scholarly journals A 2.45 GHz Semi-Flexible wearable antenna for industrial, scientific and medical band applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
N. F. A. Kadir ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
S. A. Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Tan Δ

<span>In this work, a compact size, wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated for the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band applications with the operating frequency at 2.45 GHz. A semi-flexible substrate material which is Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a relative dielectric constant, ε_r of 3, loss tangent, tan δ of 0.010 and thickness, h of 1.52 mm has been proposed to ensure it can be worn on clothes. The antenna has a low-profile feature with 24 × 28 mm2 in dimension. Investigation of the antenna under bending condition on the approximate human arm size is also performed and analysed to ensure that the wearable antenna is applicable for on-body. The bending investigation shows that the initial resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz is shifted to 2.3 GHz. However, the reflection coefficient at 2.45 GHz is still greater than the -10-dB which implies that the antenna is still functional at that particular frequency. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the antenna has also been simulated to examine whether the antenna obeys the SAR limits under the FCC and CNIRP guidelines. The SAR values obtained show that the antenna obeys the standard for 1 mW input power. The SAR value for 1g of human tissue is computed at 0.03999 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10g is at 0.01936W/kg (CNIRP standard: 2 W/kg).</span>

scholarly journals A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
A. A. Rosman ◽  
M. A. Z. A. Rashid ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Flexible Antenna

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at         2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a low-profile feature with dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it a good solution for wearable applications. Bending investigation is also performed over a vacuum cylinder and the diameters are varied at 50 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, that represents the average human arm’s diameter. The bending investigation shows that reflection coefficients for all diameters are almost similar which imply that the antenna will operate at the dual-band resonant frequencies, even in bending condition. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) in CST MWS® software shows that the antenna obeys the FCC and ICNIRP guidelines for 1 mW of input power. The SAR limits at 2.45 GHz for 1 g of human tissue is simulated at 0.271 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is at 0.0551 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: 2 W/kg. On the other hand, the SAR limits at 5.8 GHz are computed at 0.202 W/kg for 1 g and 0.0532 W/kg for 10 g.

scholarly journals Wearable Flexible Antenna for UWB On-Body and Implant Communications

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Mariella Särestöniemi ◽  
Marko Sonkki ◽  
Sami Myllymäki ◽  
Carlos Pomalaza-Raez
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Antenna

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations using the Dassault Simulia CST Studio Suite. A planar tissue layer model, as well as a human voxel model from the human abdominal area, are used to study the antenna characteristics next to human tissues. Power flow analysis is presented to understand the power flow on the body surface as well as within the tissues. Simulation results show that this wearable flexible antenna is suitable for in-body communications in the intestinal area, e.g., for capsule endoscopy, in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and at lower ultra-wideband (UWB). At higher frequencies, the antenna is suitable for on-body communications as well as in-body communications with lower propagation depth requirements. Additionally, an antenna prototype has been prepared and the antenna performance is verified with several on-body measurements. The measurement results show a good match with the simulation results. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a compact size and the flexible substrate material, which makes it feasible and practical for several different medical diagnosis and monitoring applications.

Design of a Compact High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for Tri-Band 5 G Wireless Communication

Frequenz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelaziz ◽  
Ehab K. I. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract In this paper, a Tri-band microstrip-line-fed low profile microstrip patch antenna is proposed for future multi-band 5 G wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna is printed on a compact Rogers RT5880 substrate of dimensions 20×16.5×0.508 mm3 with relative permittivity, εr of 2.2 and loss tangent, tan δ of 0.0009. To improve return loss and bandwidth of the proposed antenna, a partial ground plane technique is employed. The proposed antenna operates at 10, 28, and 38 GHz, three of the selected frequencies which are allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for 5 G mobile communications. To reduce interference between the 5 G system and other systems in the band, a pair of T-shaped slots is etched in the radiating patch to reject unwanted frequency bands. The proposed design provides a gain of 5.67 dB at 10 GHz, 9.33 dB at 28 GHz and 9.57 dB at 38 GHz; the radiation pattern is mostly directional. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using two commercial 3D full-wave software, viz. CST microwave studio and Ansoft HFSS. A prototype of the designed antenna that was fabricated and showed good agreement between the actual measurements of S11 & VSWR and the simulation results using both software.

