scholarly journals Electrical power generation through concentrated solar technology for the southern cities of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3788
Author(s):  
Riyadh Toman Thahab ◽  
Ahmed Toman Thahab
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Electric Capacity ◽  
Direct Normal Irradiance ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Power Shortages

With a continuing mismatch between generating capacity and demand requirements, Iraqi cities are still enduring scheduled power outages. In this work, concentrated solar power (CSP) technology is proposed and designed for Iraqi cities to inject power into distribution networks with the objective of boosting the generating power capacity. Since CSP systems require a preliminary study of the direct normal irradiance (DNI), analyses of monthly data is carried out for each of the candidate cities. This is followed by determination of the amount of solar irradiance that falls on a titled collector per month considering the effects of reflection and diffusion. Finally, a thermal power plant is proposed and simulated using the system advisory model (SAM) per city. Results presented show an encouraging number of metrics and confirm the feasibility of such a plant in southern Iraq. The levelised cost of electricity and capacity factor shows a considerable decrease and increase respectively, when the plant is backed up by a fossil fuel steam cycle under circumstances when a plant loses over 80% of the MW capacity due to drop in solar irradiance. To provide a comparision platform, for each city, a photovolitaic (PV) plant is designed with an indentical electric capacity to that of the CSP plant. Findings from this work confirm that CSP plants can provide a suitstanable and enviroemntl friendly solution to electrical power shortages in the country compared to the current PV trends.

The Influence of Direct Normal Irradiance Variation on the Optimal Parabolic Trough Field Size: A Problem Solved With Technical and Economical Simulations

Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Quaschning ◽  
Rainer Kistner ◽  
Winfried Ortmanns
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Direct Normal Irradiance ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

One of the main problems when designing a solar thermal power plant is to find the optimal parabolic trough field size. Errors made in this context can easily lead into a financial disaster. Simulation tools that handle all aspects of a power plant (technical as well as economical) treat such economical problems as a whole and can be very helpful during the design process. However, even the smartest simulation tool depends significantly on the input parameters, such as the solar irradiance. As a result of the given considerations a new method for estimating the solar field size as a function of the solar irradiance is proposed. Additionally, this paper demonstrates a path to simulate the complexity of a parabolic trough power plant.

scholarly journals Repowering of Thermal Power Plants by Means of a Closed Cycle MHD Topper

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste Bellofatto ◽  
Carlo A. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Product ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Mhd Channel

A repowering approach of existing thermal power plants through closed cycle MHD toppers is presented in this note. In order to maintain the generating capacity of the steam unit at its nominal value, a modification of the boiler allowing an increase of the combustion product mass flow of 1.6–1.8, is calculated. The high value of the electrical power density, when compared with the thermal losses, obtained by the MHD channel indicates that this system is suitable for small/medium scale plants. An electrical power generated by the retrofitted plant of about 2 time the value of the existing unit and a gain in overall efficiency of 5–8 percentage points are obtained.

Influence of Direct Normal Irradiance Variation on the Optimal Parabolic Trough Field Size: A Problem Solved with Technical and Economical Simulations

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Quaschning ◽  
Rainer Kistner ◽  
Winfried Ortmanns
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Direct Normal Irradiance ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

One of the main problems when designing a solar thermal power plant is finding the optimal parabolic trough field size. Errors made in this context can easily lead to financial disaster. Simulation tools that handle all aspects of a power plant (technical as well as economical) treat such economical problems as a whole and can be very helpful during the design process. However, even the smartest simulation tool depends significantly on the input parameters, such as the solar irradiance. As a result of the given considerations, a new method for estimating the optimized solar field size as a function of the solar irradiance is proposed. Additionally, this paper demonstrates a path to simulate the complexity of a parabolic trough power plant.

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Stator Endwall Heat Transfer

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Boyle ◽  
Louis M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Inlet Velocity ◽  
Turbine Vane

Local Stanton numbers were experimentally determined for the endwall surface of a turbine vane passage. A six vane linear cascade having vanes with an axial chord of 13.81 cm was used. Results were obtained for Reynolds numbers based on inlet velocity and axial chord between 73,000 and 495,000. The test section was connected to a low pressure exhaust system. Ambient air was drawn into the test section, inlet velocity was controlled up to a maximum of 59.4 m/sec. The effect of the inlet boundary layer thickness on the endwall heat transfer was determined for a range of test section flow rates. The liquid crystal measurement technique was used to measure heat transfer. Endwall heat transfer was determined by applying electrical power to a foil heater attached to the cascade endwall. The temperature at which the liquid crystal exhibited a specific color was known from a calibration test. Lines showing this specific color were isotherms, and because of uniform heat generation they were also lines of nearly constant heat transfer. Endwall static pressures were measured, along with surveys of total pressure and flow angles at the inlet and exit of the cascade.

scholarly journals Evaluating Energy Generation Capacity of PVDF Sensors: Effects of Sensor Geometry and Loading

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uddin ◽  
Shane Alford ◽  
Syed Mahfuzul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Thickness ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This paper focuses on the energy generating capacity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric material through a number of prototype sensors with different geometric and loading characteristics. The effect of sensor configuration, surface area, dielectric thickness, aspect ratio, loading frequency and strain on electrical power output was investigated systematically. Results showed that parallel bimorph sensor was found to be the best energy harvester, with measured capacitance being reasonably acceptable. Power output increased with the increase of sensor’s surface area, loading frequency, and mechanical strain, but decreased with the increase of the sensor thickness. For all scenarios, sensors under flicking loading exhibited higher power output than that under bending. A widely used energy harvesting circuit had been utilized successfully to convert the AC signal to DC, but at the sacrifice of some losses in power output. This study provided a useful insight and experimental validation into the optimization process for an energy harvester based on human movement for future development.

