scholarly journals A hybrid method for traumatic brain injury lesion segmentation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yahya Dawod ◽  
Aniwat Phaphuangwittayakul ◽  
Salita Angkurawaranon
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Brain Hemorrhage ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Segmentation Image

<span>Traumatic brain injuries are significant effects of disability and loss of life. Physicians employ computed tomography (CT) images to observe the trauma and measure its severity for diagnosis and treatment. Due to the overlap of hemorrhage and normal brain tissues, segmentation methods sometimes lead to false results. The study is more challenging to unitize the AI field to collect brain hemorrhage by involving patient datasets employing CT scans images. We propose a novel technique free-form object model for brain injury CT image segmentation based on superpixel image processing that uses CT to analyzing brain injuries, quite challenging to create a high outstanding simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) method. The maintains a strategic distance of the segmentation image to reduced intensity boundaries. The segmentation image contains marked red hemorrhage to modify the free-form object model. The contour labelled by the red mark is the output from our free-form object model. We proposed a hybrid image segmentation approach based on the combined edge detection and dilation technique features. The approach diminishes computational costs, and the show accomplished 96.68% accuracy. The segmenting brain hemorrhage images are achieved in the clustered region to construct a free-form object model. The study also presents further directions on future research in this domain.</span>

Persons With Histories of Traumatic Brain Injury and Problematic Sexual Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110668
Author(s):  
Carrie C. LeMay ◽  
Jill D. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Experiences

Persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) who have engaged in problematic or illegal sexual behavior present with complex assessment and intervention needs yet remain understudied within the empirical literature. In the current exploratory analysis, important differences in adaptive and clinical functioning, adverse childhood experiences, and criminal offense history are examined in 25 persons with previous brain injury, 118 persons with intellectual disability but no known TBI, and 103 persons with no history of brain injury or intellectual disability, all of whom have engaged in problematic sexual behavior and who were residing in secure forensic inpatient care. Group differences were examined using comparisons of means and chi-squares. Results highlight important differences in education and employment experiences, diagnostic presentation, exposure to childhood maltreatment, and justice system involvement and characteristics of their sexual offense victims. Associations with prior literature and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injuries: Unreported and Untreated in an Army Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Escolas ◽  
Margie Luton ◽  
Hamid Ferdosi ◽  
Bianca D Chavez ◽  
Scot D Engel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT Introduction In 2008, it was reported that 19.5% of service members previously deployed experienced a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fifty-seven percent of those did not seek medical care. It was suggested that concerns with seeking care involved confidentiality and career issues. Objective: This study addressed mTBI history, medical treatment history, and stigmas associated with mTBI/concussion. Materials and Methods An anonymous questionnaire was developed. Data collection occurred throughout March 2018 in conjunction with Brain Injury Awareness Month activities. Results All 5,174 volunteers were Army; 86% male; 87% were between 18 and 34 years old; 89% had &lt;14 years in the military; 35% had a combat deployment; and 10% reported having one or more mTBIs in their military careers. Of the Soldiers who reported a concussion, 52% sought medical care. Of those not seeking care, 64% reported they did not think the injury required care, followed by 18% fearing negative impact on their career. Twenty-eight percent who experienced an mTBI versus 11% who have not reported that there is a stigma associated with an mTBI. Conclusions Soldiers sometimes failed to report their suspected concussions and did not seek medical care. Educational efforts may increase reporting of and medical screening for potentially concussive events. Future research to determine the ramifications of unreported and untreated mTBIs/concussions is recommended.

scholarly journals Temporal patterns of microglial activation in white matter following experimental mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth S. Velayudhan ◽  
Nicole Schwab ◽  
Lili-Naz Hazrati ◽  
Anne L. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are a prevalent form of injury that can result in persistent neurological impairments. Microglial activation has become increasingly recognized as a key process regulating the pathology of white matter in a wide range of brain injury and disease contexts. As white matter damage is known to be a major contributor to the impairments that follow mTBI, microglia have rightfully become a common target of investigation for the development of mTBI therapies and biomarkers. Recent work has demonstrated that the efficacy of microglial manipulation as a therapeutic intervention following injury or disease is highly time-sensitive, emphasizing the importance of advancing our understanding of the dynamics of post-mTBI microglial activation from onset to resolution. Current reporting of microglial activation in experimental studies of mTBI is non-standardized, which has limited our ability to identify concrete patterns of post-mTBI microglial activation over time. In this review, we examine preclinical studies of mTBI that report on microglial activation in white matter regions to summarize our current understanding of these patterns. Specifically, we summarize timecourses of post-mTBI microglial activation in white matter regions of the brain, identify factors that influence this activation, examine the temporal relationship between microglial activation and other post-mTBI assessments, and compare the relative sensitivities of various methods for detecting microglial activation. While the lack of replicated experimental conditions has limited the extent of conclusions that can confidently be drawn, we find that microglia are activated over a wide range of timecourses following mTBI and that microglial activation is a long-lasting outcome of mTBI that may resolve after most typical post-mTBI assessments, with the exception of those measuring oligodendrocyte lineage cell integrity. We identify several understudied parameters of post-mTBI microglial activation in white matter, such as the inclusion of female subjects. This review summarizes our current understanding of the progression of microglial activation in white matter structures following experimental mTBI and offers suggestions for important future research directions.