scholarly journals Design of Flexible 3.2 GHz Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Teguh Praludi ◽  
Yana Taryana ◽  
Ken Paramayudha ◽  
Budi Prawara ◽  
Yusnita Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Conformal Structure ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents the design, simulation, realization and analysis of flexible microstrip patch antenna for S-band applications. The proposed design also adopts the conformal structure by utilizing flexible substrate. Conformal or flexible structure allows the antenna to fit with any specified shape as desired. The antenna patch dimensions is 43 mm × 25 mm without SMA connector. The patch is etched on the flexible dielectric substrate, pyralux FR 9111, with a relative dielectric constant of εr = 3 and the thickness of substrate, h = 0.025 mm. The antenna is designed to resonate at 3.2 GHz. The return loss (RL) of the simulation is -35.80 dB at the center frequency of 3.2 GHz. The fabricated antenna prototype was measured at different bending angles scenarios including 0º, 30º, 60º, and 90º. The measurement of antenna prototype shows that the center frequency is shifted to the higher frequency of 3.29 GHz, compared to the simulation result. Among these scenarios, measurement at bending angle of 90º gives the best performance with RL = - 31.38 dB at 3.29 GHz, the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and the impedance ZA = 48.36 + j2.04 Ω. Despite a slight differences from simulation results, the designed antenna still performs well as expected.

scholarly journals Design of Quad feed end-fire microstrip patch antenna for Airborne Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2062 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
V Gnanalakshmi ◽  
Rahul Raaj ◽  
V Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Collision Avoidance System

Abstract To design a quad feed end-fire microstrip patch antenna for airborne systems. Basically these type of antennas are most helpful for avoiding mid-air collisions between aircraft. The microstrip patch antenna is very small in size and it is less in weight. Due to small size and less weight, it offers an easy design and fabrication process. The microstrip patch antenna has radiating patch on one side and ground on the other side. They operate at microwave frequencies. The low profile structure of microstrip antenna offers its wide use in wireless communication. They are used as communication antenna on missiles. Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is an airborne system which is utilized to provide the service as last defense equipment for avoiding mid-air collisions between the aircraft. 1.03 GHz and 1.09 GHz are the transmitting and receiving frequencies of the existing TCAS antenna respectively. In airborne systems, low aerodynamic drag is required. FR4 epoxy is chosen as the substrate material whose dielectric constant is 4.4. 1.06GHz is chosen as the design frequency, since it is centre frequency between 1.03GHz and 1.09GHz. Microstrip patch antenna always radiates in the broadside direction which is along elevation plane. Due to metallic cap, microstrip patch antenna can also radiate in the end fire radiation which is along the azimuth plane. The ground plane must have very large dimensions than the patch. This microstrip patch antenna working at UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band is designed and their parameters like gain, directivity, return loss, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and radiation pattern have been analyzed and simulated using ANSYS HFSS (High Frequency Structure Stimulator).

scholarly journals Isolation Enhancement of 3GHz Probe Fed Rectangle Microstrip Patch Antenna by Second Resonance Suppression Technique for Wireless Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3878-3886
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Suppression Technique ◽  
Dual Resonance ◽  
Low Efficiency

Microstrip patch antenna is very popular and extensively used in GHz wireless communications. The demand of increased wireless communication applications, needs increase in bandwidth, gain, efficiency and isolation of microostrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna is a low profile antenna but has narrow bandwidth, low gain, low efficiency and isolation. In this paper a microstrip patch antenna is designed with 1.6mm RT Duroid substrate material. The bandwidth, gain and isolation were found to be 60MHz, 7.5dB and -40dB with dual resonance. The bandwidth and isolation enhancement is achieved withsecond resonance suppression technique. The second resonance suppressed by using two slots. Simulations were conducted with different lengths of slots and at different positions and compared. A bandwidth of 270MHz, gain of 7.9dB and an isolation of -46dB are obtained. Bandwidth increase of 450% and 115% isolation increase are achieved.

scholarly journals A Low-Profile HF Meandered Dipole Antenna with a Ferrite-Loaded Artificial Magnetic Conductor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Oh Heon Kwon ◽  
Won Bin Park ◽  
Juho Yun ◽  
Hong Jun Lim ◽  
Keum Cheol Hwang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Artificial Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Binary Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, a low-profile HF (high-frequency) meandered dipole antenna with a ferrite-loaded artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. To operate in the HF band while retaining a compact size, ferrite with high permeability is applied to the unit cell of the AMC. The operating frequency bandwidth of the designed unit cell of the AMC is 1.89:1 (19–36 MHz). Thereafter, a meandered dipole antenna is designed by implementing a binary genetic algorithm and is combined with the AMC. The overall size of the designed antenna is 0.06×0.06×0.002 λ3 at the lowest operating frequency. The proposed dipole antenna with a ferrite-loaded AMC is fabricated and measured. The measured VSWR bandwidth (<3) covers 20–30 MHz on the HF band. To confirm the performance of the antenna, a reference monopole antenna which operates on the HF band was selected, and the measured receiving power is compared with the result of the proposed antenna with the AMC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document