DEPENDENCE OF THE NOISE LEVEL OF DRY FAN COOLING TOWERS ON THE POWER OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Борисович Тупов ◽  
Айнур Булатович Мухаметов
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Fan Cooling

Сухие вентиляторные градирни тепловых электрических станций могут быть источником превышения санитарных норм на территории станции и в окружающем районе. В статье проведен анализ уровня шума сухих вентиляторных градирен в зависимости от мощности тепловых электрических станций. Получена формула позволяющая определить изменение уровня звука сухих вентиляторных градирен в зависимости от электрической мощности тепловых электрических станций. Dry fan cooling towers of thermal power plants can be a source of exceeding sanitary standards on the territory of the plant and in the surrounding area. The article analyzes the noise level of dry fan cooling towers depending on the power of thermal power plants. A formula has been obtained that makes it possible to determine the change in the sound level of dry fan cooling towers depending on the electrical power of thermal power plants.

scholarly journals RADIONUCLIDE CHARACTERISTICS OF RDE SPENT FUELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihda Husnayani ◽  
Pande Made Udiyani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Neutron Production ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spent Fuel Storage ◽  
Fuel Storage

Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) is a 10 MWth pebble-bed High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor that is planned to be constructed by National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) in Puspiptek complex, Tangerang Selatan. RDE utilizes low enriched UO2 fuel coated by TRISO layers and loaded into the core by means of multipass loading scheme. Determination of radionuclide characteristics of RDE spent fuel; such as activity, thermal power, neutron and photon release rates; are very important because those characteristics are crucial to be used as a base for evaluating the safety of spent fuel handling system and storage tank. This study is aimed to investigate the radionuclide characteristics of RDE spent fuel at the end of cycle and during the first 5 years cooling time in spent fuel storage. The method used to investigate the radionuclide characteristics is burnup calculation using ORIGEN2.1 code. In performing the ORIGEN2.1 calculation, one pebble fuel was assumed to be irradiated in the core for 5 cycles and then decayed for 5 years. At the end of the fifth cycle, it is obtained that the total activity, thermal power, neutron production, and photon release rates from all radionuclides inside one spent fuel are approximately 105.68 curies, 0.41 watts, 2.65 x 103 neutrons/second, and 1.79 x 104 photons/second, respectively. The results for the radionuclides characteristics during the first 5 years cooling time in the spent fuel storage show that the radioactivity characteristics from all radionuclides are rapidly decreasing at the first year and then slowly decreasing at the second until the fifth year of cooling time. The results obtained in this study can provide data for safety evaluation of fuel handling and spent fuel storage, such as the calculation of sourceterm, radiation dose rate, and the determination of radiation shielding.Keywords: RDE, spent fuel, radionuclide activity, thermal power, neutron production, photon releaserates KARAKTERISTIK RADIONUKLIDA DI DALAM BAHAN BAKAR RDE. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) adalah reaktor tipe Reaktor Temperatur Tinggi Berpendingin Gas dengan daya termal 10MW yang akan dibangun oleh BadanTenagaNuklirNasional (BATAN) di kawasanPuspiptek, Tangerang Selatan. RDE menggunakan bahan bakar UO2 yang dilapisi dengan lapisan TRISO dan dimasukkan ke dalam teras RDE menurut skema multipass (5 siklus). Penentuan karakteristik radionuklida di dalam bahan bakar RDE; seperti aktivitas, daya termal, laju produksi neutron dan pelepasan foton; adalah sangat penting karena informasi karakteristik ini diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan evaluasi keselamatan system penanganan dan penyimpanan bahan bakar bekas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik radionuklida bahanbakar RDE setelah 5 siklus dan pada 5 tahun pertama pendinginan ditempat penyimpanan bahan bakar bekas. Metode yang digunakan dalam menghitung karakteristik radionuklida adalah menggunakan program ORIGEN2.1. Satu bola bahan bakar RDE diasumsikan diiradiasi selama 5 siklus dan kemudian meluruh selama 5 tahun. Pada akhir siklus, diperoleh hasil aktivitas total, daya termal, laju produksi neutron dan pelepasan foton dari seluruh radionuklida di dalam satu bola bahan bakar RDE sebesar 105,68 curies, 0,41 watts, 2,65 x 103 neutron/detik, dan 1,79 x 104 foton/detik. Hasil untuk karakteristik radionuklida selama 5 tahun penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik radioktivitas radionuklida menurun dengan cepat pada tahun pertama dan kemudian menurun lebih lambat pada tahun kedua hingga tahun kelima. Hasil perhitungan karakteristik radionuklida dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai basis untuk analisis keselamatan penanganan dan penyimpanan bahan bakarbekas RDE.Kata kunci:RDE, bahan bakar bekas, aktivitas radionuklida, daya termal, produksi neutron, laju foton

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