotation classification in the group A was also better compared with the group B. The misplacement rate in group A and B was 7.9% and 11.8%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the total misplacement rate on the concave side (11.4%) was higher than that of convex side (8.4%). The lateral perforation was found at the concave side, while the medial perforation was found at the convex side. On the concave side, the misplacement rate in group A and B was 9.7% and 12.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). The grades 2 and 3 perforations were three (3.5%) in the group A and eight (8.2%) in the group B (P < 0.05). On the convex side, the misplacement rate in group A and B was 5.9% and 11.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). The grades 2 and 3 perforations were one (0.9%) in the group A and four (4.4%) in the group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Collectively, uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws could effectively increase the accuracy of pedicle screws and facilitate the derotation of the apical vertebra compared with the multiaxial pedicle screws. Trial registration retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Changes in Pharyngeal Width Over Time as an Indicator of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Seungki Baek ◽  
Il Hwan Jung ◽  
Ho Young Lee ◽  
Jimin Song ◽  
Eunsil Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Serial Measurements ◽  
Over Time

Objective To verify the pharyngeal width at rest as a measurement that could be used to assess changes in the degree of dysphagia over time in stroke patients.Methods In a cohort of stroke patients, we performed serial measurements of the pharyngeal width at the midpoints of the second (C2) and third (C3) cervical vertebral bodies using lateral neck X-rays while the patients were at rest. The JOSCYL width, a parameter named after the first initial of each developers’ surname and defined as the average value of the upper and lower pharyngeal widths, was used to formulate the JOSCYL scale, which was calculated as the JOSCYL width × 100/neck circumference. All patients also underwent serial videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs). The Spearman correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the serial VFSS results, JOSCYL widths, and JOSCYL scale values.Results Over time, we observed significant positive and negative correlations of change in the JOSCYL width and scale with changes in the Penetration-Aspiration Scale and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale scores, respectively.Conclusion The JOSCYL width and JOSCYL scale clearly reflected changes in dysphagia in stroke patients over time. These parameters may provide an easier method for evaluating whether post-stroke dysphagia has been alleviated.

scholarly journals Radiolucent lines are decreased at 3 years following total knee arthroplasty using trabecular metal tibial components

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Mutsuzaki ◽  
Arata Watanabe ◽  
Tomonori Kinugasa ◽  
Kotaro Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Trabecular Metal ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Radiolucent Lines ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Over Time

Objective To analyse location and frequency, and change over time, of radiolucent lines (RLLs) around trabecular metal tibial components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Osteoarthritic knees in patients who had undergone TKA were retrospectively evaluated via analysis of RLLs on anteroposterior and lateral X-rays obtained at 2 and 6 months, and 1, 2 and 3 years following TKA. Results In 125 osteoarthritic knees from 90 patients (mean age, 75.0 ± 6.2; 21 male/69 female), frequency of RLLs around trabecular metal tibial components was generally highest at 2 and 6 months, and 1 year following TKA, then gradually decreased over the 3-year follow-up. Frequency of RLLs around trabecular metal tibial components was greater at the tip of the two pegs, particularly the medial peg, and around the pegs, versus other zones. No postoperative revisions were performed for loosening. Conclusions Over 3 years following TKA, RLLs were most frequently observed up to 1 year, then gradually decreased. RLLs were significantly more frequent in the medial peg zone and zones close to the medial peg than in other zones.

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