scholarly journals Digital Image Segmentation Using Delaunay Triangulation Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-283
Author(s):  
GU Onoja ◽  
T Aboiyar
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Delaunay Triangulation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Image Features ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Segmentation Image

Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments according to some homogeneity criterion. Different approaches are suited to different types of images and the quality of output of a particular algorithm is difficult to measure quantitatively due to the fact that there may be much “correct” segmentation for a single image. Although the field encounters several challenges, this research work seeks to present a segmentation algorithm for gray intensity images. Image features extraction is first performed to obtain the approximate, if not exact, representation of a given image. Image enhancement was also carried out by exploiting the principle of histogram equalization which is one of the well-known image enhancement techniques. The proposed approach is based on the Delaunay (DT), one of the techniques in computational geometry, which generates clusters of intensity values using information from the vertices of the external boundary of triangulation. This makes it possible to produce segmented image regions. The algorithm was tested on sampled images before and after enhancement and the production compared. Our algorithm successfully extracts cogent features from a given image and made use of the Delaunay Triangulation to carry out segmentation. The method is robust, precise and independent of translation, rotation and scaling and that makes the result quite good for image segmentation. Image segmentation based on Delaunay triangulation technique seem to be a promising future research area with respect to its applicability to underwater mine and submarine detection, better target recognition, medical imaging as well as to automated computer vision.

scholarly journals A Systematic Scoping Review of New Attention Problems Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Stojanovski ◽  
Shannon E. Scratch ◽  
Benjamin T. Dunkley ◽  
Russell Schachar ◽  
Anne L. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: To summarize existing knowledge about the characteristics of attention problems secondary to traumatic brain injuries (TBI) of all severities in children.Methods: Computerized databases PubMed and PsychINFO and gray literature sources were used to identify relevant studies. Search terms were selected to identify original research examining new ADHD diagnosis or attention problems after TBI in children. Studies were included if they investigated any severity of TBI, assessed attention or ADHD after brain injury, investigated children as a primary or sub-analysis, and controlled for or excluded participants with preinjury ADHD or attention problems.Results: Thirty-nine studies were included in the review. Studies examined the prevalence of and risk factors for new attention problems and ADHD following TBI in children as well as behavioral and neuropsychological factors associated with these attention problems. Studies report a wide range of prevalence rates of new ADHD diagnosis or attention problems after TBI. Evidence indicates that more severe injury, injury in early childhood, or preinjury adaptive functioning problems, increases the risk for new ADHD and attention problems after TBI and both sexes appear to be equally vulnerable. Further, literature suggests that cases of new ADHD often co-occurs with neuropsychiatric impairment in other domains. Identified gaps in our understanding of new attention problems and ADHD include if mild TBI, the most common type of injury, increases risk and what brain abnormalities are associated with the emergence of these problems.Conclusion: This scoping review describes existing studies of new attention problems and ADHD following TBI in children and highlights important risk factors and comorbidities. Important future research directions are identified that will inform the extent of this outcome across TBI severities, its neural basis and points of intervention to minimize its impact.

Group Intervention for Adolescents With Chronic Acquired Brain Injury: The Future Zone

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Hickey ◽  
Jennifer N. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges

Introduction: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a common cause of social cognition deficits and psychosocial challenges in adolescents. A group intervention program was designed to support teens with chronic ABI. Method: Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to examine participants' self-knowledge and satisfaction with the program. Results: Results revealed that participants and parents valued increased self-knowledge and an understanding of brain injuries, the focus on friendships and individual strengths, and feelings of togetherness and not being judged. Discussion: Support for strength-based, project-oriented, group intervention programs for adolescents with ABI and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Pro-social Pill? The Potential of Pharmacological Treatments to Improve Social Outcomes After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette D. Semple ◽  
Ramesh Raghupathi
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
The Impact

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-induced disability in young children worldwide, and social behavior impairments in this population are a significant challenge for affected patients and their families. The protracted trajectory of secondary injury processes triggered by a TBI during early life—alongside ongoing developmental maturation—offers an extended time window when therapeutic interventions may yield functional benefits. This mini-review explores the scarce but promising pre-clinical literature to date demonstrating that social behavior impairments after early life brain injuries can be modified by drug therapies. Compounds that provide broad neuroprotection, such as those targeting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal injury and/or myelination, may prevent social behavior impairments by reducing secondary neuropathology. Alternatively, targeted treatments that promote affiliative behaviors, exemplified by the neuropeptide oxytocin, may reduce the impact of social dysfunction after pediatric TBI. Complementary literature from other early life neurodevelopmental conditions such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy also provides avenues for future research in neurotrauma. Knowledge gaps in this emerging field are highlighted throughout, toward the goal of accelerating translational research to support optimal social functioning after a TBI during early childhood.

MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
Intracranial Hematomas

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

Challenges and Opportunities for Neuroimaging in Young Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Coordinated Effort towards Advancing Discovery from the ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Robert F. Asarnow ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Brenda Bartnik-Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Advance Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population; however, research in this population lags behind research in adults. This may be due, in part, to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. Specific developmental issues also warrant attention in studies of children, and the ever-changing context of childhood and adolescence may require larger sample sizes than are commonly available to adequately address remaining questions related to TBI. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate-Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis. In this paper we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.

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